By Aspet Galestanian
05/08/2010
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Data is information that has been translated
into a form that is more convenient to move or
process.
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The terms information and knowledge are
frequently used for overlapping concepts. The
main difference is in the level of abstraction
being considered. Data is the lowest level of
abstraction, information is the next level, and
finally, knowledge is the highest level among
all three
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Data on its own carries no meaning. In order
for data to become information, it must be
interpreted and take on a meaning. For
example, the height of Mt. Everest is generally
considered as "data", a book on Mt. Everest
geological characteristics may be considered as
"information", and a report containing practical
information on the best way to reach Mt.
Everest's peak may be considered as
"knowledge".
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Most research projects need data in order to
answer a proposed research problem. The data
that need to be acquired, and the sources of
such data, must be identified as a matter of
utmost importance.
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is a broad field of study, but essentially is the
process of managing data as a resource that is
valuable to an organization or business.
Main Topics in Data management
 Data Modeling
 Data Warehousing
 Data Movement
 Database Administration
 Data Mining
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Data modeling is first creating a structure for
the data that you collect and use and then
organizing this data in a way that is easily
accessible and efficient to store and pull the
data for reports and analysis.
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Top-down
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Bottom-up:
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Semantic data modeling
Generic data modeling
Data Vault Modeling
Object-Relational Mapping
Object Role Modeling
Relational Model
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It’s technique to define the meaning of data
within the context of its interrelationships with
other data.
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A data warehouse is a repository of an
organization's electronically stored data. Data
warehouses are designed to facilitate reporting
and analysis
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Provides a common data model for all data of interest
regardless of the data's source.
Information in the data warehouse is under the control of
data warehouse users so that, even if the source system data
is purged over time, the information in the warehouse can
be stored safely for extended periods of time.
Because they are separate from operational systems , data
warehouses provide retrieval of data without slowing down
operational systems.
Data warehouses can work in conjunction with and, hence,
enhance the value of operational business applications,
notably Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
systems.
Data warehouses facilitate decision support system
applications such as trend reports
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Data warehouses are not the optimal
environment for unstructured data.
latency
High costs.
Data warehouses can get outdated relatively
quickly
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Data movement is the ability to move data
from one place to another.
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To access information from a database, you
need a database management system This is a
collection of programs that enables you to
enter, organize, and select data in a database.
A DBMS is a set of software program that
controls the organization, storage,
management, and retrieval of data in a
database.
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1960s Navigational DBMS
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1970s Relational DBMS
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End 1970s SQL DBMS
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1980s Object Oriented Databases
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DBMS Engine
Data Definition Subsystem
Data Manipulation Subsystem
Application Generation Subsystem
Data Administration Subsystem
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Relational Database Management Systems
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Network Database Management Systems
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Hierarchical Database Management Systems
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Database Development
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Database Interrogation
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Database Maintenance
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Application Development
Advantages:
 Control of data redundancy, consistency,
abstraction, sharing
 Improved data integrity, security, enforcement
of standards and economy of scale.
 Balanced conflicting requirements
 Improved data accessibility, responsiveness,
maintenance
 Increase productivity, concurrency, backup
and recovery services.
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Complexity, size, cost of DBMSs
Higher impact of a failure
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Data mining is a process in which large
amounts of data are sifted through to show
trends, relationships, and patterns.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnL98lQ
dqa8
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http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/History-Of-The-DatabaseManagement-System/307676
http://math.hws.edu/vaughn/cpsc/343/2003/history.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system
http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data
http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm
http://www.earthresearch.com/data-importance.shtml