ADHESIVES 3 JOINERY
ADHESIVES
TWO MAIN INGREDIENTS –
 RESIN – GLUE SOLID
 SOLVENT – KEEPS LIQUIFIED UNTIL APPLIED
ADHESIVES
How does glue work?
 Specific adhesion - results from strong molecular attraction
between the wood and the glue and for this to occur, the adhesive
must penetrate the wood cells and "wet" the fibers.

Cohesion - the force which makes the glue stick to itself. This is the
solid glue "line" in a joint. It is the strongest when the two pieces to be
joined are machined so they mate as closely as possible
ADHESIVES
HOW DO ADHESIVES CURE?

SOME HARDEN (SOLVENT EVAPORATES)

SOME CHANGE CHEMICALLY

SOME HARDEN AS THEY COOL
ADHESIVES
GLUE PROPERTIES

WORKABILITY

DURABILITY
ADHESIVES
WORKING PROPERTIES







SHELF OR POT LIFE
OPEN ASSEMBLY TIME
CLOSED ASSEMBLY TIME (IN CLAMP)
CURE TIME (FULL STRENGTH)
SANDABILITY
WORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE
STRENGTH
ADHESIVES


Hide Glue
Polyvinyl Resin Glue (PVA)


Aliphatic Resin Glue (Modified PVA)



white glue – longer open time, harder to sand
yellow glue – shorter open time, easier to sand
Polyurethane glue – Gorilla Glue
Contact Cement


water based 3M Fast Bond 30
solvent based 3M Scotch Brand
types
ADHESIVES
glue

types-liquid hide
Hide Glue - Titebond Liquid Hide provides superior
creep-resistance, offers excellent sandability and is
unaffected by finishes. Its sensitivity to moisture
allows for easy disassembly of parts, a critical
benefit in antique restoration or the repair of
musical instruments.
ADHESIVES
types-PVA
Titebond® Glue



The cabinetmaker's standard. Titebond Original Wood Glue is the
industry standard for woodworking. A ready-to-use aliphatic resin
adhesive with outstanding strength. Also Titebond Dark Wood glue
for dark woods is available
It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp
time. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers
excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. The
cabinetmaker's standard.
Sets fast, sands easily and resists moisture. Available in regular
original wood glue formula or in dark color formula for dark color
woods.
ADHESIVES
types-PVA
Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue

Works great outdoors. Titebond II Premium Wood Glue is the only
leading brand, one-part wood glue that passes the ANSI Type II waterresistance specification. It is ideal for exterior wood-working projects,
including outdoor furniture, birdhouses, mailboxes, planters and
picnic tables. Polyaliphatic Resin Polymer

Titebond II Premium provides a strong initial tack, fast speed of set,
superior strength and excellent sandability. It is FDA approved for
indirect food contact (cutting boards) and is ideal for radio frequency
(R-F) gluing systems.
ADHESIVES
polymer







type – advanced
Titebond™ III Ultimate Wood Glue
Superior waterproof wood glue is ideal for exterior
and interior woodworking! Available in five sizes.
Stronger, safer, easier to clean up and less
expensive than polyurethane glues.
Allows eight minutes of open time and has an
application temperature as low as 47º F.
One hour clamp time!
Cleans up with water.
Does not foam.
ADHESIVES
types
Titebond® Polyurethane Glue

Good for indoors or outdoors.

Titebond Polyurethane Glue is a breakthrough in adhesive
technology. It is the only polyurethane glue to combine a long
20 minute working time with a short 45 minute clamp time. It is a
versatile, professional-strength glue specifically formulated for
multi-purpose applications.

In addition to its superior wood-to-wood performance, Titebond
Polyurethane Glue is ideal for metals, ceramics, most plastics,
HPL, Corain, stone and other porous/non-porous materials. It is
ready-to-use, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by
finishes.
ADHESIVES
types
Gorilla Glue

The original premium quality polyurethane glue now available in
a smaller size! Gorilla bonds virtually everything, indoors or
outdoors! No mixing required. Bonds wood, stone, metal,
ceramics and plastics without a glue line. 100 percent
waterproof. Environmentally safe once cured.

Specifications
Coverage: minimum of a 1/2 oz. per Sq. ft. Single-sided
Open Working Time: 20 minutes or more
Clamping Time:1-4 hrs. at 68°-130° F. Heavy hardwoods may
require longer
Cures: 90% in 1-4 hrs. 100% in 24 hrs.
Temp. Range: 40-130° best at 68-130°
Moisture Content: Best results from 10-25% Below 10%, apply
water to non glue surface.
Shelf Life: 3 yrs. + unopened. Up to 1 yr opened
Expansion: Non-thermoplastic. Will not expand or contract in the
glue line after hardening.
ADHESIVES
types - PVA
Titebond® Wood Molding Glue

Titebond Wood Molding Glue is the thickest, fastest-drying
glue available for use with porous and semi-porous materials.
It is ideal for finish trim, crown molding, baseboards, window
casings and other applications requiring a professionalstrength, no-run wood glue.

Titebond Wood Molding provides a strong initial tack and fast
speed of set, yet allows realignment of working pieces. It also
develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent
sandability and is unaffected by finishes.
ADHESIVES

Contact Adhesive



types
water based 3M Fast Bond 30NF
solvent based 3M Scotch Grip Contact Adhesive 10
Uses – Plastic Laminate, veneers, edgebanding
ADHESIVES

types
Your brain after using water based contact cement
ADHESIVES
Your brain after
using solvent based
contact cement
types
ADHESIVES

Hot Melt Glue
types
ADHESIVES
types – hot melt
ADHESIVES
clamping
THREE REASONS TO USE CLAMPS:



DRY FIT
KEEP PARTS ALIGNED WHILE GLUE CURES
MOST GLUES REQUIRE PRESSURE



BRINGS MEMBERS INTO CONTACT
SQUEEZE OUT AIR
THIN OUT GLUE –NO THICKER THAN A PIECE OF PAPER
ADHESIVES

clamping
Clamp Layout – 1” from edge and 8” to 10” intervals
ADHESIVES
clamping
ADHESIVES
clamping
WOODEN CAULS
ADHESIVES
clamping
HOW MUCH PRESSURE IS REQUIRED?

Low Density Woods – 100 to 150 PSI


Medium Density Woods – 150 to 250 PSI



ALDER
High Density Hardwoods – UP to 300 PSI


PINE
RED OAK
HPL – 30 to 80 PSI
Veneer – 100 to 125 PSI
ADHESIVES
clamping
How Much Pressure Can Be Exerted By A Clamp?
 Wood Screw Clamp – 800 to 1000 #
 Bar Clamp – Up to 2000#
 C-clamp – 1000#
 Spring Clamp – 25#
GLUING & WOOD MOVEMENT

Wood Is Hygroscopic

Most Movement Occurs Tangentially

Wood Cups Towards The Bark Side
GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
OVERALL EFFECT
GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
OVERALL EFFECT
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING
Least Effective Joint Alignment
TANGENTIAL
FACE
TANGENTIAL
FACE
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING
More Effective
RADIAL
FACE
TANGENTIAL
FACE
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING

RADIAL
FACE
RADIAL
FACE
Most effective
JOINERY
SIDE GRAIN JOINTS
STRONG
JOINERY
FLAT GRAIN JOINTS
STRONG
JOINERY
END GRAIN TO END GRAIN
WEAK
JOINERY
END GRAIN TO SIDE GRAIN
WEAK
JOINERY –

OPEN MORTISE & TENON
mortise & tenon
JOINERY
THROUGH TENON
mortise & tenon
JOINERY
dado
PLAIN DADO
JOINERY
STOP DADO
dado
JOINERY
lap

END LAP
JOINERY

RABBET JOINT
corner joints
JOINERY
corner joints
SPLINED CORNER JOINT
JOINERY
corner joints
LOCK SHOULDER
JOINERY
DOVETAIL
corner joints
JOINERY
miter
MITER JOINT WITH SPLINE
JOINERY
EDGE TO EDGE SPLINE JOINT
edge to edge
DOWELED JOINTS
The Strength Of A Doweled Assembly Is Directly
Related To:

The Tensile Strength Of The Dowels

The Distance Between The Dowel Centers

Half The Distance Between The Dowel Center And The
Shoulder
3/ 8 "
1 1/ 4"
3/ 8 "
DOWEL PLACEMENT
2” STILE & RAIL
Strength of Dowels
 Distance between centers
+ ½ center of one dowel to
shoulder
11/4” + (3/8”/2) = 1 7/16
1 7/16 X Sheer Strength of Dowel
Increasing the distance
between the dowel centers is
twice as effective as increasing
the shoulder between the
dowel and the edge of the rail.
DOWEL PLACEMENT


2” STILE & RAIL
Strength of Dowels

Distance between centers
+ ½ center of one dowel to
shoulder
1” + (½”/2 ) = 1 ¼
DOWEL PLACEMENT


2” STILE & RAIL
Strength of Dowels

Distance between centers
+ ½ center of one dowel to
shoulder
Example:
3/8” + (3/4”/2) = 3/4
DOWEL PLACEMENT
MAX. EFFECTIVE DOWEL LENGTHS (8:1)
Dowel Diameter
1/4”
3/8”
1/2”
Dowel Length
2”
3”
3 ½”