Prague Conference – March 2011
Criteria for Applications and Services within
the Internet of Things
Prof Anthony Furness
Technical Director, AIM UK
The views expressed are those of the author and to be considered by the
CASAGRAS2 (Coordination And Support Action for Global RFID-related Activities
and Standardisation) partners
The Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that is now attracting
attention across the world; yet there is still fuzziness as to what
it means
Definitions often contain rhetoric that may well fuel enthusiasm
and dreams of what might be achieved, but sadly without
adequate consideration of the form and functionality for the
concept that prompted the prediction
Fuzziness is leading to disparate, islands of developments and
applications, characterised by different understanding of what
constitutes the IoT
While they may be successful in there own right the differing
foundations diminish the potential for a globally harmonised
networked infrastructure for ‘things’
Too important to important to be left to fragmented development
The Internet of Things
Requires International Framework of Structure and
Governance based upon a clear statement of structure –
a structure that determines the nature of applications and
services that can be supported
Such a statement is must be based upon unequivocal
Imperatives -
 The existing and future Internet
 Interfacing with the Physical world objects
The Internet of Things – Imperatives
The Internet of Things is an integrated part of the Future Internet
So lets step back and look a little more at the Internet as an
electronic network of networks that packages application information
into packets and transmits them over communications media
between computers according to simple
Email – Web - Instant
Protocols for creating virtual
spaces of information
- SMTP – HTTP – IMAP
- TCP – UDP -
Protocol (IPv4, IPV6) for routing
packets of information across the
Internet between IP addressed
computers & servers
Protocols for encoding packets
onto communications media
IP
- Ethernet – PPP -
- CSMA – async - Wire – Fibre – Radio -
protocols or rules.
Internet Application, such as
world wide web
Protocols for exchanging
information between programs on
networked computers
Protocols for delivering packets in
local networks
Physical communications media
The Internet of Things – Imperatives
The Web – Application on the Internet
Page
Link
Hyper Text Mark-up Language (HTML)
name with URL (URI) Universal
Resource Locator to serve up page to
Internet as web page
Use URL (URI) Universal Resource
Locator through Internet Service
Provider to link with web site through
Internet
Email – Web - Instant
- SMTP – HTTP – IMAP
- TCP – UDP Domain name server (DNS) look-up
for IP addresses
IP
- Ethernet – PPP -
- CSMA – async - Wire – Fibre – Radio -
Network access
The Internet of Things – Imperatives
Internet linkage exploiting the Internet protocol stack
Servers and other computers, having
IP addresses as functional
constituents of the Internet
Email – Web - Instant
- SMTP – HTTP – IMAP
- TCP – UDP IP
- Ethernet – PPP -
- CSMA – async - Wire – Fibre – Radio -
End point , end-user computers,
having IP addresses as functional
constituents of the Internet
The Internet of Things – Imperatives
Internet linkage exploiting the Internet protocol stack and
interfacing / interaction with the physical world through
object-connected technologies
Servers and other computers, having
IP addresses as functional
constituents of the Internet
End point , end-user computers,
having IP addresses as functional
constituents of the Internet
Object-connected
entities without
embedded computers
Interfacing with the physical world
through object-connected devices
and interfaces eg bar codes and bar
code readers – part of the IoT
Extending the capabilities of the Internet
to serve the prospects for the Internet of
Things
Prospects for layering Application Areas –
accommodating legacy coding systems
New Domains
Internet of Services
Internet of Energy
Resolver coding
across the Internet
Internet of People
New layering prospects
for the Internet to
support IoT
New Types of Network
The Internet of Things – Internet and
Internet-independent prospects
Internet Independent
B
Object-connected
entities without
embedded computers
Embedded
prospective Endpoint
computers
Internet Connected
A
The Internet –
Endpoint
computers
C
Private computer
networks
Object-connected
entities without
E
embedded computers
D
Prospective Internet of Things is likely to embrace
A,B,C,D and E
and extend the ‘Edge’ Internet component
Scope and a case for new domains?
Scope and a case for an additional network of
networks?
To what extent will Internet
endpoint computers embrace
embedded, prospective
endpoint computers and
private networks?
The Internet of Things – Imperatives – The
CASAGRAS Inclusive Model
Further layers of Data Capture Technology
Actuators
ID + Additional
Item-attendant
data
Interrogator /
Gate way
device
Sensory data
carriers
Host Information
Management
System
Actuators
Interrogator /
Gate way
device
Networked data
carriers
Host Information
Management
System
Actuators
Interrogator /
Gate way device
Physical interface zone
Wider area
communications and
Networks
Host Information
Management
System
Internet +
The Internet of Things – The CASAGRAS
inclusive model
Internet Independent
Internet Connected
B
Object-connected
entities without
embedded computers
C
Embedded
prospective Endpoint
A
computers
D
Private computer
networks
CASAGRAS Inclusive
Model – Internet
independent
The Internet –
Endpoint
computers
Object-connected
entities without
E
embedded computers
CASAGRAS Inclusive
Model – Internet
connected
CASAGRAS Inclusive Model –
Edge Technologies
ID + Additional
Objectconnected data
Range of ID and data carrier types– from
basic single ID read-only function to high
volume data carrier and processing
capabilities
Sensory data
carriers
Range of ID, sensory and data carrier
types– from basic single sensing
devices to ‘first-touch’ modular sensor
systems able to accommodate a range
of sensor devices
Types of basic
data carriers
Networked data
carriers
Range of ID and network-capable data
carrier types– from basic one-way
communication devices to two-way
communication structures with sensing and
processing capabilities
Physical interface zone – Object-connected ICT technologies
CASAGRAS Inclusive Model –
Edge Technologies
Exploiting existing and evolving communications and
mobility structures:

Wireless platforms for sensor systems and mobility

Personal, local, metropolitan and extended wireless networks
PDA
802.11a/b/g Wireless NIC
Laptop PC
802.11a/b/g Wireless PCI Adapter
DVI Cable
PC
LCD Panel
CASAGRAS Inclusive Model –
Edge Technologies
Service oriented architecture and the
applications’ space:

Exploiting developments in service oriented
architecture (SOA)

Exploiting the capability of ‘Internet’ connectivity
and reach in in services and applications, eg:

Exploiting developments in object-
connected ICT and opportunities for
multiple identification and network supported
functionality in business processes (Extended
Process Functionality)
CASAGRAS Inclusive Model –
Edge Technologies
Exploiting developments in computing and network
ubiquity, particularly with respect to:




Embedded processing and communication platforms
Intelligent processing
‘Intelligent’ sensors and sensor networks
Heterogeneous network integration
Source: Nomura Research Institute, 2000.
The Internet of Things – Application Space
Exploiting
Object space
and
Ubiquitous
networking
And seeking
the value
propositions to
make it
worthwhile
PC
TV
Home Appliances
Human-to-Object
Communication
Vehicle
PDA
Human-to-Human
Communication
Networks & Evolving Internet
Sensors
RFID tag
Camera
Object-to-Object
Communication
Database, Web, application server
Wearable
PC
Mobile
Phone
Humans
with
Attached
Devices
Home server,
gateway
Human-to-Object
Communication
Smart
Card
Ubiquitous Networking
Telematics,
Navigation
Device
Medical
Device
Objects (Remote
Monitoring and
Information
Devices)
Source: Chaesub Lee, ITU-T
Schematic presenting suggestions for support
functionality for IoT applications and services.
Access to expert data / information,
eg Evidence-based medicine and
diagnostic services, Super-Navigator
GPS-related services information,
(Human-machine-machine - Human)
Internet-based
facilities
Physical
World
Objectbased
Systems
Cloud computing – Object-based data
processing needs (Human / machinemachine-Human)
Systems-defined automated software
downloads and up-dates for
application and service systems eg.
Security support systems, surveillance
systems, transport management and
associated information, mobile phonebased Aps – (machine-machine)
National / International survey data
gathering eg Financial /economic/
resources / energy usage (Humanmachine-machine - Human)
Regional, National / International
sensory data gathering eg For
monitoring and protection of pooled
resources / flood defences – (machinemachine - Human / Actuation)
Regional, National / International data
gathering eg For forecasting purposes –
weather/ natural disaster prevention
(machine-machine-Human Activation)
Remote data analysis, eg
automated analytical services for
industry, commerce and services
eg. Mastitis detection (Precision
livestock farming), (Humanmachine-machine - Human)
The Internet of Things – CASAGRAS
Inclusive Model – RFID Applications
Underground Assets in Smart Cities
Source – Trac-ID
The Internet of Things – CASAGRAS
Inclusive Model – RFID Applications
City Assets Management
Source – NIA – Korea – CASAGRAS1
< Water >
Pressure sensor
< Sewage >
sensors
Road약
conditions
500m
management
underground
facilities
management
Management center
-Collecting and analyzing sensor data
-Detecting leakages, fatigue, etc.
-Displaying road weather information
< Road sensors >
The Internet of Things – CASAGRAS
Inclusive Model – RFID Applications
Precision Agriculture
Source – NIA – Korea – CASAGRAS1
sensor data
Sensor
Network
Collecting and
analyzing
Management for
optimal conditions
This, and much, much more…
Spanning the here and now and the future…
Underpinning Smart City and smart environmental
developments…
Thank you for your attention
www.iot-casagras.org