IBM Systems and Technology Group
IBM System Storage Introduction
© 2009 IBM Corporation
This document is for IBM and IBM Business Partner use only. It is not intended for customer distribution or use with customers.
IBM Systems and Technology Group
Agenda
 Class Objectives
 Administration
 Introductions
 Test Profile
 Course Agenda
 Course Structure
 Primer – Storage basics
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Class Objectives
 Understand the IT and storage environment today
 Define the solutions, the storage strategy and the
unique value add of IBM storage to meet customer
needs
 Learn the product features and functions both
hardware and software
 Position the storage products within the product family
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Class Objectives
 Understand the key competition’s products and
strategies.
 Identify IBM Systems Storage opportunities in the
marketplace
 Recognize key selling strategies in the storage
marketplace
 Learn IBM System Storage products, solutions, and
strategies to prepare for the IBM Certification Test 200
IBM Storage Sales
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Class Administration
 Schedule
 Materials
 Facilities
 Introductions
 Roster
 Evaluations
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Student Introduction
 Here’s what we like to know:
– Name
– Company
– Location
– What is your role?
– How much experience with IBM System Storage?
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Test Objectives
Section 1 – Gathering customer requirements
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Qualify the customer by confirming their expectations, identifying their decision
making process, and ascertaining their compelling reason (s) to act.

Determine financial justification for system acquisition (TCA, TCO, ROI, customer
budget, business goals).
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Determine customer's growth requirements, upgradeability, and useful product life
(current and future performance and capacity).
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Identify and describe business requirements that can be met by IBM Storage
capabilities and technologies (i.e. - energy efficiency, floor space).
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Gathering application types, capacity in use, mixed loads, and requirements (at a
high level).

Conceptual level understand existing systems environment.

Describe Information Infrastructure CARS (Compliance, Availability, Retention, and
Security)
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Test Objectives
Section 2 – Value proposition

Quantify the business value of (i.e. – SVC, 3000, 4000, 5000, N Series, XIV,
8000, networking and tape) features and functions for a new or existing
customer at a conceptual level.

Compare with existing and competitive offerings and relate a architectural
advantages.
Section 3. Systems Management

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Describe the business value of tools and techniques
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Describe management tools and resources (i.e. – Storage Manager, TPC,
IBM Systems Director, Tivoli)
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Use of sales tools (i.e. – Ideas International, TCO Now)

Relate system management tools and techniques to customer environment

Compare with existing and competitive tools and techniques
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Test Objectives
Section 4 - Dynamic infrastructure
 Describe business value of Business Resilience, Energy Efficiency,
Information Infrastructure, Service Management, and Virtualization and
Consolidation and relate to storage products and services.
 Identify and describe offerings to help customers reach their Dynamic
Infrastructure goals
 Identify opportunities and resources needed to develop and close
opportunities
Section 5 – Determine application solutions
 Recognize and discuss typical business solutions (i.e. – database, data
mining, data migration, unstructured data, VMware, XEN, Hyper V)
 Select mutually agreed solutions
 Develop balanced total solution not just single product
 High level description of storage options
 Very high level server traits (mainframe, Power, System x)
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Test Objectives
Section 6 – Create comprehensive solution
 Accurate high level hardware, software, and services to meet customer needs
 Discuss financing and warranty options
 Identify appropriate resources
 Create customer approved solution / proposal (presale)
 Describe the TDA and SAPR process
 Establish customer approved implementation and support team (post sale)
Section 7 – After sales ongoing activity
 Follow up custom satisfaction
 Explore solutions that were discussed but not included
 Develop new opportunities
 Maintain and expand customer relationship
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Agenda Day 1
 Introduction
 Information Storage Sales and Strategy
 IBM System Storage Product Overview
 IBM Disk Storage - Entry and Midrange
 IBM Disk Storage – Enterprise Systems
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Agenda Day 2
 IBM System Storage - N series
 IBM Archive and Data Retention Solutions
 IBM Tape Storage
 IBM System Storage – Data Center Networking
 IBM System Storage - Software
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Course Structure - Modules
 Topical Content
 Competition
 Module Review Questions – Answer Handout
 Additional Materials
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Primer - Storage Basics
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Basics
Fibre Channel ?
SAN Fabric?
What is a SAN ?
What is NAS ?
SAN and NAS Differentiating Factors
What is SATA?
What is SCSI?
What is RAID?
Advance Copy Services?
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Basic Hardware Terminology
Disks – “Spindles” – Each disk can handle a set number of I/Os per second
Fibre Channel Disks can spin at 15K RPM
Serial ATA (SATA) Disks spin at 7.2K RPM
SAS Disks (Serial attached SCSI) spin at 15K RPM
Disks available today:, 73, 146, 300,450 GB (15K RPM - FC)
300 GB (15K RPM - SAS)
1 TB (7.2K RPM – SATA)
JBOD – “Just a Bunch Of Disks” – No availability or performance benefit
*Old/most simplistic way of provisioning storage (like desktop computers)
*All I/O to 1 disk at a time
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Block I/O
Application
 In the beginning,
applications read and write
blocks of data
 Block = unit of I/O for SCSI
commands
Block I/O
 Fixed Block Architecture
– All blocks same size
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Block 0
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
Block 5
Block 6
Block 7
Block 8
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– Typically 512, 1024, 2048
or 4096 bytes in size
– Blocks numbered 0 to nnnn
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Partitioning
 Partitioning creates one
or more logical volumes
from a block device
Application
Block I/O
Block 0
Block 0
Block 1
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 2
Block 4
Block 5
Block Device
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– Logical blocks mapped to
physical blocks
 Each logical volume is
treated separately
– Block 0 to nnnn each
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Storage Protocol’s
 In the past:
– SCSI IO protocol commands over SCSI media (www.T10.org)
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Drawbacks to this design
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Distance
Scalability
 In the now:
– Encapsulate SCSI commands in a protocol’s frames / packets… But why? (www.T11.org)
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High speed / Longer Distances / Highly Scalable
SCSI Protocol Packet
SCSI
Protocol
SCSI
I/O commands
Data
1001101001101011101…..
Fibre Channel Protocol Packet
FCP
Protocol
SCSI
Data
1001101001101011101…..
I/O commands
iSCSI Protocol Packet
IP
Protocol
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SCSI
Data
1001101001101011101…..
I/O commands
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RAID Vocabulary
RAID – “Redundant Array of Independent Disks” – Method of formatting disks to achieve a
desired level of availability and/or performance
M
RAID 0 / JBOD stripe
Data striped
No parity protection
Improves performance (more spindles)
M
Parity
M
RAID 10 = 3+3
RAID 5 = 4+P
Data striped and mirrored
Mirrored pair protection
Best performance
Cost ineffective!
Data striped w/ parity
Cost effective
Good performance
Most popular implementation
Array – Group of disks formatted according to a certain RAID level
4+P
*Ex: 388 GB usable array
RAID 5
LUN – Logical Unit Number – (z/OS calls it a Unit Control Block –
UCB)Term for a logical disk – Storage that is actually seen by the
connecting server
*Ex: 100 GB LUN
4+P
*100 GB LUN/388 GB array
RAID 5
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What is Fibre Channel?
 A serial data transfer architecture developed by a
consortium of computer and mass storage device
manufacturers and now being standardized by ANSI.
 Serial computer bus intended for connecting highspeed storage devices to computers.
 Standard connection type for storage area networks
(SAN) in enterprise storage.
 Fibre Channel signaling can run on both twisted-pair
copper wire and fiber optic cables
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Optical VS Copper
Copper
Optical
10 Gbps
economical
Cable lengths under 30-100m
10 Gbps Max
expensive
SMF longwave up to10km
MMF shortwave up to 500m
LC Connectors; SFP
Modules
Less/not susceptible to EMI
Immune to electronic tapping
Lighter, thinner
more durable
Adapters generally UTP
HSSDC; HSSDC2
Connectors; SFP Module
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What Is Network Attached Storage (NAS)?
 Storage
appliance directly attached to IP networks:
Optimized
 File
for high performance
Serving services using file system protocols
Independent
 Heterogeneous
of multipurpose servers
environment independent of Server or Client File System platform
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Scales from GBs to TBs
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Preloaded file system that provides heterogeneous file sharing
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Installation software
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Dual, Redundant, Hot Swap Components
Data Protection Technology
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PFA, LPD, Alerts
Fault Tolerant Features
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Manage and Setup from remote location
Diagnostic software
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Requires minimum IT skills to maintain / install
Management software
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Windows (CIFS), UNIX (NFS), Web (HTTP), Novell, FTP,
AppleTalk, and so forth
Data Protection with RAID, and Backup to Disk and Tape
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Direct-Attached Storage (DAS) to Storage Area Networks (SAN)
System x
System x
System p
Needs storage
SAN
DS4200
DS4800
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DS4700
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Server’s PCI bus
Server-to-Storage Data Flow
CPU, Cache, PCI Bus, etc.
Host Bus Adapter
(HBA)
Gigabit Interface
Converter (GBIC)
Used to format data to
FibreChannel for transmission
via FC or FC-SAN
Converts electrical signals
to optical (FC)
*2 Gb version called SFP
(small-form factor pluggable)
SAN
8-port SAN Switch
Contains 8 GBICs
Any-to-any connectivity
Storage
Fibre Channel Cables
Optical cable
*Allows high-speed, longer distance
data transmission of SCSI traffic
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC)
Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
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Methods to increase availability
Redundant Components
HBAs, SANs, Paths, Controllers, Fans, Power Supplies, etc.
(With multipath/load balancing driver)
RAID arrays
Availability of arrays by allowing loss of physical disks
FlashCopy
Quick point-in-time copy of a logical volume
Ex. RAID-5
Can serve as backup; Reduce downtime (only secs)
Can be offloaded to tape afterwards
Copy
Remote Volume Mirroring
Metro Mirror
Global Mirror
Global Copy
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Data Backup and Restore – Copy Functions
 Backup and Restore is the most simple and basic solution to
protect and recover data from failure by creating another copy
of data from the production system
 Second copy of data allows to restore data to the time of the
data backup
– FlashCopy
– VolumeCopy
– Remote Mirror and Copy
– FlexVol and FlexClone
– Snap* services
– Volume Shadow Copy Services (VSS)
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FlashCopy overview
 The FlashCopy function enables point-in-time, full volume
copies of data, with the copies immediately available for read or
write access
– Use the copy with standard backup tools
 Benefits
– Point-in-time copy is immediately available for use for backups
– Minimal application downtime.
– Target volume is available for read and write processing so it can be used
for testing or backup purposes
 Background process copies data
 Time to complete depends on:
– The amount of data being copied
– The number of background copy
processes that are occurring
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VolumeCopy
 Firmware-based mechanism for replicating logical drive data
within a storage subsystem
– Designed as a system management tool
 Creates a complete physical replication of one logical drive
(source) to another (target)
– within the same storage subsystem
– exact copy or clone of the primary logical drive
 full point-in-time replication
– allows for analysis, mining, and testing without
degradation of primary logical drive performance
 Improves backup and restore operations
– Faster
– Eliminates I/O contention on primary logical drive
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Remote Mirror and Copy
 The remote Mirror and Copy feature is a hardware solution that enables the
mirroring of data from one site (the local site) and its associated volumes
(source volumes) to a second storage unit at another site (the recovery or
remote site) and its volumes (target volumes)
 Remote mirror and copy differs from FlashCopy®
– Source and target volumes can be on the same storage server or on separate
storage servers that are located at some distance from each other
– Remote mirror and copy does not capture the state of the source volume at
some point in time, but rather reflects all changes that were made on the
source volume to the target volume
 Modes of operation available:
– IBM System Storage Metro Mirror
– IBM System Storage Global Copy
– IBM System Storage Global Mirror
Note: Remote mirror and copy was referred to as Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC) in earlier
documentation for the IBM® System Storage® Enterprise Storage Server®. Currently, the
remote mirror and copy feature name is used generically for all methods of synchronous and
asynchronous methods.
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Metro Mirror
 Synchronous mirror updates
 All updates performed on the target volume before operation
completion is indicated.
 Metro Mirroring maximum distance of 300 km (186 mi)
 May have performance problems
 High Protection
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Global Copy
 Maintains remote mirror of data asynchronously
– Sends a periodic, incremental copy of updated tracks to the target volume
instead of a constant stream of updates
– "fuzzy" copy, no data consistency
• original order of updates is not strictly maintained
– All updates performed on target volume, but at a later time.
 Virtually unlimited distances between sites
– longer distance than is possible with Metro Mirror.
 High-performance
 Cost-effective
 Data migration
 Backup
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Global Mirror
 Provides a two-site extended distance remote copy option
for disaster recovery
– Based on existing Global Copy and FlashCopy
– Data that the host writes to the storage unit at the local site is
asynchronously shadowed to the storage unit at the remote site
– Consistent copy of the data is then automatically maintained on
the storage unit at the remote site
 Global Mirroring for distances greater that 300 km (186 mi)
 Or minimal performance impact
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Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)
 VSS is a storage management interface for Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
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enables storage array to interact with 3rd applications that use the VSS API.
VSS is included in the Windows Server 2003 installation
Falls under Tier 4 which is similar to products supporting FlashCopy services.
Used for a number of purposes such as:
• Creating consistent backups of open files and applications
• Creating shadow copies for shared folders
 Volume Shadow Copy service for ESS (ESS API)
– enables users to perform ESS FlashCopy Services through VSS.
– non-proprietary storage management client application that supports and enables Copy
Services such as FlashCopy with support for VSS.
 Volume Shadow Copy Service for DS8000/DS6000/DS4000
– Provide an integration with Microsoft VSS to produce consistent shadow copies
– Enables creation of full volume copies of data in a storage unit.
 Clone (Full Copy/Split Mirror) or Copy-on-Write (Differential Copy)
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Review questions
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What is NAS?
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Network Addressable System for sending encrypted messages
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Ability to attach storage systems to fiber channel networks
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Network Attached Storage attached via IP network processing file I/O
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Network Attached Storage attached via IP protocol processing block I/O records
How can we attach disk storage devices?
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FC, SAN Fabric, iSCSI, SCSI, and NAS.
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FC, GX bus, iSCSI, and NAS
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I/O towers, I/O drawers, RIO cables, and EXP enclosures
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All the above
What is SAN Fabric?
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The backplane that attaches the disk enclosures
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Switches, directors, and routers
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The software disk management program that performs replication
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Cabling to attach FC San devices
What types of disk drives are there?
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SCSI, SATA, and FC
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SATA, SAS, and FC
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FC, NAS, and SATA
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NAS, SCSI, and SAS
What is iSCSI?
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Attachment interface that is used for high speed block I/O applications
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Wireless protocol for disk tranmission
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Attachment interface that is used for low cost low speed applications using IP packets
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Internet Storage Connectivity System Interconnect
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IBM System Storage – Additional Information
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Write Anywhere File Layout (WAFL) – N series
 WAFL Performance
– Improves RAID performance by writing to multiple blocks in the same stripe
– Reduces seek time by writing blocks to locations that are near each other on disk
– WAFL reduces head-contention when reading large files by placing sequential
blocks in a file on a single disk in the RAID array
– Part of Data ONTAP™, the microkernel that ships with every IBM System Storage N
series storage system.
 A Snapshot copy is a locally retained point-in-time image of data
– Snapshot is a "frozen," read-only view of a WAFL volume that provides easy access
to old versions of files, directory hierarchies, and/or LUNs (logical unit numbers).
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Common Internet File System (CIFS) Basics
 CIFS Protocol
– Based on Microsoft’s Server Message Block (SMB), but
optimized for the internet
– Developed in early 1980s for DOS, Windows and OS/2
 CIFS Server
– “Stateful” – Server maintains history of clients connected
– Exported directories are known as “Shares”
 CIFS Client
– Files are locked from other clients while in use
– Other clients can attempt access “Read-Only”
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Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
RAID 1 – simple mirror
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Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Structure
Server
Host Bus Adapters
Server’s PCI Bus
GBICs (SFPs)
Best Practices:
Generally recommend 2 per server for 2 reasons:
Performance – Allows load balancing
Availability – Allows for failover if 1 HBA fails
Problem: However, because there are 2 paths now to every logical disk (maybe more in
some cases), the host now sees the SAME logical disk TWICE!
Solution: Servers use a multipath driver (software). This eliminates the “multipath”
issue and ensures the server only sees one logical disk. It provides path failover and in
some cases load balancing
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IBM Multipath Drivers
Subsystem Device Driver (SDD) - Driver-Supports DS6000, DS8000, SVC
Redundant Disk Array Controller (RDAC) – DS4000
Both are *Free-of-charge / *Downloadable off the IBM website
RDAC or SDD
Please note: Mainframe equivalent
Is within the OS as DPC,DPR,DLSE
Host server
SAN Fabric
LUN
LUN #1 (first view)
LUN #1 (second view)
Multiple paths  One LUN!
Storage
Other vendors – support additional multipath drivers check IBM’s interoperability matrices for support
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The need for Zoning and LUN Masking
Creating an any-to-any Heterogeneous SAN creates new challenges with
Security
File system corruption
pSeries
Best Practices and Design
Server gets a dedicated path and LUN
WorldWide Port Names (WWPNs)
Each HBA has a unique WWPN
Zoning
Zone’s are a group of ports that
create a path thru the SAN fabric
Storage Partition / Masking
Creates virtual RAID controllers
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