conflict model (p. 5)
An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by
criminal sanctions.
burglary (p. 7)
A criminal justice model in which the majority of
citizens in a society share the same values and beliefs.
assault (p. 7)
A criminal justice model in which the content of
criminal law is determined by the groups that hold
economic, political, and social power in a community.
crime (p. 4)
Behavior that is considered to go against the norms
established by society.
murder (p. 7)
deviance (p. 6)
consensus model (p. 5)
The unlawful killing of one human being by another.
Forced or coerced sexual intercourse (or other sexual
acts).
A threat or attempt to do violence to another person
that causes that person to fear immediate physical
harm.
sexual assault (p. 7)
The act of physically contacting another person with
the intent to do harm, even if the resulting injury is
insubstantial.
robbery (p. 7)
The act of taking property from another person
through force, threat of force, or intimidation.
larceny (p. 7)
The act of taking property from another person
without the use of force with the intent of keeping that
property.
battery (p. 7)
The act of breaking into or entering a structure (such
as a home or office) without permission for the
purpose of committing a crime.
Behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to
shared social values, customs, and norms.
public order crime (p.7)
white-collar crime (p.8)
organized crime (p. 8)
criminal justice system (p. 9)
Nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals
to gain a personal or business advantage.
Illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the
market for illegal goods or services.
The interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts,
and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws.
federalism (p. 10)
A form of government in which a written constitution provides
for a division of powers between a central government and
several regional governments
discretion (p. 14)
The ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make
operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of
formal rules.
“wedding cake” model (p. 15)
civil rights (p. 17)
crime control model (p. 17)
due process model (p. 17)
A wedding cake-shaped model that explains how different cases
receive different treatment in the criminal justice system.
The personal rights and protections guaranteed by the
Constitution, particularly the Bill of Rights.
A criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the
right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals.
A criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the
right of the individual to be protected from the power of the
government.
The use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives.
terrorism (p. 19)
homeland security (p. 19)
A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the
United States and reduce the country’s vulnerability to terrorism.