Chapter 21: The Furnace
of Civil War
1861-1865
Bull Run Ends the “Ninety-Day War”
Why did Lincoln decide to attack a Confederate force at Bull
Run?
Why was Bull Run considered a “military picnic”?
How did the Battle of Bull Run affect the South?
How did the Battle of Bull Run affect the North?
“Tardy George” McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign
What were some of George McClellan’s virtues?
What were some of George McClellan’s defects?
Why wouldn’t McClellan move his troops towards Richmond?
What was the Peninsula campaign?
Who won the Seven Days Battle and how did it impact the
Union?
Why was General Lee’s victory impact the Union and Lincoln’s
decisions regarding the war?
What were the six components of the Union Strategy?
The War at Sea
What strategy did the North use in relation to their leaky
blockade?
Why did Britain recognize the blockade?
Who were the most successful blockade runners?
How did the Northern Navy enforce the blockade?
Why didn’t Britain do anything about the doctrine of “ultimate
destination”?
What was the most alarming threat to the blockade and how did
the Union overcome this threat?
The Pivotal Point: Antietam
Describe the Second Battle of Bull Run.
Why did Lee want to strike North in Maryland?
What happened at the Battle of Antietam?
Why was the Battle of Antietam important?
Why did Lincoln wait to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
A Proclamation Without Emancipation
What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare?
Lincoln actually didn’t free any slaves. How was this possible?
How did slaves react to the Emancipation Proclamation?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the North and people
abroad?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War?
How did the public react to the Emancipation Proclamation?
Who opposed the “abolition war”?
How did the South respond to the Emancipation Proclamation?
Blacks Battle Bondage
How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact African Americans
serving in the war?
How many African Americans served in the Union army?
Why did many former slaves want to participate in the war?
How did the south view African Americans fighting for the Union?
When did the south enlist African Americans?
How did slaves respond to the war?
Lee’s Last Lunge at Gettysburg
Why was Burnside seen as unfit?
What was Lee’s most brilliant battle?
Why did Lee want to invade the North again? What was his
goal?
Why was “Pickett’s charge” called the “high tide of the
Confederacy”?
Why did the Victory at Gettysburg belong to Lincoln?
The War in the West
Who was the most able Union general in the West?
Why was Grant’s win in Kentucky considered crucial?
What happened at the Battle at Shiloh?
Why was seizing of New Orleans important for the North?
How did the Union “sever the spinal cord of the South”?
What was the political significance of the Union wins at
Vicksburg and Gettysburg?
Sherman Scorches Georgia
Why was Grant sent to Chickamauga and how did he open the
door for the invasion of Georgia?
Who invaded Georgia?
Why did Sherman’s “blue bellies” burn cities?
What does “Shermanizing” the South mean?
Where did Sherman head after Georgia?
The Politics of War
What was happening within the Republican party that
jeopardized Lincoln’s re-election?
Who was considered the most dangerous to the Union and why?
What were the factions within the Democratic party and what
did they believe?
Who was Clement Vallandigham and why was he important?
The Election of 1864
How did the Republicans deal with the issue of the democratic party in
the election of 1864?
Why was Lincoln’s nomination encountered with opposition?
Why did the Union Party run Andrew Taylor as Vice President?
Who did the democratic party nominate and what was their platform?
How did the Republicans help ensure that Lincoln would win the
election?
How did the election of 1864 affect the South?
Grant Outlasts Lee
Why was Grant called to replace Meade?
How did the North respond to Grant’s fighting style?
Why was Grant’s reputation undeserved while Lee’s was overrated?
Why weren’t the North and South able to come to a compromise in
February 1865?
How did the Civil War end?
The Martyrdom of Lincoln
How did Lincoln die?
How did the South respond to Lincoln’s death?
Why was Lincoln’s death considered a calamity for the South?
If Lincoln had lived, why would he have clashed with Congress?
The Aftermath of the Nightmare
How did the Civil War affect the population of the US?
How did the Civil War affect the nation economically?
What political issues were determined by the outcome of the
Civil War?
How was the Civil War the supreme test of American
democracy?
How did the Civil War impact other countries?
How did the Civil War positively impact people in the North and
the South?