Economic sectors
Lesson 1 of 2
Lesson Objectives
• Define and illustrate primary,
secondary, tertiary and quarternary
sectors.
• Give examples of different job types
• Describe variations in sectoral balance
between countries.
How can industrial activity be
classified?
There are many different types of industry. We can classify industry into
three main categories:
Primary
These industries extract
raw materials directly
from the earth or sea.
Secondary
These industries
process and
manufacture products
from raw materials.
Tertiary
These industries
provide a service.
Classification of industry
What is a quaternary industry?
There are also quaternary industries.
These industries incorporate a high
degree of research and technology
in their processes and employ highly
qualified people.
Biotechnology and computer
programming are examples of
quaternary industries.
4. Economic activity and energy
(a) Study Figure 4(a) which shows the factors influencing the choice of location of a
new factory.
(i) To which economic sector does Figure 4(a) refer? Put a cross in the box next to
the correct answer.
Primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
The 4 Sectors of Industry are interrelated. An individual
industry will often use more than one sector in order to
produce products.
Illustrate how you think the four sectors relate
together in the production of cotton clothes,
part of the fashion industry.
COTTON IN THE
FASHION INDUSTRY...
PRIMARY
Cotton is grown and
picked on a cotton farm
SECONDARY
Cotton is processed to
cloth, which is, in turn,
sewn in to clothing.
TERTIARY
Cotton clothes (e.g. jeans,
shirts etc) are sold in high
street shops.
QUATERNARY: Research is carried out in to new ways of processing or
growing cotton. e.g. organic cotton.
Leather manufacture
in a tannery
A shoe factory in Hanoi
Models and fashion shows
The entire fashion industry involves a great number of
different products and services, all of which can be
classified according to industrial sector...
Sheep farming
and sheering for
wool production
Cosmetics research
What is the development pathway?
The global economy
How do employment patterns
differ between countries?
Classification of Countries from the World Bank, July
2012, on the basis of 2011 GNI per capita:
•
1 - Low income: $1,025 or less
2 - Lower middle income: $1,026 to $4,035
3 - Upper middle income: $4,036 to $12,475
4 - High income: $12,476 or more
• Add to this classification the term “Newly
industrialised country” (NIC) which is applied
to countries that are experiencing
industrialization and rapid economic growth,
such as China, India, Brazil, Malaysia,
Philippines and Thailand.
• In an LIC, such as Mali, a high proportion of
the active population works in primary
industries, especially in farming. This type of
country is in the pre-industrial phase.
• China is an NIC and has a strong
manufacturing sector. It is in the industrial
phase.
• HICs, such as Germany, are in the postindustrial phase.
Explain how and why the types of industries
found in HIC may be different to those in a LIC. (4
Marks)
P
E
P
E
A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population
working within the Primary industry, whereas a LIC
like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry.
This is because primary jobs pay less so not many
people in the UK are willing to do them.
Now try and get the other
two marks.
Explain how and why the types of industries
found in HIC may be different to those in a LIC. (4
Marks)
P
E
P
E
A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population
working within the Primary industry, whereas a LIC
like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry.
This is because primary jobs pay less so not many
people in the UK are willing to do them.
Level 1 is a list (you can put a million level 1 answer but maximum marks you will get
is 1 out of 4) –There is more primary industries in LIC.
Level 2 is point made with some explanation (you can put a million of level 2 answers
but maximum marks you will get is 2 out of 4 - There is more primary industries in LIC
than HIC, as these jobs pay less.
Level 3 is point made with detailed explanation (need 2 points explained in detail to get
4 marks) – A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population working within the Primary
industry, whereas a LIC like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry. This is
because primary jobs pay less so not many people in the UK are willing to do them.