 What is tourism?
 Where do people go on holiday?
 What factors affect tourism growth?
 How important is tourism in different
countries?
TOURISM IS…
TRAVELLING FOR
LEISURE
 What is tourism?
 Where do people go on holiday?
 What factors affect tourism growth?
 How important is tourism in different
countries?
3
6 7
1 10
2
5
9
4
8
TOP TEN TOURIST DESTINATIONS
1. FRANCE 2. SPAIN 3. USA 4. CHINA 5. ITALY
6. UK 7. GERMANY 8. MEXICO 9. TURKEY 10. AUSTRIA
 What is tourism?
 Where do people go on holiday?
 What factors affect tourism growth?
 How important is tourism in different
countries?
Growth in Tourism
• The world’s largest industry $500bn
• Leisure
accounts
for
75%
of
international travel
• 900m tourists 2007
• Est 1.6bn by 2020
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH
1. Social/Economic Factors
Wealth has grown since 1950. Ave wage 2006
£23k in UK. Fewer children per family. More
leisure time with holiday entitlement now 5-6 wks
2. Technology Improvements
Travel is quicker and easier due to motorways,
airport expansion and jet aircraft advances.
Booking is easier with internet .
3. Expansion of Choice
1950s-60s coastal resorts in UK and National
Parks popular. 1970s package holidays in Europe
became popular. Worldwide destinations now open
 What is tourism?
 Where do people go on holiday?
 What factors affect tourism growth?
 How important is tourism in different
countries?
USA
FRANCE
USA EARNS APPROX
$66.5BN
FROM TOURISM PER YEAR
MOST POPULAR TOURST
DESTINATION IN THE
WORLD. IN 2007 IT EARNED
MORE THAN ANY OTHER
COUNTRY FROM TOURISM
JAMAICA
CHINA
AVERAGE TOURIST SPEND IN
JAMAICA IS $900 PER PERSON
CHINA IS BECOMING A MORE
POPULAR WITH 42M VISITORS
IN 2005
Can you arrange the top 3’s of the three
categories in red?
ANSWER
TOP 3 MOST
VISITED
COUNTRIES
SPAIN
TOP 3 LONDON
ATTRACTIONS
ROME
TOP 3 MOST
VISITED CITIES
TOWER OF
LONDON
LONDON EYE
NEW YORK
FRANCE
PARIS
USA
BRITISH MUSEUM
Can you arrange the top 3’s of the three
categories in red?
TOP 3 MOST
VISITED
COUNTRIES
TOP 3 LONDON
ATTRACTIONS
TOP 3 MOST
VISITED CITIES
FRANCE
TOWER OF
LONDON
PARIS
SPAIN
BRITISH MUSEUM
ROME
USA
LONDON EYE
NEW YORK
(click on the pictures to link to a resource)
(What Could They Ask You? Click the red dots
for a mark scheme/answers)
Name 3 factors that have affected the growth of
tourism(3)
Using examples describe how important tourism
can be to a country (4)
EXAM TECHNIQUE TIPS
EXAMINRS DO CHEQUE YOUR SPEELING SO DON’T BE LAZI WITH IT!
ALTHOUGH THEY CARNT DOCK U MARKS FOUR PAW SPEELING THEY CAN USE A QWC
(QUALITY OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION) TO EIVER PUSH YOU UP A LEVEL TO A HIGHER
MARK OR KEP YOU WHERE YOU ARE…SO BAD SPEELING CAN AFFECT YOUR SCORE.
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Answers
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QUESTIONS
Name 3 factors that have affected the growth of tourism (3)
Mark Scheme
Point marked. Advances in technology (1) for example faster jet aircraft (1), social and
economic changes (1) like more leisure time (1) higher wages (1), wider choice of
destinations (1)
Using examples describe how important tourism can be to a country (4)
(6)
Mark Scheme
Answers should focus on a range of countries. Examples could be USA has the highest income from
tourism with about $66.5 billion. France is most visited country with over 76 million visitors.
Jamaica’s GDP is 50% from tourism
Level 1: (1-2) Basic answer, no development of points, possibly only one country used.
e.g. poor countries get money, lots of people visit countries
Level 2: (3-4) Clear answer, more than one country used e.g. Tourism in Jamaica makes up
50% of GDP and tourists spend on average $900 per person.
 How important is tourism to the UK?
 The growth of tourism
 The contribution of tourism
 External factors affecting UK
 The Butler Model
 Case Study: Lake District
 Where is it?
 What’s their?
 Impacts
 Strategies
2010/
Pre War
onwards
1990s/
1950s/
2000s
60s
1970s/
80s
Pre War
Tourism in UK
mostly domestic
based. Only
wealthy and
privileged go
abroad
50/60s
Domestic
tourism grows
rapidly as UK
economy booms.
Annual holidays
become common
70/80s
UK seaside
holidays peak in
mid 70s(40m)
visito. Package
holidays abroad
become popular
90/00s
Cheap air travel
becomes the
norm and city
breaks boom.
Long haul
holidays boom.
10s
Long haul and
extended hols to
‘exotic’ location
increase.
£21bn other
£10bn tourist attractions
£16bn hotels
£20bn restaurants
£13bn overseas spending
Terrorism
The destruction of the Twin
Towers
during
the
9/11
attacks had huge impacts on
travel.
Fear of flying
produced an immediate 30%
drop in flight demand. Long
term
impacts
have
seen
security
checks
increased.
The
7/7
Underground
bombings
caused
visitor
numbers to drop sharply in the
immediate aftermath
Banking Crisis
The crash of world bans had a
devastating effect on tourism.
The cost of travel has rose
significantly forcing people to
take
‘stay-cations’.
The
Euro’s value has risen against
the pound making Eurozone
countries more expensive.
 How important is tourism to the UK?
 The growth of tourism
 The contribution of tourism
 External factors affecting UK
 The Butler Model
 Case Study: Lake District
 Where is it?
 What’s their?
 Impacts
 Strategies
1
2
3
STAGE 5
4
6
Development
Involvement
Exploration
Stagnation
Consolidation
Decline or
Rejuvenation
Tourism
a major
part
The
resort
becomes
Small
Large
Local
numbers
population
companies
of
of local
economy.
Decline:
Visitors
prefer
unfashionable
and a
visitors
sees
take
opportunities
interest.
discover
Visitor
numbers
other
resorts.
Day
number
of
visitors
Hotel
place
and
chains
because
starts
start
toof
trippers/weekenders
steady, employment
begin
to
fall.
become
main
source
building
itsprovide
natural
work.of
secure.
Facilities
income
Businesses
linked
to
becoming
older,
type
beauty,
Package
accommodation,
historical
holidays
tourism
begin
to fail
of
visitors
attracted
Rejuvenation:
Attempts
food,
begin
or
cultural
transport,
to
be
goestodownmarket.
made
modernise the
advertised.
guides
features
and
other
Job
Rowdiness
becomes
a
resort and
attract
different
people
problem
opportunities
services
grow
STAGE 5
4
6
3
1
2
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline or
Development
Exploration
Involvement
Rejuvenation
1900-1950
1960-70
1860-1900
1780-90
1840-1850
1980-Present
BoomMajor
years
for
Cheaper
package
First
road
built
Railway
begins
to
Blackpool.
On
holidays
abroad
are
Blackpool invested in its
into
developments
Blackpool
and
arrive
and
major
facilities
opening
a Sea
average
19m so
people
cheaper
people
built.
Winter
Life
Centre,
upgrading
investment
by
per
yearstarted
visited.
Blackpool’s
rides in the Pleasure
travelling
Gardens
(1878),
inincome
small
locals
in facilities
Disposable
popularity
declines.
Beach
and improving
the
numbers
Tower
(1894).
into
the
Illuminations.
Blackpool
start
to
on the
increase
in
Unreliable
weather
now encourages winter
theItUK.
area.
Blackpool
took
could
encourage
means
look1
tradepeople
by holding
abroad
day
accommodate
to travel
conferences.
tourists
from
1/4m
Manchester
people
VIDEO
 How important is tourism to the UK?
 The growth of tourism
 The contribution of tourism
 External factors affecting UK
 The Butler Model
 Case Study: Lake District
 Where is it?
 What’s their?
 Impacts
 Strategies
The Lake District National
Park is located in the north
west of England in the
county of Cumbria
It stretches 64km north to
south and 53km east to
west.
It became a National Park in
1951 and has been a source
of peace and tranquillity for
millions ever since
The area is famous for its
rugged mountains, large lakes
and small ‘lakeland’ villages
Helvellyn
and Striding
Edge
Grasmere and
‘Dove Cottage’
home of
Wordsworth
Lake Windermere
and the lake
cruises
Brockhole
Lake District
Visitors centre
Scafell Pike
England highest
mountain
Traffic congestion in small ‘Lakeland’
villages e.g. Ambleside is common.
The narrow roads struggle to cope
with the volume of traffic
Traffic
Problems
Dual carriageways are built on the
edges of the Lakes to help move
traffic effectively. Car Parks situated
outside village centres
Both physical and cultural honeypot
sites are under pressure in the
Lakes. Scafell Pike is suffering from
severe footpath erosion
Honeypot
Sites
Footpaths repaired using harder
wearing materials e.g. gravel. Clear
signposting channels walkers
20% of houses in the Lakes are 2nd
homes of holiday lets. This increase
property prices for locals
Pressure on
Property
Little achieved yet as it is difficult to
manage house prices
Water sports on Lake Windermere
causes strong washes eroding the
shore. Also oil leaks from
powerboats can cause water
pollution
Strict speed limit of 18kph on Lake
Environmental
Windermere reduces noise pollution
Issues
and shore erosion
Can you construct a mind map
on the Lake District National Park?
(click on the pictures to link to a resource)
(What Could They Ask You? Click the red dots
for a mark scheme/answers)
Describe how the number of people holidaying in
FIGURE 3
the UK and abroad has changed (4)
Describe and explain the impacts of tourism in a
National Park you have studied(8)
EXAM TECHNIQUE TIPS
LET THE MNENOMICS DO THE WORK
MNENOMICS ARE POWERFUL TOOLS TO ENHANCE RECALL. USE THIS MNENOMIC FOR
REMEMBERING THE STAGES OF THE BUTLER MODEL
EDINBURGH IS DEVELOPING CASTLE SITES DAILY
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QUESTIONS
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Answers
BACK TO
QUESTIONS
Describe how the number of people holidaying in the UK and abroad has changed (4)
Mark Scheme
Level 1: Basic (1-2) Linear description. May focus on one of the graphs only. No data used
to supplement answer. E.g. the number of people going abroad is going up constantly
Level 2: Clear (3-4) Patterns identified, data used to support answer, both graphs
described. E.g. The number of people going abroad rose slowly from 1960 (3million) to
1976 (6million)
Describe and explain the impacts of tourism in a National Park you have studied (8)
(6)
Mark Scheme
Answers will likely to focus on the Lake District. Traffic impacts are common in the Lake District with
congestion common. The main street of Ambleside, Compston Road is narrow and constantly snarls
up with traffic. Ambleside being a honeypots site receives over a million visitors per year. Stock Ghyll
Falls path is being badly eroded due to the concentration of people. The number of second homes in
Ambleside is about 20%. This means that house prices for locals are inflated due to lack of available
housing.
Level 1: Basic (1-4) Simple statements, no case study e.g. tourists drop litter, cars create air pollution
Level 2: Clear (5-6) Developed statements, case study maybe used e.g. Traffic congestion in Ambleside
causes slow moving traffic through the town centre
Level 3: Detailed (7-8) Develop statements, case study used throughout e.g. Traffic congestion in
Ambleside, especially on Compston Road means traffic is slow moving. This can cause inconvenience .
 What is mass tourism?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
mass tourism?
 Case Study: Mass tourism in a tropical resort,
Jamaica
TOURISM ON A LARGE SCALE TO ONE
COUNTRY OR REGION
 What is mass tourism?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
mass tourism?
 Case Study: Mass tourism in a tropical resort,
Jamaica
 What is mass tourism?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
mass tourism?
 Case Study: Mass tourism in a tropical resort,
Jamaica
ATTRACTIONS
NEGATIVE
IMPACTS
OF MASS
TOURISM
STRATEGIES
FACTS
AND
FIGURES
POSITIVE
IMPACTS
OF MASS
TOURISM
Total number of tourists
1.3 million
Pop employed in tourism
8%
Tourist Expenditure (per person)
$931
Total Foreign Exchange Earnings
$1.3bn
Contribution to GDP
20%
Cruise Ship Arrivals (2002)
865
Visitors from USA and UK (% of total)
70% and 10%
Kingston
International Airport
expanded to cope
with over 1m visitors
Hotel chain e.g.
Hilton hire locals for
low skilled jobs e.g.
waiters.
Over £1.3bn is
generated from
tourism in investment
New sewerage
system built in
Montego Bay
Tourists spend an
average of $931
which boosts
economy
Locals set up
businesses e.g. Café
due to the multiplier
effect
VIDEO
Coral Reef in Montego
Bay is being destroyed
due to tourists breaking
it for souvenirs
Low skilled jobs e.g.
waiter are low paid
and long hours
Profits leak out of
Jamaica to large
TNCs who run hotel
chains etc
Litter being drop on
Montego Bay beach
Seasonal jobs mean
job security in
Kingston is poor
The government have
shelved several projects in
Kingston e.g. school
improvement to invest in
tourism
Minimum wage
introduced into
Jamaica of $43 per
week
Coral protection
schemes e.g. coral watch
set up in Jamaica
Tourist facilities and
attraction are spread out
around the island to reduce
areas of high tourist
concentration
Black Mountain area
designated a National
Park to protect by
law
Set-up of ecotourism means
profits going straight
to local people
Hotel chains are
encouraged to source food
from local farms thus
keeping local farming
business alive
(click on the pictures to link to a resource)
(What Could They Ask You? Click the red dots
for a mark scheme/answers)
What is mass tourism(2)
Describe and explain the impact of mass tourism
on a tropical resort you have studied(8)
EXAM TECHNIQUE TIPS
CASE STUDIES NEED TO FLOW THROUGHOUT YOUR ANSWERS. YOU MUST INPUT DETAILS
(FACTS/FIGURES/PLACE NAMES) THAT SHOW THE EXAMINER YOU UNDERSTAND THE CASE
STUDY IN DETAIL
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Answers
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QUESTIONS
What is mass tourism (2)
Mark Scheme
Tourism in large numbers (1) in a country or region (1)
Describe and explain the impact of mass tourism on a tropical resort you have studied (8)
Mark Scheme
Answers will likely focus on Jamaica. Positive impacts can include many locals getting jobs in hotels
e.g. Hilton hotel in Kingston as chambermaids, waiters. The income from tourism makes up 20% of
GDP and over $1bn in foreign investment. This boosts quality of life in the country. Negative impacts
can include the destruction of coral reef on the shores of Montego Bay. Tourists break the coral for
souvenirs. This kills the fragile ecosystem. Also the profits from tourism tend to leak out of the
country to large TNCs who run hotels, airlines and other facilities.
Level 1: Basic (1-4) Simple statements, no case study, probably only description e.g. tourists drop litter
Level 2: Clear (5-6) Developed statements, case study maybe used, exceptional description e.g.
Tourists who visit Montego Bay tend to drop litter making it unsightly
Level 3: Detailed (7-8) Develop statements, case study used throughout e.g. In Montego Bay many
tourist scuba dive amongst the coral reef. Unfortunately some tourists break the coral reef for
souvenirs. This can damage the fragile ecosystem of the Jamaican coast




What is ‘extreme’ tourism?
Where are ‘extreme’ tourist destinations?
What are the target markets?
Case Study: Antarctica
 Tourist history
 Attractions
 Impacts/Strategies
LOCATIONS WITH PARTICULAR DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS
WHERE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM HAS ONLY RECENTLY
OCCURED.




What is ‘extreme’ tourism?
Where are ‘extreme’ tourist destinations?
What are the target markets?
Case Study: Antarctica
 Tourist history
 Attractions
 Impacts/Strategies




What is ‘extreme’ tourism?
Where are ‘extreme’ tourist destinations?
What are the target markets?
Case Study: Antarctica
 Tourist history
 Attractions
 Impacts/Strategies
ANTARCTICA TOURIST
NUMBERS
USA = 16’500
UK = 7’300
GERMANY = 5’000
AUSTRALIA = 3’300
CANADA = 2’800




What is ‘extreme’ tourism?
Where are ‘extreme’ tourist destinations?
What are the target markets?
Case Study: Antarctica
 Tourist history
 Attractions
 Impacts/Strategies
• SMALL SCALE TOURISM
STARTS IN 1950s
• FIRST SPECIFICALLY
DESIGNED SHIP BUILT IN
1969
• BY 1992 9’000 TOURIST
HAD VISITED
• BY 2006 37’000 AND BY
2008 46’000 HAD VISITED
• OVER 100 TOURIST
COMPANIES PROVDE
TOURS
• TOURS CAN TRAVEL FROM
NZ OR ARGENTINA
WEB LINK
Human impacts with penguins are
very dangerous. If they are touched
adult penguins often abandon their
young
There have been incidences of ships
striking rocks and spilling oil/waste
e.g M/S Explorer 2007
Penguin
Contact
Strict distances are given in which
tourists can approach young
penguins
Ship
Movements
Specific routes are chartered for
tourist ships. Any waste material
can’t be discharged near to the
Antarctic coast
Fragile ecosystems are common
Areas are protected by the Antarctic
Environmental
place in the Antarctic region. Bird
Treaty which has designated Bird
Sensitive
Island on South Georgia is home to
Island an SSSI, so visitors are not
Areas
many rare Antarctic Terns
allowed to visit
The number of tourists is rapidly
rising and now 100 companies e.g.
Exodus, run tours
Tourism
Industry
Tour operators have to be members
of the IAATO, which directs tourism
in the area to be safe and envirofriendly
(click on the pictures to link to a resource)
(What Could They Ask You? Click the red dots
for a mark scheme/answers)
Using figure 4 describe why people want to visit
FIGURE 4
Antarctica(3)
Describe the impact extreme tourism can have
on an environment you have studied(6)
EXAM TECHNIQUE TIPS
CASE STUDIES NEED TO FLOW THROUGHOUT YOUR ANSWERS. YOU MUST INPUT DETAILS
(FACTS/FIGURES/PLACE NAMES) THAT SHOW THE EXAMINER YOU UNDERSTAND THE CASE
STUDY IN DETAIL
BACK TO
QUESTIONS
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Answers
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QUESTIONS
Using figure 4 describe why people want to visit Antarctica (3)
Mark Scheme
People want to see wildlife(1) for example penguins(1) in their natural habitat(1). Tourist
want experience the remote wilderness(1) extreme temperatures(1). Tourist like the
cruise through the ice flow(1).
Describe the impact extreme tourism can have on an environment you have studied (6)
Mark Scheme
Answers will focus on Antarctica . Impacts can include tourists handing or touching animals especially
penguins. This can cause adult penguins to abandon their young. Cruise ships have been known to
run aground or hit rocks spilling oil. Also irresponsible crew have discharged waste water near the
coast of Antarctica. Tourist numbers have grown to over 40’000 visitors per year travelling to
Antarctica. This has meant an increase in litter in the areas that are visited.
Level 1: Basic (1-4) Simple statements, no case study e.g. tourists drop litter, tourist touch animals
Level 2: Clear (5-6) Developed statements, case study used, exceptional description e.g. The cruise
ships that take tourists to the Antarctic continent have been known to run aground or hit rocks. In
2007 the M/S Explorer capsized and leaked oil into the ocean.
 Key terms
 Case Study: Amazonat, Sustainable Tourism
Stewardship
The personal responsibility for looking after
things.
Conservation
The careful and planned use of resources in
order to manage and maintain the natural
environment for future generations
Ecotourism
Environmentally friendly tourism
What?
Where?
Located in the Amazon Rainforest outside of
Manaus in north western Brazil. Amazonat is
located near to the Amazon River
•
VIDEO
•
Provides eco-tourist with
experience and education of
the rainforest
•
Amazonat lodges specially
built in Holland. Use fallen
rainforest timber and are
constructed in natural
clearings
•
Lodges have ecoline lights,
hot water system heated by
solar panels
Non-organic waste is disposed
at landfills in Manaus. Waste
water is pumped into Orchid
Lake a man made lake
• All guides are locals and
provide local knowledge about
the rainforest
(click on the pictures to link to a resource)
(What Could They Ask You? Click the red dots
for a mark scheme/answers)
What is stewardship? (2)
Using an example you have studied explain how
tourism can be sustainable? (6)
EXAM TECHNIQUE TIPS
THE ‘SUCCESS CHECKLIST’
POSITIVE ATTITUDE
DETERMINATION
RESILIENCE
PREPARATION
LUCK
ON TO NEXT
SECTION
Answers
BACK TO
QUESTIONS
What is stewardship (2)
Mark Scheme
The personal responsibility (1) for looking the environment (1) looking after things (1)
Using an example you have studied explain how tourism can be sustainable (6)
Mark Scheme
Answers will focus on Amazonat in Brazil. Amazonat is built in natural clearings so no forest is being
cut down to locate the lodges. The lodges are constructed using fallen wood so the lodges blend into
the natural environment. Facilities in the lodges are also enviro-friendly. Local guides are employed to
educate people on the rainforest. This means people are more aware of the rainforest and the aim
being they are more aware in their everyday lives.
Level 1: Basic (1-4) Simple statements, no case study e.g. lodges blend into rainforest
Level 2: Clear (5-6) Developed statements, case study used e.g. Amazonat lodges are built so they
blend into the environment and don’t detract from the natural environment
“Nothing in life is easy. Nothing is handed to you on a plate. The people who go
out and get…are the people who move forward and achieve. If you wait for
opportunity…you wait forever…if you make opportunities, success starts now.
Choices in your life will dictate the journey you take. Never look back on your
journey and wish you had taken another path…look forward at your journey and
take the path you wish.
Now is the time to relentlessly pursue everything you have ever wanted. To follow
with unflinching focus the dreams that you have dreamt for years. Most people
are good, some people are great, only one can be the greatest…
BE THE ONE!