CHAPTER 5
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
MISCELLANEOUS
Largest _________ (21 ft2 in adult, weighs
about 8 lbs)
 Usually attaches to _________
(exception: flexion creases)
 Thinnest layer? (0.05mm) _______________
Thickest layer? (1.5mm) _________________
 Why a system?

STRUCTURE OF SKIN
Epidermis – stratified ____________; stratum basale
(cell __________); stratum corneum (keratinized);
Langerhan’s cells (dendritic _______ cells, phagocytic);
melanocytes (roughly ________ # in everyone)
 Dermis – loose and ___________connective; dermal
papillae  epidermal ridges (f_______, surface area);
elastin/collagen; blood vessels; receptors for t______,
pr________, p_______, and temp.; hair ____________;
sweat glands; sebaceous glands (produce _________)
 Subcutaneous (Hypodermis) – loose connective and
____________ (insulates; excessive amounts = obesity)

STRUCTURE OF SKIN
EPIDERMIS
Notice all of the bacteria.
Stratum corneum. Notice how the
squamous cells form a protective layer
(~15-20 cell s thick).
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)

Hair – develops from hair ___________ (cuticle
cells of hair and cuticle cells of follicle grow in
_____ directions – keeps hair from _________
_______); three growth phases (anagen,
catagen, telogen); as the hair grows,
__________ digest sheath around hair shaft at
skin’s surface; alopecia; sebaceous gland;
arrector ______
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)
Hair Magnified (3:12)
Notice how the
cells grow in
opposite directions.
Hair
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)

Color of hair is controlled and affected by
________.
 Albinism
is a genetic ___________ that prevents the
production of _____________ within melanocytes.
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (NAILS)

Nails – nail root; nail bed; nail body (plate); lunula; cuticle;
made mostly of k_____________cells; grow __________on
the hand you use; condition of nails can provide clues to
underlying ____________ (color, shape, presence of lines
on nail body)
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (SWEAT GLANDS)

Sweat glands – most concentrated on ____________
(Why?); apocrine (empty into _______ _________);
eccrine (empty onto ________ ____________);
ceruminous glands (cerumen, wet/dry); mammary
glands
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
Protection from physical ____________
 Protection from ___________ invasion
 Prevents __________ loss/gain
 Synthesis of vitamin ____ (in presence of light)

TEMP REGULATION

Heat arises from breakdown of _______ose and ATP
(heat is absorbed by blood); vasodilation;
vasoconstriction; sweating; contraction of
_____________ pili; hyperthermia; hypothermia;
fever – benefits?
DISORDERS






Athlete’s foot (_________ infection)
Impetigo (____________ infection)
Eczema/psoriasis (overactive ______ ___________)
Dandruff (increased keratinization)
Urticaria (hives – ______________ reaction)
How to become a dermatologist (3:36)
DISORDERS
Athlete’s Foot (fungal infection)
Impetigo (bacterial infection)
DISORDERS
Eczema (overactive cell division; skin irritant)
Psoriasis
(overactive
cell division;
genetic)
Urticaria (hives)
(allergic reaction)
CANCERS






Melanoma – malignant; cancer of ____________; arises
from moles; ~8000 deaths per year in US, ~50,000
worldwide
Basal cell carcinoma – due to _____; benign tumor in
basal cells of epidermis
Squamous cell carcinoma – due to _____; usually
benign; found in superficial squamous cells of epidermis
Moles – benign overgrowth of melanocytes
Warts – not tumors; _________ infection (HPV: human
papillomaviruses; there are nearly 200 of them)
Treeman (7:31) Treeman after surgery (1:18)
CANCERS
Melanoma
Animation (3:01)
Melanoma Video
(5:04)
Melanoma on Skin
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma on the iris
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
MELANOMA SURGERY
Photos courtesy of Josie Harrington,
former student
BURNS

1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th degree
The Doctors on
Burns (1:33)
2nd degree
1st degree
3rd degree
BURNS

Rule of nines
 Used
to determine
the _________of a
burn
 Expressed in _____
WOUND HEALING

wound  clot  scab  WBC work  fibroblasts
make new tissue  scar
Benefits of a wound-healing medication
Wound Healing Process (4:06)
AGING
Meet Mrs. Tinker! 

Dermis thins; epidermis becomes _________; less
___________ in subcutaneous; less collagen and elastin
(reduced flexibility); difficulty maintaining temp.
homeostasis; fewer hair __________; less sebaceous
glands (cracking due to less __________); fewer
melanocytes (inconsistent pigmentation)
Age spots (UV damage)