Unit 4 Test Multiple Choice
Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
1. Which sociologist below used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self
is the product of our social interactions with other people?
A)
George Herbert Mead
B)
Charles Horton Cooley
C)
Erving Goffman
D)
Jean Piaget
2. In which of Mead's stages of the self do children merely imitate the people around
them?
A)
the play stage
B)
the game stage
C)
the preparatory stage
D)
the sensorimotor stage
3. Which sociologist below was among the first to analyze the relationship between
symbol and socialization?
A)
George Herbert Mead
B)
Charles Horton Cooley
C)
Erving Goffman
D)
Sigmund Freud
4. Mead is best known for his theory of what?
A)
presentation of self
B)
cognitive development
C)
self
D)
impression management
5. Suppose a clerk tries to appear busier than he or she actually is when a supervisor
happens to be watching. Goffman would study this behavior from what approach?
A)
a functionalist approach
B)
a conflict approach
C)
a psychological approach
D)
an interactionist approach
6. stage in the development of thought processes?
A)
the sensorimotor stage
B)
the preoperational stage
C)
the concrete operational stage
D)
the formal operational stage
7. According to Jean Piaget, what is the key to development?
A)
social interaction
B)
intelligence
C)
personality
D)
the id
8. Assuming new social and occupational positions occasionally requires us to unlearn a
previous orientation. We refer to this process as what?
A)
anticipatory socialization
B)
socialization
C)
resocialization
D)
the life course
9. Which social institution is seen as the most important agent of socialization in the
United States, especially for children?
A)
the school
B)
the peer group
C)
the mass media
D)
the family
10
10. Members of the Amish community who stray too far from Amish mores may be
excommunicated and shunned by all other members of the community. What is this
practice of social control called?
A)
rumspringe
B)
meiding
C)
sanctioning
D)
a rite of passage
11. The belief that schools in this county foster competition through built-in systems of
rewards and punishment is an example of which sociological perspective?
A)
functionalist perspective
B)
conflict perspective
C)
interactionist perspective
D)
cognitive development perspective
12. Which of the following statements about peer groups is not true?
A)
Peer groups can ease the transition to adult responsibilities.
B)
Peers can be the source of harassment as well as support.
C)
Males are more likely to spend time with a single other male;
females are more likely to spend time in groups.
D)
Teenage males are less likely to develop strong emotional ties than
are females.
13. Research suggests that children spend how many minutes and/or hours per day
watching television?
A)
B)
C)
D)
0:44
0:39
5.5
2:46
14. Viewed from this sociological perspective, childcare costs are an especially serious
burden for lower-class families.
A)
functionalist perspective
B)
conflict perspective
C)
interactionist perspective
D)
cognitive development perspective
15. According to Goffman, the way students behave after receiving their exam grades is
an example of
A)
face-work.
B)
impression management.
C)
the dramaturgical approach.
D)
anticipatory socialization.
16. __________ is the term used by sociologists in referring to the process whereby
people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular
culture.
A)
Enculturation
B)
Socialization
C)
Personality formation
D)
Self-concept building
17. In everyday speech, the term _________ is used to refer to a person's typical patterns
of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.
A)
enculturation
B)
socialization
C)
self-concept
D)
personality
18. The Hollywood film Nell best illustrates which aspect of socialization?
A)
the impact of isolation
B)
the importance of a positive self-concept
C)
the looking-glass self
D)
the generalized other
19. __________ are gestures, objects, and/or words that form the basis of human
communication.
A)
Roles
B)
Statuses
C)
Symbols
D)
The looking-glass self
20. In what he called the play stage of socialization, George Herbert Mead asserted that
people mentally assume the perspectives of others, thereby enabling them to respond
from that imagined viewpoint. This process is referred to as
A)
role taking.
B)
the generalized other.
C)
the significant other.
D)
impression management.
21. You are at a singles' bar and a friend of yours is rejected by a woman when she
"comes on" to another person. Your friend turns to you and says, "There really isn't an
interesting person in this entire crowd." Erving Goffman would refer to your friend's
behavior as
A)
face-work.
B)
impression management.
C)
role taking.
D)
anticipatory socialization.
I22. n Daniel and Cheryl Albas's study of student interactions based on exam
performance (Sociology on Campus: Impression Management By Students), which type
of encounter offers sympathy, support and rationalization?
A)
Bomber-Bomber encounters
B)
Ace-Bombers encounters
C)
Ace-Ace encounters
D)
Both A and C
23. At age 15, Hispanic girls celebrate reaching womanhood with a ceremony called
quinceanera. This ceremony illustrates
A)
rites of passage.
B)
the generalized other.
C)
significant others.
D)
impression management.
24. Prisons, mental hospitals, and the military are all examples of
A)
general socialization.
B)
anticipatory socialization.
C)
degradation ceremonies.
D)
total institutions.
25. According to contemporary research (Social Policy and Socialization "Child Care
Around the World"),
A)
day care is physically damaging to children.
B)
day care adversely affects the socialization of children.
C)
good day care benefits children.
D)
none of the above