PHY 111T
Physics I, Theory
L T P C
3 1 - 3
1: INTERFERENCE: Interference: Conditions for sustained interference. Interference due to
(i) division of wave front ( Fresnel’s Biprism) and (ii) division of amplitude (Wedge shaped film,
Newton’s Rings). Michelson Interferometer and its application for the (i) determination of wave
length and (ii) resolution of closely spaced spectral lines.
2: DIFFRACTION: Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction. Fraunhofer diffraction through a single
slit. Diffraction pattern due to a Plane transmission diffraction grating, absent spectra. Dispersive
and Resolving Power. Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution.
3: POLARIZATION: Polarization as the violation of symmetry of light vibrations. . Uniaxial
crystals and the concept of double refraction. Nicol Prism, Quarter and half wave plates.
Polarimetry ; optical and specific rotation. Laurent’s half shade polarimeters.
4:
LAGRANGE’S
AND
HAMILTON’S
FORMULATIONS:
Constrained Motion,
Constraints and degree of freedom, Generalized Co-ordinates, D’Alembert’s Principle and
Lagrange’s Equations, Velocity Dependent Potentials and the Dissipation function, Hamilton’s
Principle, Some Techniques of the Calculus of Variations.
5: ELECTROMAGETIC WAVES: Gradient of Scalar field. Divergence and curl of a vector
field and their physical significance. Statement of Gauss divergence and Stokes theorems
(without proof). Law of conservation of charge (continuity equation). Basic laws of
electromagnetic fields (differential and integral forms), concept of displacement current.
Maxwell’s Equations in free space and conducting medium. EM –Waves and their transverse
nature. Poynting vector. Conservation of electro-magnetic field energy (Poynting Theorem).
6:STATISTICAL MECHANICS: Statistical Distributions, Maxwell Boltzmann Statistics,
Molecular Energies in an ideal gas, Quantum Statistics, Rayleigh-Jeans and Planks Formula.
Free electrons in a metal. Electron energy distribution.
7:SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY : Michelson’s-Morley experiment and the concept
of ether (medium). Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz
space-time
transformations and its consequences ( length contraction and Time dilation). Addition of
velocities. Variation of mass with energy. Mass-energy equivalence.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics-D.J.Griffith, 3rd Edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, 1999.
2. Solid State Physics – S.O. Pillai, Revised Sixth Edition, New Age Int.(P) Ltd. Pub., 2005.
3. Modern Physics for Engineers- S.P.Taneja, R.Chand & Co. Publishers, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2009
4. Classical Mechanics- Herbert Golstien, Narosa Publishing House, 2nd Edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.Fundamentals of Physics – David Halliday, Robert Resnik and K S Krane, 5th Edition, Wiley
India, Reprint, 2011.
2.Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, Sixth Edition, TMH Publication.
3.Quantum Mechanics Theory and Applications,
A Ghatak & S Lokanathan, Macmillan
Publishers India Limited, 2010.
4.Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition, 2010.
REFERENCE WEB SITES
www.hyperphysics.com
www.wikipediaphysics.com
PHY 111P- PHYSICS-I PRACTICAL
L T P C
As per BU Physics Lab Manual
-
-
2 1
PHY 112T
Physics II, Theory
L T P C
3 1 - 3
1: QUANTUM PHYSICS: Difficulties with Classical physics, Black Body radiations
Discovery of Planck’s constant, Introduction to quantum mechanics-simple concepts. Wave
packet representation of quantum particle, phase velocity and group velocity. Schrodinger wave
equations-time dependent and time independent, Concept of stationary states, particle in a onedimensional box.
2: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE: Amorphous and crystalline solids. Space lattice, unit cell and
translation vector, Miller indices, X-ray diffraction (Bragg Law), Laue’s treatment to Bragg’s
law, powder method, Scattered Wave Amplitude; Fourier Analysis, Inverse Fourier Series,
Reciprocal Lattice Vector, Diffraction Conditions, Laue Equations.
3: FREE ELECTRON THEORY: Elements of classical free electron theory and its limitations.
Drude’s theory of conduction, quantum theory of free electrons. Fermi level, density of states.
Fermi-Dirac distribution function. Thermionic emission, Richardson’s equation.
4: BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS: Origin of energy bands, Kronig-Penny model (qualitative),
E-K diagrams, Brillouin Zones, concept of effective mass and holes. Classification of solids into
metals, semiconductors and insulators. Fermi energy and its variation with temperature. Hall
Effect and its applications.
5: PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY & PHOTOVOLTAICS: Photoconductivity in insulating crystal,
variation of photoconductivity with illumination, traps and their effect on photoconductivity,
photodiodes, light emitting diodes, photo voltaic process and photovoltaics cells ( solar cell and
its characteristics).
6: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: Atomic magnetic moments, orbital
diamagnetism, Larmor’s theorem and Langevin’s theory of diamagnetism. Classical theory of
paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, molecular fields and domain hypothesis.
7:SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: Introduction to superconductivity (definition and experimental
survey). Meissner effect, London’s equation and theoretical basis for Meissner effect. Types of
superconductors, BCS theory, Josephson Superconductor Tunneling; AC Josephson effect, DC
Josephson effect, Macroscopic Quantum Interference.
8: NANO-SCIENCE: Features of nano-systems, concept of quantum size effect, Quantum well,
wire and dots.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Solid State Physics, S O Pillai, Revised Sixth Edition, New Age Int (P) Ltd. Pub., 2005
2. Modern Physics for Engineers- S.P.Taneja, R.Chand & Co. Publishers, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2009
3. Engineering Physics, Satya Prakash, Pragati Prakashan, 2010
4. Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition, 2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.Introduction to Solid State Physics, C Kittel, 7th Edition, John Wiley, India.
2.Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, Sixth Edition, TMH Publication
3.Quantum Mechanics Theory and Applications, A Ghatak & S Lokanathan, Macmillan
Publishers India Limited, 2010.
4.Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition, 2010.
Reference Web Sites
www.hyperphysics.com
www.wikipediaphysics.com
PHY 111P- PHYSICS-II PRACTICAL
L T P C
As per BU Physics Lab Manual
-
-
2 1
Bahra University, Shimla Hills, Waknaghat, Solan H.P
List of Experiments in Engineering Physics Lab
Branches: Common to All B Tech Branches.
Experiment-1 To Find the Refractive Index and Cauchy’s Constants of a Prism by using Spectrometer.
Experiment-2 To Find the Wavelength of Sodium light by Newton’s Rings Experiment.
Experiment-3 To Calculate the Wavelength of Laser Beam.
Experiment-4 To Study the diffraction using laser beam and hence determine the grating
element of the given grating.
Experiment-5 To Find the Wavelength of various Colours of white light with the help of a plane
transmission diffraction grating.
Experiment-6 To Determine the
(i)Value of g by a Bar Pendulum.
(ii)Radius of Gyration and the Moment of Inertia of the Pendulum.
Experiment-7 To Study the Magnetic Susceptibility of FeCl3 by Quink’s method.
Experiment-8 To determine the frequency of AC Mains using an Electric Vibrator Transverse
arrangement.
Experiment-9 To Study the Variation of Magnetic Field along the Axis of a Circular Coil Carrying
Current and estimate the Radius of Coil.
Experiment-10 To find the dielectric constant and atomic polarizability of a dielectric material.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY, WAKNAGHAT, SOLAN, HIMACHAL PRADESH
FIRST SEMESTER 2013 -2014
Course Code
Course Title
:PHY 111T
: Physics-I Theory
1.
Scope & Objective: The study of Subject matter related to Light, Mechanics and
Electromagnetic waves is presented for the I semester B Tech students of all the Branches.
2.
Course Description: The present course deals with the study of light as well as
Mechanics. Interference, Diffraction, Polarization are the topics those deals with the study of
light. Then in the next portion of the syllabus the Classical Mechanics, Electromagnetic Waves,
Statistical Mechanics and Special Theory of Relativity is discussed for the B Tech Students of I
year, in the I semester.
Text Book:
TB1. Introduction to Electrodynamics-D.J.Griffith, 3rd Edition, PHI Learning Private Limited,
1999.
TB2. Solid State Physics – S.O. Pillai, Revised Sixth Edition, New Age Int.(P) Ltd. Pub., 2005.
TB3. Modern Physics for Engineers- S.P.Taneja, R.Chand & Co. Publishers, New Delhi, 3rd
Edition, 2009
TB4. Classical Mechanics- Herbert Golstien, Narosa Publishing House, 2nd Edition.
Reference Book:
RB1.Fundamentals of Physics – David Halliday, Robert Resnik and K S Krane, 5th Edition,
Wiley India, Reprint, 2011.
RB2. Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, Sixth Edition, TMH Publication.
RB3.Quantum Mechanics Theory and Applications, A Ghatak & S Lokanathan, Macmillan
Publishers India Limited, 2010.
RB4.Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition,
2010.
3. Lecture Plan/Course Plan:
Lecture
Learning
Topics to be covered
Chapter/Secti
Number Objectives
on
1-2(2)
Interference
Interference: Conditions for sustained interference.
TB3 1.1-1.6
3-5 (3)
Interference
Interference due to (i) division of wave front TB3
(Fresnel’s Biprism) and (ii) division of amplitude 1.7(brief), 1.8,
(Wedge shaped film, Newton’s Rings).
1.11
6-7 (2)
Interference
Michelson Interferometer and its application for the TB3 1.12
(i) determination of wave length and (ii) resolution
of closely spaced spectral lines.
8-9 (2)
Diffraction
10-13
(4)
Diffraction
14-16
(3)
Polarization
17-18
(2)
Polarization
19-21
(3)
2225(4)
26-28(3)
29-32
(4)
33-37
(5)
38-39
(2)
40-42
(3)
Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction. Fraunhofer TB3 2.1-2.4
diffraction through a single slit.
Diffraction pattern due to a Plane transmission TB3 2.5-2.11
diffraction grating, absent spectra. Dispersive and
Resolving Power. Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution
Polarization as the violation of symmetry of light TB3 3.1-3.9
vibrations. Uniaxial crystals and the concept of
double refraction. Nicol Prism.
Quarter and half wave plates. Polarimetry; optical TB3
3.11,
and specific rotation.
Laurent’s half shade 3.14.1
polarimeters.
Lagrange’s and Constrained Motion, Constraints and degree of TB4 1.2, 1.3
Hamilton’s
freedom, Generalized Co-ordinates.
Formulations
Lagrange’s and D’Alembert’s Principle and Lagrange’s Equations, TB4 1.4, 1.5,
Hamilton’s
Velocity Dependent Potentials and the Dissipation 2.1, 2.2
Formulations
function, Hamilton’s Principle, Some Techniques of
the Calculus of Variations.
Electromagnetic Gradient of Scalar field. Divergence and curl of a TB3
Waves
vector field and their physical significance. 7.1(7.1.1Statement of Gauss divergence and Stokes theorems 7.1.3), 7.5
(without proof). Law of conservation of charge TB1
(continuity equation).
1.3.4-1.3.5
Electromagnetic Basic laws of electromagnetic fields (differential and TB3 7.7, 7.8.
Waves
integral forms), concept of displacement current. 7.9, 7.10,7.11
Maxwell’s Equations in free space and conducting
medium. EM –Waves and their transverse nature.
Poynting vector. Conservation of electro-magnetic
field energy (Poynting Theorem).
Statistical
Statistical Distributions, Maxwell Boltzmann RB2 9.1 to
Mechanics
Statistics, Molecular Energies in an ideal gas, 9.6 and 9.9
Quantum Statistics, Rayleigh-Jeans and Planks
Formula. Free electrons in a metal. Electron energy
distribution.
Special Theory Michelson’s-Morley experiment and the concept of TB3 9.1-9.6
of Relativity
ether (medium). Postulates of Special Theory of
Relativity.
Special Theory Lorentz space-time transformations and its TB3 9.7-9.10
of Relativity
consequences (length contraction and Time
dilation). Addition of velocities. Variation of mass
with energy. Mass-energy equivalence.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY, WAKNAGHAT, SOLAN, HIMACHAL PRADESH
SECOND SEMESTER 2013 -2014
Course Code
Course Title
:PHY 112T
: Physics-II Theory
1.
Scope & Objective: The study of Subject matter related to Light, Mechanics and
Electromagnetic waves is presented for the I semester B Tech students of all the
Branches.
2.
Course Description: The present course deals with the study of light as well as
Mechanics. Interference, Diffraction, Polarization are the topics those deals with the
study of light. Then in the next portion of the syllabus the Classical Mechanics,
Electromagnetic Waves, Statistical Mechanics and Special Theory of Relativity is
discussed for the B Tech Students of I year, in the I semester.
Text Books:
TB1.Solid State Physics, S O Pillai, Revised Sixth Edition, New Age Int (P) Ltd. Pub., 2005
TB2.Modern Physics for Engineers- S.P.Taneja, R.Chand & Co. Publishers, New Delhi, 3rd
Edition, 2009
TB3.Engineering Physics, Satya Prakash, Pragati Prakashan, 2010
TB4.Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition,
2010.
Reference Books:
RB1.Introduction to Solid State Physics, C Kittel, 7th Edition, John Wiley, India.
RB2.Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, Sixth Edition, TMH Publication
RB3.Quantum Mechanics Theory and Applications, A Ghatak & S Lokanathan, Macmillan
Publishers India Limited, 2010.
RB4.Modern Engineering Physics- A.S.Vasudeva, S.Chand & Co. Publication ,LTD, 5th Edition,
2010.
3. Lecture Plan/Course Plan:
Lecture
Learning
Topics to be covered
Number
Objectives
1-2(2)
Quantum
Difficulties with Classical physics, Black Body
Physics
radiations Discovery of Planck’s constant, Introduction
to quantum mechanics-simple concepts.
3-4 (2)
Quantum
Wave packet representation of quantum particle, phase
Physics
velocity and group velocity.
5-6 (2)
Quantum
Schrodinger wave equations-time dependent and time
Chapter/Secti
on
TB2 4.1-4.4
TB2 4.7-4.8
TB2 6.1-6.3,
Physics
7-9 (3)
Crystal
Structure
10-11 (2)
Crystal
Structure
12-13 (2)
Free Electron
Theory
Free Electron
Theory
14-16 (3)
17-20 (4)
Band Theory
of Solids
21- 24(4)
Band Theory
of Solids
25-29(5)
Photoconductivi
ty
&
Photovoltaic
30-34 (5)
Magnetic
Properties
Solids
of
35-37 (3)
Superconducti
vity
39-40 (3)
Superconducti
vity
40-42 (3)
Nano-Science
independent, Concept of stationary states, particle in a
one-dimensional box.
Amorphous and crystalline solids. Space lattice, unit
cell and translation vector, Miller indices, X-ray
diffraction (Bragg Law), Laue’s treatment to Bragg’s
law, powder method.
Scattered Wave Amplitude; Fourier Analysis, Inverse
Fourier Series, Reciprocal Lattice Vector, Diffraction
Conditions, Laue Equations.
Elements of classical free electron theory and its
limitations. Drude’s theory of conduction,
Quantum theory of free electrons. Fermi level, density
of states. Fermi-Dirac distribution function.
Thermionic emission, Richardson’s equation
Origin of energy bands, Kronig-Penny model
(qualitative), E-K diagrams, Brillouin Zones, concept
of effective mass and holes.
Classification of solids into metals, semiconductors
and insulators. Fermi energy and its variation with
temperature. Hall Effect and its applications.
Photoconductivity in insulating crystal, variation of
photoconductivity with illumination, traps and their
effect on photoconductivity, photodiodes, light
emitting diodes, photo voltaic process and
photovoltaics cells ( solar cell and its characteristics).
Atomic magnetic moments, orbital diamagnetism,
Larmor’s theorem and Langevin’s theory of
diamagnetism. Classical theory of paramagnetism,
ferromagnetism, molecular fields and domain
hypothesis
Introduction to superconductivity (definition and
experimental survey). Meissner effect, London’s
equation and theoretical basis for Meissner effect.
Types of superconductors
BCS theory, Josephson Superconductor Tunneling; AC
Josephson effect, DC Josephson effect, Macroscopic
Quantum Interference
Features of nano-systems, concept of quantum size
effect, Quantum well, wire and dots
6.10
TB2 1.1-1.8
TB2 2.9-2.11
RB1
TB2 7.1-7.3
TB2 7.6-7.10
TB2 8.1-8.7
TB2 8.8-8.11,
8.14
TB2 9.1-9.10
TB2
10.9
10.1-
TB211.111.5
RB2
LECTURE
NOTES