UNIT 6
IMAGE AND INDENTITY
BODY DECORATION
FEELING
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS AND EACH OTHER
HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
DEFINING AND NN DEFINIG RELATIVE CLAUSES
BODY DECORATION
BEADS
JEWELLERY
RING
CHAIN
BODY DECORATION
NAIL VARNISH
MAKE UP
LIPSTICK
BODY DECORATION
HAIR AND SKIN
PIERCING
TATTOO
BODY DECORATION
HAIR AND SKIN
HAIR DYE
SIDEBURNS
BEARD AND
MOUSTACHE
BODY DECORATION
HAIR AND SKIN
DREADLOCKS
FEELINGS
• Verbs
– Sometimes you can see an –ING form or an –ED
form without being a gerund or a past tense,
acting as an adjective
Pete is always surprising me with presents
• -ed adjectives
– I was suprised by the results of the exam
• - ing adjectives
– The exam’s results were surprising
• ING adjectives refer to what causes the feeling
– Exams are frightening
• ED adjectives refer to how you feel
– I felt frightened during the exam
How
Howyou
youfeel
feel
what
whatcauses
causesthe
the
feeling
feeling
• You are bored if something is boring
• You are stressed if something is stressing
• My job is boring, interesting, tiring,
depressing…
what causes the
feeling
• I’m bored with my job
– I’m not interested in my job
• My job makes me depresssed
How you feel
VERB
Frighten
Bore
Relax
Surprise
Embarrass
Annoy
Excite
Worry
Shock
Interest
ED edjective
Frightened
Bored
Relaxed
Surprised
Embarrassed
Annoyed
Excited
Worried
Shocked
Interested
ING adjective
Frightening
Boring
Relaxing
Surprising
Embarrassing
Annoying
Exciting
Worrying
Shocking
Interest ing
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EACH OTHER
• EACH OTHER IS used to talk about reciprocal
It’s free
actions
They are teaching each other
They are walking each other
They understand each other
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EACH OTHER
• REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS are used when the
subject and the object of the action are the
same
What is he doing? He is taking
HIMSELF A PICTURE
The word“ selfie” is taken from
the suffix SELF
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EACH OTHER
She is eating by HERSELF
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EACH OTHER
Marge is washing HERSELF
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
• When
It is another
madeperson
withdoes something for us because we ask
or pay them
have + noun + past participle
– Dentists
• Tomorrow I am going to have my teeth checked by the dentist
– Mechanichs
• I had my car repaired yesterday
– Painters
• My mother will have the room painted in two days
– Designers
• You can have the web page finished by 3:30
– Hairdressers
• She is having her hair dyed in this moment
– Tatto artists
• Are you going to have a tattoo done in the back?
– Photographs
• My sister in law will have the pictures finished in one month
– Housekeeper
• They had the house cleaned yesterday
This woman's at the
hairdresser's.
She is having her hair cut.
She's getting her hair cut.
She has asked the hairdresser
to cut her hair.
She's at the garage (UK) / at the car repair shop (US).
She is having her car fixed/ repaired/mended.
She's getting her car fixed.
She has asked the mechanic to fix her car.
nails
She's getting a manicure.
She's having her nails manicured/ done.
She's getting her nails manicured/ done.
He's at the ophtalmologist 's.
He's having his eyes tested by an eye specialist.
He's getting his eyes tested.
He's having his house built.
He's getting his house built.
He's asked the builders to build his house.
They had their kitchen redecorated.
They got their kitchen redecorated.
At the hotel, you can have breakfast sent to your room.
At the dry cleaner's, you can have your clothes cleaned.
NOW, IT'S YOUR TURN
She's having her hair cut.
She's getting her hair cut.
She's having her car fixed/mended/
repaired.
She's getting her car fixed.
She's having her nails done/ manicured.
She's getting her nails done/ manicured.
He's having his eyes tested
He's getting his eyes tested.
He's having his house built.
He's getting his house built.
They had their kitchen redecorated.
At the hotel,
You can have breakfast sent to
your room.
At the dry cleaner's,
you can have your clothes cleaned.
• Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed.
Now someone is dying their hair
• Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the
tailor's shop.
Someone always makes his suits there
• Jake had his groceries delivered two hours ago.
Someone brought them two hours ago
• Diane has had her printer cartridges refilled.
Someone refilled them some time in the past.
• We'd just had our house fumigated.
Domeone had just fumigated it
• You should have your eyes checked.
Someone should cheched your eyes
• Jenny will have her ears pierced.
Someone will pierce her ears
• GET can be used in more informal contexts
– I usually get my hair done at Luigi's.
Generalmente me peino en Luigi.
– Martin got his tonsils removed yesterday.
A Martin le extirparon las amígdalas ayer.
– You must get this pipe fixed as soon as possible.
Debes hacer arreglar este grifo o antes posible.
DEFINING AND NON DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSES
•
•
•
•
•
•
WHO
WHICH
THAT
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
Remember:
WHO refers to people and WHICH refers to
animals, things, …
“THAT” sometimes can replace WHO and
WHICH (in Defining Relative Clauses ):
Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the
party yesterday?
The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very
interesting.
learn
They can also goYou
after awill
preposition:
- I’ve found that
the keyssometimes
for (WHICH/THAT) I was
looking. => I found the keys I was looking for.
- Who was the boy they
to (who)can
you were
talking? =>
be
Who was the boy you were talking to?
ommited
WHEN
shows Time:
- I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that
day
I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my
best friend.
WHERE refers to Places:
(WHEN
-This
is the can
hotelalso
+ Webe
areomitted
staying atin
theDefining
hotel next
Relative Clauses).
weekend:
This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next
weekend.
- The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city:
The city WHERE my sister is living is
interesting.
WHOSE
shows Possession and it replaces a
Possessive adjective or an ’s possessive:
- The man was crying + His house was on fire:
The man WHOSE house was on fire was crying.
- Have you met the people? + Their son is moving to
Washington:
Have you met the people WHOSE son is moving
to Washington?
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• They give essential information about people,
things or places in the main clause
This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
• We can use THAT instead of which/who
I hate people who never listen
She is living in the house where I was born
That’s the dog whose owner is a famous actor
This is the book which I gave you
• Form
There are no commas in defining relative clauses. We
can replace who or which with that in defining
relative clauses.
She’s the woman that works with my mother.
This is the book that I told you about.
• Who, which, that and when can be omitted when
they are the object of the verb in the second clause,
e.g.
There’s the man that the police have been looking for.
Whose and where can’t be omitted.
NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• They give extra information about people,
things or places in the main clause . The extra
information is not essential.
Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his
most successful singles, was released in 1999.
• They are marked by commas
• We can’t use THAT instead of which/who
• Form
In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma
before and after the main clause.
We use the relative pronouns who, which,
whose, where and when in non-defining
relative clauses. THE RELATIVE PRONOUN
CANNOT BE OMITTED.
Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a
band.
DEFINING AND NON DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING
THAT
WHO
WHICH
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
NON DEFINING WHO
WHICH
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
NO COMMAS
WHO
WHICH
THAT
CAN BE
OMMITED
WITH
COMMAS
CAN’T BE
OMMITED
DEFINING AND NON DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Compare:
-The neighbours who live next door are very
DEFINING
friendly.
Specifing the neighbour
-My neighbours, who live next door, are
brothers
NON DEFINING
- I enjoyed the film (which/that) you
DEFINING
recommended.
- I enjoyed Little Miss Sunshine, which you
recommended.
NON DEFINING
- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from
Glasgow”:
“Peter is the student WHO comes from
Glasgow”.
- “The books are on the table” + “They are
mine”:
“The books WHICH are on the table are
mine”.
- “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a
nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO
seems to be a nice guy”
- “I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a
beautiful city”:
- “I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a
beatiful city”
LET’S MAKE THESE
SENTENCES