Life Science - Mr. Hooper - January 2013
Algae are autotrophs.
Algae may be unicellular or
multicellular.
Pigments: chemicals that produce
color.
Algae can be green, yellow, red,
brown, orange or black.
http://university.uog.edu/botany/474/fw/pandorina.htm
Algae are a major producer of
Earth’s oxygen, and are a major
food source for aquatic organisms.
Diatoms: Unicellular protists with beautiful glasslike cell walls. Diatoms
form a major part of the plankton in both fresh water and ocean water.
They are responsible for about 20% of the Earth’s photosynthesis.
Dinoflagellates (Gk dinos “whirling”) are unicellular algae surrounded by tough
plates. Each dinoflagellate moves like a twirling top due to its pair of flagella.
They are photosynthetic autotrophs that form a major part of plankton.
http://mybay.umd.edu/specifichabs.html
http://withfriendship.com/user/sathvi/dinoflagellate.php
Some dinoflagellates have occasional population explosions called blooms
or red tides. Water may be colored red, orange, or brown. Some of the red
tide dinoflagellates produce a toxin that attacks the nervous system of fish,
leading to massive fish kills. Humans can contract paralytic shellfish poisoning.
http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/merickson/Protista.html
http://www.infovisual.info/02/001_en.html
Euglenoids, including Euglena acus, are unicellular. Euglenoids have a stigma
or eyespot that contains pigments. The eyespot is sensitive to light.
The red algae are multicellular
red seaweeds. These algae can
absorb light for photosynthesis
in deep ocean waters.
Nori is the Japanese name for the edible red algae of the
genus Porphyra. Carrageenan is a substance extracted
from red algae that is added to ice cream to provide
a thick, creamy texture.
Green algae: range from unicellular to multicellular green seaweeds.
Contain the same pigments (chlorophyll) as land plants.
Ulva sp. – Sea lettuce
Spirogyra sp.
http://ivan-roberto.blogspot.com/
Chlamydomonas
Codium fragile
Volvox sp.
Udotea glaucescens
Brown algae: contain the brown pigment fucoxanthin and also
green, yellow, and orange pigments. These are the seaweeds and
giant kelps (some up to 100 meters long).
http://bcadayatatime.com/2010/08/22/this-is-the-reason-we-choose-the-sea-otter-for-our-logo-hes-tops-with-us-at-bc-a-day-at-a-time/
Substances called algins are extracted
from brown algae and are used as
thickeners in puddings and other foods.
http://www.calacademy.org/teachers/resources/lessons/sensational-seaweed/
http://www.meijer.com/s/hunts-snack-pack-pudding-chocolate-1-multi-pack-4cups/_/R-146289
The Self-Kelp Section
www.flickr.com
The funguslike protists are heterotrophs that have cell walls and use spores
to reproduce.
Spore: a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism.
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/160/160S10_12.html
http://theartfulamoeba.com/2010/03/25/the-math-of-natural-beauty/
Slime molds may be microscopic to large enough to cover an area of several
meters. Some form many celled masses, some form a giant multinucleate cell.
The water molds are funguslike protists that live in water and moist places.
Some are important decomposers of dead aquatic organisms.
Others are parasites that cause devastating crop loss (e.g. Phytophthora
infestans – cause of the Irish Potato Famine)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phytophtora_infestans-effects.jpg
http://faculty.ccri.edu/lmfrolich/Microbiology/eukaryotes.htm
Downy mildews are funguslike
protists that are parasites of
many important crops.
Downy mildews grow on and
infect grapes, squash,
watermelons, tobacco, mint,
hops and many other crops.
These protists grow best in
moist, humid conditions. They
look like fuzz or gray-fuzzy
growth on the underside of
leaves
(e.g. Peronospora tabacina).
http://www.uvm.edu/cmb/faculty_details.php?people_id=120
http://blogs.cornell.edu/ccesummerinterns/files/2011/07/100_3776.JPG
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/IW00003a.aspx
Left: Downy Mildew- bottom side of leaf.
Right: Light micrograph (400×) of sporangiophore and sporangia of downy
mildew (Peronospora parasitica) in tissues of shepherd’s-purse plant.
Sarcodines – Amoeba proteus
Algae – Red algae
Ciliates – Paramecium bursaria
Green algae
Flagellates – Giardia lamblia
Brown algae
Trichonympha campanula
Parasitic Protozoa – Plasmodium falciparum
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania donovani
Algae – Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids –Euglena acus
Funguslike protists –
Slime molds
Water molds
(Phytophthora infestans)
Downy mildew
(Peronospora tabacina)
Brown algae. http://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classification/ClassificationNotes/ClassificationNotes.htm.
Chlamydomonas. https://wiki.umn.edu/IBS8102/030410-Molnar.
Codium fragile. http://myweb.dal.ca/rescheib/codium.html.
Diatoms. http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15841/530wm/B3050136-LM_of_an_array_of_marine_diatoms-SPL.jpg.
Diatoms black background. http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/73148/enlarge.
Downy. http://momsneedtoknow.com/hot-downy-11-coupon/.
Downy mildew on tobacco. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peronospora_hyoscyami_f._sp._tabacina.jpg.
Nori rolls. http://gliving.com/nori-rolls-with-pecan-pate/.
Otter and kelp. http://bcadayatatime.com/2010/08/22/this-is-the-reason-we-choose-the-sea-otter-for-our-logo-hestops-with-us-at-bc-a-day-at-a-time.
Pandorina. http://www.biosci.ohiostate.edu/~plantbio/osu_pcmb/pcmb_lab_resources/pcmb102_activities/algae_mosses/algae_mosses_pandorina.htm
Red algae.
http://www.barwonbluff.com.au/bluff%20life/below%20waves/marine%20plants/algae/red%20algae/pages/soft%20red%20al
gae.htm.
Slime mold. http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/slime-molds-aliens/.
Slime mold-pink. pinterest.com.
Spirogyra species. http://www.phenomenica.com/2011/04/land-plants-evolved-from-conjugating.html.
Udotea glaucescens. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3817&session=abv4:42F9422A0f048236D6rRm1AB2C30.
Volvox. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artdec03/volvox.html.