The End of the Nation-State
System?
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1648 to 1990s?
Nation-states are powerful, but
new actors?
• IGOs
• NGOs
• Individuals
• Sub-national groups
Globalization
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Nation-states have lost their
monopoly on:
• Violence
• Ideas
• Communications
• Wealth
War Today?
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Most wars are not nation-state wars
• Civil wars
• Ethno-nationalist wars
• Religious wars
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Traditionally, nation-states fund and
participate in these wars
Today nation-states sometimes
cooperate to try to end these wars
How do Nation-states
cooperate?
IGOs
Intergovernmental Organizations –
IGOs
League of Nations
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League of Nations Covenant
IGOs
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United Nations
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD,
the wealthy countries' club)
Group of Eight: University of Toronto Group of 8 Information Page,
(the richest nations' economic leadership forum)
Group of 77 (G-77, a meeting group of developing nations)
African Union (AU)
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
The Commonwealth (Britain and nations that were former colonies)
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Organization of Central
Asian states
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
European Union (EU)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Pacific Community (Pacific Island nations and territories)
United Nations
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United Nations home page
Secretary General’s home page (with reports, press releases
on UN actions)
Secretary General’s Report on UN goals and reform for the 21st
century: “In Larger Freedom”
Report of the Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on UN
Reform
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
International Labor Organization (ILO)
UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World International Property Organization WIPO (that protects
copyrights for patents, books, films, and software)
World Food Program (WFP)
UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
UN Documents, Organization,
Responsibilities
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UN Charter
UN Structure
UN Documents
UN General Assembly
UN Security Council
Secretary General
ICJ
Web cam (from 10th floor)
Collective Security
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Chapter Seven of the UN Charter
Article 39
 The Security Council shall determine the
existence of any threat to the peace, breach of
the peace, or act of aggression and shall make
recommendations, or decide what measures shall
be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42,
to maintain or restore international peace and
security.
Collective Security: Korean War 1950-53
Korea Still Divided
Chapter 6:
Pacific Settlement of Disputes
Post-World War II
 Ethnic conflict
 Religious conflict
 Bad borders
 Bad leaders
 Resource struggles
 Hyper-nationalism
Peacekeeping
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Chapter Six
UN Dept of Peacekeeping
Organization Chart
Map of current Ops
UNIFIL Map
UN PKO images
Buffer or Inter-positioning Mission
Border
DMZ
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UN
UN
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Peace Enforcement
Peacemaking
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Human Rights vs. Sovereignty
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Global Center for the
Responsibility to Protect
Peace Enforcement in Action
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UN Operation in
Somalia (UNOSOM)
Rwanda 1994
Bosnia 1991 (map reference)
Bosnia 1995
: Dayton Accords Aftermath
Lessons of Recent Ethno-nationalist
Conflict
Great Power
Consensus
Examples
 Libya 2011
 Syria 2013
IGO
Action