Nursing Assessment:
Reproductive System
Chapter 51 Overview
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-1. Male reproductive tract.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System,
continued
• Testes
• Ducts
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-2. Seminiferous tubules, testis, epididymis, and ductus (vas) deferens in the male.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System,
continued
• Glands
• External genitalia
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Female Reproductive System
• Pelvic organs
• Ovaries
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-3. Female reproductive tract.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Female Reproductive System
• Pelvic organs, continued
• Fallopian tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
• Pelvis
• External genitalia
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-4. External female genitalia.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Female Reproductive System,
continued
• Breasts
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-5. The lactating female breast. A, Glandular structures are anchored to the overlying skin and the
pectoral muscle by suspensory ligaments of Cooper. Each lobule of glandular tissue is drained by a
lactiferous duct that eventually opens through the nipple. B, Anterior view of a lactating breast. In
nonlactating breasts, glandular tissue is less evident with adipose tissue comprising most of the breast.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems

Neuroendocrine Regulation of
Reproductive System
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-6. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Only the major pituitary hormone actions are depicted. FSH,
Follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; ICSH, interstitial cell–stimulating
hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Table 51-1. Gonadal Feedback Mechanisms.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Menarche
 Menstrual Cycle

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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-7. Events of the menstrual cycle. The various lines depict the changes in blood hormone levels, the
development of the follicles, and the changes in the endometrium during the cycle. FSH,
Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone.
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Structures and Functions of Male
and Female Reproductive Systems
Menopause
 Phases of Sexual Response

• Male sexual response
• Female sexual response
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Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on
Reproductive System and Sexual Response
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems

Subjective Data
• Important health information
• Past health history
• Medications
• Surgery or other treatments
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems

Subjective Data, continued
• Functional health patterns
• Health perception–health management
pattern
• Nutritional-metabolic pattern
• Elimination pattern
• Activity-exercise pattern
• Sleep-rest pattern
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems

Subjective Data
• Functional health patterns, continued
• Cognitive-perceptual pattern
• Self-perception–self-concept pattern
• Role-relationship pattern
• Sexuality-reproductive pattern
• Coping–stress tolerance pattern
• Value-belief pattern
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems

Objective Data
• Physical examination: male
• Pubis
• Penis
• Scrotum and testes
• Inguinal region and spermatic cord
• Anus and prostate
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems

Objective Data, continued
• Physical examination: female
• Breasts
• External genitalia
• Internal pelvic examination
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Assessment of Male and Female
Reproductive Systems
Fig. 51-8. Laparoscopic views of the female pelvis. A, Normal image. B, Pelvic inflammatory disease. Note
reddish inflammatory membrane covering and fixing the ovary and uterus to the surrounding structures.
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Diagnostic Studies of
Reproductive Systems

Urine Studies
• Pregnancy testing
• Hormone studies

Blood Studies
• Hormone studies
• Tumor markers
• Serology tests for syphilis
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Diagnostic Studies of
Reproductive Systems
Cultures and Smears
 Cytologic Studies
 Radiologic Studies

• Mammography
• Ultrasound
• Pelvic computed tomography and
magnetic resonance imaging
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