Tonight at 6 in the SHS Auditorium
Mexico
Spanish Conquest
• Conquistadors
• Hernán
– conquerors
Cortés
 Arrived in 1519 – approx. 500 soldiers
• Aztecs
 Montezuma – 25,000,000 just in the capital
 Advanced cities / warring nation
How were the Spanish able to conquer
that many Aztecs in such a short period
of time with so few Spaniards?
Do I
understand?
A
Article
about
Cortes
A
B
C
Article
about
Cortes
D
E
I get it
now!
I
thought…
A
A
Article
about
Cortes
A
A
A
He came
to the
Americas.
Paragraph A
was about…
A
Cortes did
this and
then that.
B
C
Article
about
Cortes
D
E
And
then he
died.
Look out for black holes!!!
Quetzalcoatl
•
light skin, red hair, and light eyes
•
Would come to earth during the end times
•
Would come by way of the sea
Spanish superiority
•
Weapons made of iron
•
Metal armor
•
Cannons
•
Ships
•
Horses
•
Disease
•
Captives from the Caribbean and neighboring
tribes
Tenochtitlan
Spanish Conquest Complete
Conquered Aztecs in 1521
Destroys Tenochtitlan
Current site of Mexico City
Essay Quiz
• How
were the Spanish able
to conquer the Aztecs in
such a short period of time
with such a small force?
It’s Complicated
Spain began to colonize…
Encomienda System was
created.
Haciendas – Large estates
owned by conquistadors and
worked by Indians.
Profits would benefit the land
owner and Spain in the form of
taxes.
Early Social Organization
• Peninsulares
 From Spain and moved to the
Americas
• Criollos
 Spanish ancestry born in Americas
• Mestizos
 Mixed blood
• Indians
Social Classes
• Very
few are Peninsulares
 Very wealthy and have all the
power and land.
• Most
people are Mestizos.
 They are poor and cannot own
land.
Road to Democracy
• 1808
- Napoleon (The French
emperor) took over Spain.
 This hurt allegiances with the mother
country.
• 1810
- Rebellion led by a Criollo
priest Miguel Hidalgo begins.
Independence?
• Hidalgo
issued his Grito de
Dolores, or “Cry of Dolores,” calling
for…
•
The end of Spanish rule
•
The redistribution of land
•
Racial equality.
• He
fails and is executed along with
other revolutionaries.
Independence
• Royalists
felt that independence
would bring them more power.
• On
August 24, 1821, they signed the
Treaty of Córdoba, which made
Mexico an independent
constitutional monarchy.
 This had an emperor, not a democracy.
Independence
• Less
rights were given to those
at the bottom of the social
system.
• Wealthy
Peninsulares still
owned all land and hold all
power.
Discuss with a partner
Did the
revolution of 1810
fix the issues in
Mexico?
Revolution
1910 – 1920
Mexican Revolution
1910 – 1920
• An
attempt to overthrow the
dictator, Porfirio Díaz
 He ruled from 1876 – 1911
 Made progress for the country
 Inequality still exists
•A
10 year civil war followed.
Pancho Villa
The result of the revolution
was a DEMOCRATIC republic
Oh… and lots of destruction.
Discuss with a partner
• Describe
the road to Democracy
for Mexico.
• How
does this path differ from
America’s path?
Mexico’s
Economy
Major Industries
1.
Oil
2.
Drug Trade
3.
Manufacturing
4.
Tourism
1. Oil
Oil industry
Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)
 A State owned company for decades
 Accounts for 1/3 of government revenue
 Focused on getting the easy to locate
reserves.
Mexico Oil Reform
Current President Pena Nieto
pushing for reform
 He wants to open the industry to
private investors.
 Foreign investors would bring the
kinds of technology needed to tap
the billions of unattainable oil in
the country.
“Mexico could make
North America the world
leader in oil production”
Impacts of privatizing
This would lead to competition
and cheaper oil!!!
Opens the door for U.S
investors
Could limit cash flow to the
Mexican government.
2. Drugs
Drug Trafficking
•
10 Billion dollar industry
•
Divisions among rival drug cartels leads to violence in
areas that overlap.
 47,515 had died in drug war violence between Dec. 1,
2006, and Sept. 11
•
Use of terrorism to maintain control
 Beheadings, car bombs, kidnappings
•
Government Corruption
 Those who oppose are threatened or assassinated
Drug Trafficking – Why
Mexico?
•
Weak local and State governments
•
Increased international success combating drug smuggling
in Colombia and the Caribbean
•
Increased drug consumption in Mexico
•
Ease of buying guns in the U.S and transporting them to
Mexico.
3. Manufacturing
NAFTA
• North American
Free Trade
Agreement
(NAFTA) 1993/1994
This lifted tariffs and trade
blocks between the U.S,
Canada, and Mexico.
Maquiladoras
• Assemble
products almost
exclusively for U.S.
• Spurred
economic growth along
U.S. border
• Employ
1,000,000+
• Changed
cities
appearance of northern
Tourism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g
GBANFMaUks
Quiz
L2 – 12pts
What were the four classes in Mexico’s early colonial period?
•
•
What is a Maquiladora?
•
What is NAFTA? How has it impacted the economy of Mexico and the
U.S?
•
How were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs so easily?
Geography of Mexico
Regions of Mexico
•
Heartland Region
•
Gulf Coastal Plain
•
Yucatán Peninsula
•
Northern Pacific Coast
•
Southern Pacific Coast
Northern Pacific
Coast
Gulf Coastal Plain
Heartland
Region
Yucatán Peninsula
Southern Pacific Coast
Northern Pacific Coast
•
Baja California
 Peninsula
•
Tijuana
•
Illegal Immigration
•
Maquilladoras
Southern Pacific Coast
•
Sierra Madre del Sur
•
Tourism
 Acapulco
 Puerto Vallarta
Acapulco
Gulf Coastal Plain
•
Fossil fuels
 Natural gas
 Oil
 On Gulf Coastal Plain
 Under Gulf of Mexico
•
Hurricane Zone
Yucatán Peninsula
•
Limestone bedrock
 Porous
 Creates caverns
 sinkholes
•
Mayans
 Their civilization spread
here
•
Tourism
 Cancún
Heartland Region
•
Plateau
 An area of high, flat land
•
Densely populated area
•
Mexico City
U.S vs. Mexico