853d Electronic Systems Group
Communication, Navigation,
Surveillance/Air Traffic
Management 101
Prepared By: Capt Ben Brandt
853 ELSG/NT
Electronic Systems Center
Hanscom AFB, MA
20 Mar 07
Integrity - Service - Excellence
ESC 07-0402
OVERVIEW

What is CNS/ATM?

Who is the 853 ELSG/NT
at Electronic Systems
Center?
Slide 2

Determining Global
Airspace Access
Requirements

SPARC Tool
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CNS/ATM DEFINED
Category
C
N
S
Communication
Digital Radios to Handle
Reduced Channel Spacing
and Datalink
Navigation
Better Horizontal/Vertical
Position Accuracy to Enable
Reduced Separation
Surveillance
Enhanced Situational
Awareness, Collision
Avoidance, Automatic
Position Reporting
Components
• 8.33
• AFN
• SATCOM • VDLM2
• CPDLC • HFDL
• CMU (Data Comm)
• ADS-A
• RNP
• RVSM
• P ILS (FM Imm.)
• Mode S
Goal
A
T
M
Air Traffic
Management
Transition from ATC
to ATM With the
Ultimate Goal of
Free Flight
• TCAS
• ADS-A/B
GOAL: Continued Operation IAW New Separation Standards/Procedures
Slide 3
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CNS/ATM BACKGROUND

International civil aviation community is pursuing
more efficient use of airspace while maintaining or
increasing level of safety

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
Reduced vertical and horizontal aircraft separations
In-flight rerouting (including weather deviations)
User preferred routing
Improved situational awareness
Flight conformance monitoring
Greater flexibility in designing approach procedures
Another factor is the need to maintain or increase air
traffic services with limited frequency spectrum
Plan is to leverage improvements in communications,
navigation, and surveillance (CNS) technology to
improve air traffic management (ATM)
Slide 4
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CNS/ATM = MANY
CAPABILITIES
Slide 5
Integrity - Service - Excellence
WHY CNS/ATM?
Slide 6
Integrity - Service - Excellence
WHY CNS/ATM?

Worldwide scheduled civil air traffic
projected to increase steadily

Europe and the Pacific Rim increasing most
notably

CNS/ATM a means to increase airspace
capacity

Caveats for increased capacity:


Slide 7
Must maintain current levels of safety
Changes must have economic benefits
Integrity - Service - Excellence
WHY CNS/ATM FOR DoD?

Global airspace access for DoD aircraft by
providing interoperability with civil CNS/ATM
systems


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Mandates for civil aviation equipage may not apply
to all DoD aircraft
Possible Exclusion of DoD aircraft from airspace, if
lacking required CNS/ATM equipage
CNS/ATM requirements for Air Force aircraft
are determined by Major Commands, based on:

Knowledge of civil airspace access requirements
 Assessment of mission impact of non-compliance
 Tradeoff CNS/ATM against other mission needs
Slide 8
Integrity - Service - Excellence
WHY CNS/ATM FOR DoD?
Aircraft Quantities
Air Force
Army
Bombers
187
Fighters
2,547
Helicopters
216
3,151
Special Mission/Info Dominance
334
47
Mobility (Tanker/Transport)
1,562
828
Trainers
1,102
UAV's
85
Total Aircraft (Estimated)
6,033
4,026
Navy
1,180
1,260
699
316
Total
187
3,727
4,627
1,080
2,706
1,102
85
3,455
13,514
American Airlines ~ 500 aircraft
Slide 9
Integrity - Service - Excellence
WHY CNS/ATM FOR DoD?
Departure
Sequencing
Delays
Impact of
Noncompliance
Optimal Routing
Arrival
Sequencing
Delays
Longer And Less
Desirable Routing
Warfighter Impact:
Longer Flight Times
More Fuel / Less Cargo, Pax / Late Delivery
Limited Access to Training Areas Degrades Mission Readiness
Lack of Transparency Degrades Mission Security
Slide 10
Integrity - Service - Excellence
IMPACT OF
NONCOMPLIANCE


Rapid Global Mobility: Excluded From Critical Airspace
Global Attack: Impacts Ability to Operate Fighters / Bombers /
Special Mission Through Civil Airspace Enroute to Battlespace
Agile Combat Support: Hinders Ability to Resupply Deployed
Forces, Increases Initial Lift Requirement
Notional Gulf War Deployment*
100%
50%
0%
10
2006 Fleet Delivers
All Cargo in 92
Days

0
2
42
* Assumes
30
60
90
Minutes of Additional Flight
Time Per Sortie Due to Noncompliance
Slide 11
Extra
Days
to
Deliver
Shortfall
Compliant
CRAF fleet
Integrity - Service - Excellence
IMPACT OF
NONCOMPLIANCE
13 September 1997
TU-154
479 kts
35,000 ft
909 kts Closing Speed
Potential Loss of Situational
Awareness due to Sunlight
Exposure
USAF C-141
430 kts
35,000 ft
Slide 12
Integrity - Service - Excellence
NAVIGATION AND SAFETY
MANDATES

FM Immunity

Applies to all aircraft
 VHF Radio, VOR, and ILS Localizer Receivers

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS II
or ACAS II)

Applies to passenger and troop carrying aircraft
 Requires Mode S level 2 transponder

Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)


Applies to passenger and troop carrying aircraft
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), Emergency Locator
Transmitter (ELT), Flight Data Recorder (FDR)

Slide 13
Applies to passenger and troop carrying aircraft
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CNS 101’s
More In-depth Presentations on each discipline:
https://igatm.hanscom.af.mil or
http://www.afceaboston.com:
 Communication
 Navigation
 Surveillance
Please note that some CNS/ATM mandates
require the use of all three disciplines
Slide 14
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CURRENT CNS/ATM
DEFINITIONS

RVSM: Vertical separations reduced from 2000 to 1000 feet
between FL290-410

Communications
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Slide 15
8.33 kHz: Reduced channel spacing on very high frequency
(VHF) air traffic control (ATC) voice radios in Europe
Satellite communications (SATCOM): Commercial data link
and voice capability for oceanic and remote ATC
communication
High frequency (HF) data link: For polar coverage and
possibly North Atlantic position reporting
Controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC):
Application operating over SATCOM/HF/VHF data links that
provides a set of canned text messages that replicate typical
voice exchanges
VDLM2: A high speed VHF data link for domestic line-of-sight
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CURRENT CNS/ATM
DEFINITIONS

Navigation

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FM immunity: protects VHF omni-range and instrument
landing system (VOR/ILS) from VHF frequency modulated (FM)
radio interference
Required navigation performance (RNP): Navigation system
capability needed to support a particular procedure or
operation (e.g. reduced oceanic track separations, nonprecision approach)
Surveillance



Slide 16
Mode S: transponder that allows civil ATC to selectively
interrogate aircraft
Automatic dependent surveillance - Contract (ADS-C):
Aircraft position reporting to oceanic ATC via data link
(formerly referred to as ADS-Addressed (ADS-A)
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS): Provides
aural and visual warning of potential collision with another
aircraft and resolution advisories
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Global CNS/ATM Timeline
(Based on Civil Aviation Regions)
NAS
ATLANTIC
EUROPE
PACIFIC
2005 RVSM
2001 RVSM (WATRS)
1998 BRNAV (RNP-5)
1998 RNP-10
2009 FDR
2002 RVSM (NAT)
1999 8.33 kHz VHF (FL245)
2000 RVSM (Oceanic)
2011 FutureComm
2008 RNP-4
2001 FM Immunity
2002 RVSM (Asia)
2012+ ADS-B
2015 FANS 1/A (AFN,
CPDLC, ADS-C)
2002 RVSM
2005 RNP-4
2004-10 PRNAV
2005 30/30 Separation
FANS 1/A (CPDLC,
ADS-C, AFN, RNP-4)
2004-15 RNP-2
2010-15 RNP-1
RNAV (terminal)
2005 ACAS II (Transports)
2006 8.33 kHz VHF (FL195)
2009 Mode S with ELS
Acronym Glossary:
ACAS: Airborne Collision Avoidance System
ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract
ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
AFN: Air Traffic Services (ATS) Facilities Notification
ATN: Aeronautical Telecommunication Network
BRNAV: Basic Area Navigation
CPDLC: Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
ELS: Elementary Surveillance
EHS: Enhanced Surveillance
FANS 1/A: Future Air Navigation System
FDR: Flight Data Recorder (Data Link Messages)
Mode S: Mode Select
NAT: North Atlantic
PRNAV: Precision Area Navigation
RNP: Required Navigation Performance in nautical miles
RVSM: Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
VDL: Very High Frequency Data Link
VHF: Very High Frequency
WATRS: West Atlantic Route System
Slide 17
2012+ ADS-B
2009 Mode S with EHS
2010-14 ATN/ VDL-2 or
FANS 1/A+/VDL-2
2010-15 RNP-1 RNAV
(terminal)
2012+ – ADS-B
MIDDLE EAST
2003 RVSM
Current as of 18 Mar 07
Integrity - Service - Excellence
IMPLEMENTATION DATE
Mandate In Effect
Mandate Pending
INFLUENCING THE FUTURE

Near-term CNS/ATM requirements are basically set


Far-term requirements are still evolving and there is
opportunity to influence them


Options are to comply, negotiate accommodation, or live
with the impact of non-compliance
Be proactive rather than reactive
Air Force representatives participate in numerous
civil aviation forums


Slide 18
Tracking potential future requirements
Ensuring Air Force interests and concerns are represented
Integrity - Service - Excellence
AF PARTICIPATION IN CIVIL
AVIATION FORUMS
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FAA Oceanic Working Group (OWG)
NAT FANS Implementation Group (FIG)
Informal Pacific ATC Coordinating Group (IPACG) & Informal South
Pacific ATS Coordinating Group (ISPACG)
RTCA, Inc.
 Free Flight Steering Committee, Free Flight Select Committee,
Policy Board, Program Management Committee, SC-147, SC-159,
SC-186, SC-194, SC-189, SC-203, SC-209…..
FAA Performance-Based Operations Aviation Rulemaking Committee
(PARC)
EUROCAE Mode S & ADS-B Standards Committees
EUROCONTROL Airspace and Navigation Team, Civil-Military
Interface Standing Committee, Airborne Infrastructure and Airborne
Monitoring
ICAO RVSM Implementation Task Force, Mode S & TCAS Committees
Slide 19
Integrity - Service - Excellence
AGENCIES INVOLVED

HQ USAF Directorate of Operational Capability
Requirements (AF/A5R)

HQ USAF Directorate of Operations and Training
(AF/A3O)

Air Force Flight Standards Agency (AFFSA)

AMC Directorate of Operations (AMC/A3) and
Directorate of Plans and Programs (AMC/A5)

US Air Forces in Europe Directorate of Operations
(USAFE/A3)

Air Force Electronic Systems Center (ESC)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Slide 20
Integrity - Service - Excellence
853d Electronic Systems Group
Global Air Traffic Management
(GATM) Division 101
853 ELSG/NT
Prepared By: Capt Ben Brandt
853 ELSG/NT
Electronic Systems Center
Hanscom AFB, MA
20 Mar 07
Slide 21
Integrity - Service - Excellence
ESC 07-0402
ORGANIZATION CHART
653d Electronic Systems Wing
(653 ELSW)
853d Electronic Systems
Group (853 ELSG)
Mobility Platforms
Combat Platforms
853 ELSG/NT
Strategic Technologies
Business Operations
Slide 22
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Engineering
Hanscom AFB, MA
Electronic Systems Center (ESC)
853d Electronic Systems
Group (853 ELSG)
= Group
Global Air Traffic
Systems Group
= Squadron
= Division
Col Lum
Mobile Landing
Systems Div
• JPALS
• ATCALS-Development
• MACS
• AFTERPS-R
GATM Div
Div Ch: Mr. Farnsworth
•
•
•
•
Div Ch: Lt Col Harrington
• Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System
• Terrain Awareness and Warning System
• Satellite Comm
• Comm Mgt Unit
• High Freq Data Link
• Multi-Mode Receiver
Digital Airport Surveillance Radar
DoD Advanced Automation System
Voice Communications Switching System
Airfield Automation System
Adv Systems & Tech
Div
FMS Div
Div Ch: Mr. Schultz
• Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Egypt, Oman,
Poland, Taiwan
• 17 Total Cases, $192M in CY05
• Potentially 11 new cases ($171M) in
CY06
Div Ch: Mr. Boheim
Mr. Kelley
NAS Div
Div Ch: Mr. Lekberg
Ops Mgt Div
Div Ch: Mr. St Sauveur



Contracting Div
Div Ch: Mr. Leeds
Slide 23
Engineering Div
Global CONOPS Synchronization
Next Generation Air Transportation System
Small Business Innovative Research
Div Ch: Lt Vu
• Training
• Resource Management
• Information Systems Mgt
Financial Mgt Div
Div Ch: Ms. Juralewicz
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
853 ELSG/NT Organizational Chart
Administrative Specialist
Ms. DiMaio
CNS/ATM IPT Chief
Lt Col Harrington
Deputy Chief
Capt Brandt
Contracting
Mr. Fox
Chief Engineer
Mr. Morris
Chief, Business OPS
Capt Maddox
Comm Technical Lead
Ms. Heinke
*
Nav Technical Lead
Mr. Irwin
*
*
Surv Technical Lead
Dr. Thedford
Financial Team
Ms. Picanso
Chief, GATM-CAF Branch
Capt Andrews
Chief, GATM-MAF Branch
Mr. Hogarty
Chief, GATM Strat Tech Br.
Capt Kruger
*Engineering staff matrixed to CAF, MAF, Strat Tech and Biz Ops branches
Slide 24
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
Engineering Activities





Define/maintain USAF CNS/ATM requirements and support SPOs
with tailoring requirements for specific aircraft
Support SPOs for of CNS/ATM implementation - contract award,
design, development and test
Conduct CNS/ATM performance assessments for SPOs prerequisite for airworthiness certification
Support 853 ELSG/NT business operations for ID/IQ catalog contract award, technical refresh and service bulletins
Participate in civil aviation forums, ensuring USAF interests and
concerns are represented, examples:

Airline Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC)

FAA Oceanic Working Group (OWG) and Performance-Based Aviation
Rulemaking Committee (PARC)
 Informal Pacific ATC Coordinating Group (IPACG)
 RTCA, Free Flight Steering Committee, SC-159, SC-186, SC-194..
 EUROCONTROL, e.g. MILT
Slide 25
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
Strategic Technologies

Cross-cutting Efforts within 853 ELSG/NT
 Navigation Data Chain (A/W/E & DAFIF Database)
 Track/Interpret CNS/ATM Mandates
 ICAO, FAA, EUROCONTROL etc.
 Requirements put into Generic Performance Matrix
(GPM) Format for Platform Use
 Develop and Monitor Studies
 UAS operations in civil airspace
 Joint Tactical Radio System Center of Excellence for
ATC Waveforms

Strategic Projection of Airspace Requirements and
Certification (SPARC) software Tool
Slide 26
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
Navigation Data Certification
Data
Originator
Host State
Compilation &
Distribution
Database
Provider
A/C Unique
DB Provider
NGA
(DAFIF)
Platform Specific
Processing &
Packing
DTD
Aircraft
Avionics
(FMS’ & GPS/
RNAV)
PCMCIA
& DR-200
Pilot &
Navigator Ops
( Excluding Pilot & Navigator Ops)
CNS/ATM IPT Responsibilities:
Slide 27

Requirements Matrices  Certification

Certification Plan

Audits

Aircraft Performance
Assessment
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
Platform Support Branches

Divided into Mobility (AMC, AFSOC) and Combat (ACC) for
focused Customer Support of SPOs and User

Program Management arm of 853 ELSG/NT

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
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

Slide 28
Assist in GPM “Tailoring” to Platform Specific Requirements based on
airspace requirements, mission, and/or architecture
Maintain knowledge of platform’s CNS/ATM implementation & schedule
Educate aircraft program offices on CNS/ATM avionics system
performance specifications and support source selection process
Create IPTs to accomplish CNS/ATM performance assessments in
conjunction with the aircraft airworthiness certification process
Manage resources in accordance with CNS/ATM charter and inform
aircraft program offices when tasks are beyond CNS/ATM scope
Attend CNS/ATM related meetings for & with aircraft program office
Ensure aircraft CNS/ATM implementation meets required performance
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Who Are We and What Do We Do?
Business Operations

Indefinite Delivery / Indefinite Quantity (ID/IQ)


iGATM (https://igatm.hanscom.af.mil)


Electronic Ordering System for CNS equipment
Long-term Lifecycle Product Support



TCAS, Mode S, TAWS, CMU, SATCOM, MMR, MFD, MCDU,
Printers, Data Loaders, FDR, CVR, ELT, EFB, WXR, FMS/C,
DADC, Digital Altimeters, ATC VHF Voice Radio, VDR, ILS, EGI,
INS, AP/FD, ELT Test Equipment
Warranties
Technical Refresh
Awarded 12 ID/IQ Contracts in Feb 2006

CNS/ATM I: 25 Product Lines


Slide 29
All Encompassing CNS/ATM avionics catalog
Recompete of GATM II, III and IV – Now all expired
Integrity - Service - Excellence
CNS/ATM CHALLENGES

Synchronizing with ICAO capabilities roadmaps

Military unique requirements

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

Emitter “on/off” capability
IFF transponders
Communications security
Desire for anonymous operation
Integrating CNS/ATM functions into highly integrated
architectures on small, complex aircraft

Mil-unique solutions like JTRS

Need to integrate CNS/ATM Capabilities with C2ISR

Timing and funding for technology transition
Slide 30
Integrity - Service - Excellence
SPARC

Strategic Projection of Airspace
Requirements and Certification (SPARC)
software Tool



Research Worldwide CNS/ATM Requirements from
your Computer
Select Route of Flight and View CNS/ATM
Mandates along selected route and various time
frames
MAJOR Update to Requirements Database – Jan
2007
Not All Civil Requirements are Air Force
Requirements – Check with your MAJCOM!
Slide 31
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SPARC OVERVIEW
Slide 32
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SPARC ROUTE SELECTION
Slide 33
Integrity - Service - Excellence
ROUTE SUMMARY: 2002
Slide 34
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ROUTE SUMMARY: 2005
Slide 35
Integrity - Service - Excellence
GET SPARC

Slide 36
Register for an account online at
http://sparc.titan.com/support/register
Integrity - Service - Excellence
QUESTIONS?
Questions or Problems with SPARC
Can Be Directed to:
Ms. Pam DiMaio
Administrative Assistant
Via Email at:
pamela.dimaio@hanscom.af.mil
Slide 37
Integrity - Service - Excellence
POINTS OF CONTACT

Combat Air Forces Branch Chief


Mobility Air Forces Branch Chief


Mr. Michael Hogarty – ext. 8669
Strategic Technologies Branch Chief


Capt Sounder Andrews – ext. 4438
Capt Jeremy Kruger – ext. 9384
Business Operations Branch Chief

Capt Patrick Maddox – ext. 9031
853 ELSG/NT Main Number – ext. 3090
DSN 478-XXXX / Commercial 781-377-XXXX
Slide 38
Integrity - Service - Excellence