UNIVERSAL CELL PHONE
SOUND AMPLIFIER
DAY 1
Introduction to Sound and the Universal Cell
Phone Sound Amplifier Design Challenge
OVERVIEW/GOALS
•
• Pre-Test
• Discussion of Pre-Test
• Tuning Fork Inquiry
• Design Challenge Overview
• Homework: Design Challenge Questions
PRE-TEST
Set timer for 15 minutes:
http://www.online-stopwatch.com/eggtimer-countdown/full-screen/
PRE-TEST DISCUSSION
1. What information was familiar to you on the
Pre-Test?
2. What information was completely unknown to you
on the Pre-Test?
3. What interests you about this unit?
TUNING FORK INQUIRY
How does the medium a sound travels through affect
how the sound behaves?
http://kevinsheehanphysics-sheehanphysics.blogspot.com/
UNIVERSAL CELL PHONE
SOUND AMPLIFIER
Design Challenge
pineApple Inc.
• This company works directly with the
Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist
with community revival throughout the
United States.
• Your job is to help them assist others after
the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to
make important announcements to the
affected people and needs an easy way to
amplify these messages.
This is where you come in…
DESIGN CHALLENGE OVERVIEW
The sound amplification team from pineApple Inc. has hired your
team to design a portable, energy-free, universal sound
amplification device. This device can be used in place of any
battery-powered or electrical speaker system. Consider the best
materials and geometric structural design to produce the loudest
and highest quality sound as possible. In order to properly
complete the design challenge, teams will need to first research
the history of sound amplifiers, understand the behavior of sound
waves with respect to various materials, and explore the
differences between geometric solids. Each team will choose a
design using a decision analysis matrix, create a detailed sketch
of the final design, and build the prototype. Your team will
evaluate the device’s ability to amplify sound with all constraints
in consideration. Each team will prepare a commercial or
brochure to promote the design and justify the decision making
process.
HOMEWORK
DESIGN CHALLENGE QUESTIONS
Directions:
• Carefully reread the
design challenge
overview.
• Create 5 questions
you have about the
challenge and record
them below.
http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forestservice-done-its-homework/
DAY 2
Team Code of Conduct & Exploration of
Roles and Sound Wave Characteristics
OVERVIEW/GOALS
•
• All About Sound
• History and Types of Loudspeakers
• Code of Conduct and Team Roles
ALL ABOUT SOUND
http://www.linux-mag.com/id/8253/
VIDEO CLIP: TRANSMISSION OF SOUND WAVES
Sound travels in
compressional waves
and is produced by
vibrations. This video
will show how sound
can travel through
various materials, as
well as some of the
characteristics of sound
waves.
•
Answer the Pre-Viewing
Questions
•
Pay close attention and
complete the Video Guide
•
Please be prepared to share
your answers when the video
clip is over!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY
LEARNING THE LINGO
It is important you can speak the MATH and SCIENCE language.
Use the word bank to complete the vocabulary sentences. Each
term is used once. It's okay to guess!
Sphere
Refraction
Compressional Waves
Cylinder
Mechanical Waves
Sound Waves
Medium
Volume
Reflection
Pyramid
Interference
Cone
Diffraction
Amplification
LEARNING THE LINGO
Check your answers and make any corrections you need!
1. Sound Waves: a compressional wave that propagates sound
2. Mechanical Waves: waves that can travel only through matter
3. Medium: the matter that sound waves travel through, can be a
solid, liquid, gas, or combination of the two
4. Compressional Waves: matter in the medium moves back and
forth along the same direction that the wave travels
5. Reflection: a wave behavior that results when a wave strikes a
surface and bounces off
6. Refraction: a wave behavior that results when a wave bends and
changes in speed as it moves from one medium into another
7. Diffraction: a wave behavior that results when an object causes
a wave to change direction and bend around it
LEARNING THE LINGO
Check your answers and make any corrections you need!
8. Interference: results when two or more waves overlap and
combine to form a new wave
9. Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity
10. Volume: the number of non-overlapping unit cubes of a given
size that will exactly fill the interior of a three-dimensional figure
11. Cylinder: a three-dimensional figure with two parallel congruent
circular bases and a curved lateral surface that connects the bases
12. Pyramid: a polyhedron formed by a polygonal base and
triangular lateral faces that meet at a common vertex
13. Cone: a three-dimensional figure with a circular base and a curved
lateral surface that connects the base to a point called the vertex
14. Sphere: the set of points in space that are a fixed distance from a given
point called the center of the sphere
SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
• Sound waves are
mechanical waves.
o
o
Mechanical waves
require a medium.
Sound waves cannot
travel in a vacuum.
• Sound waves travel
outwards equally in all
directions.
http://lasermom.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/crying/
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u11l1a.cfm
SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
• Compression: the dense region of a wave;
particles are pushed together
• Rarefaction: the spread apart region of a wave;
particles are spread apart
• Wavelength: distance from compression to
compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction
https://intranet.rave.ac.uk/display/FComm/Acoustics
SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
Vibrations produced from a source
carry energy. This energy causes
air particles to compress outward
from the source. When the waves
reach our ears, we can hear the
sounds produced.
•
•
Amplitude: measures the
amount of energy carried by a
sound wave
Amplification: a measure of
loudness or sound intensity
http://www.pimall.com/nais/e.sound.html
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/basic-waves-theory.html
SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
HIGH AMPLITUDE
LOW AMPLITUDE
• Dense compressions
• Clear rarefactions
• Spaced out
compressions
• Unclear rarefactions
• Example: Yelling
• Example: Whispering
http://jameystegmaier.com/2012/01/best-of-the-blog-2011/whispering-2/
http://specialedpost.com/2013/05/27/why-adhd-rates-vary-from-country-tocountry/shouting/
WAVE BEHAVIORS
REFLECTION
• occurs when a wave
strikes a surface and
bounces off
REFRACTION
• occurs when a wave
bends from one material
into another and
changes speed
http://openclipart.org/tags/sound?page=6
http://hendrix2.uoregon.edu/~imamura/102/section4/chapter20.html
WAVE BEHAVIORS
DIFFRACTION
• occurs when a wave
changes direction to
bend around a barrier
http://physicshelp.co.uk/diffraction.php
INTERFERENCE
• occurs when two or
more waves combine
and form a new wave
http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/Physics5.html
HISTORY AND TYPES OF LOUDSPEAKERS
•
http://www.edisontechcenter.org/speakers.html
(Scroll down the page to show video clip:
First Hornless Loudspeaker: 1921 Prototype)
CODE OF CONDUCT AND
TEAM ROLES
All team members must contribute and cooperate with
one another in order to successfully complete your
design challenge.
You will each choose a team role with
designated responsibilities.
Your team will create a
code of conduct to help
you stay on track.
CODE OF CONDUCT AND TEAM ROLES
•
•
•
•
Communication Representative: Leads conversation and keeps
team on task
Recording Specialist: Records notes and keeps data information
for the team.
Construction Manager: In charge of making sure all of the
materials are provided and brought in to class on designated day
and keeps team on building schedule.
Design Manager: The matrix organizer leader and during the
building process they will be in charge
Decide among your team members who will assume each of
the above roles. List your names on the handout provided.
Using the suggested words, compose your team Code of
Conduct, determine a team consequence should someone
step out, and have all group members sign their John
Hancock at the bottom!
DAY 3
In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids
& Further Explanation of Design Challenge
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids
• Review of Sound Waves Activity
• Quick Review of Design Challenge
• Homework: In-Class Museum Follow-up
IN-CLASS MUSEUM VOLUME OF SOLIDS
• You will rotate the stations of this museum with
your team members
• Each person fills out their own paper
• Use one person's phone to look up the correct
formulas
• Show your work or explain how you arrived at
each answer
REVIEW OF SOUND WAVES
Five minutes:
See how many you can fill in! Do not guess
answers.
Okay, five more minutes:
You may now use your resources to locate and fill
in the answers.
QUICK REVIEW OF
DESIGN CHALLENGE
All of your design challenge questions have been
compiled. Lets consider what you have learned
since then and clarify the design challenge
expectations.
Here are the TOP 5 sought after questions
AND answers!
QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE
QUESTION #1
ANSWER
QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE
QUESTION #2
ANSWER
QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE
QUESTION #3
ANSWER
QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE
QUESTION #4
ANSWER
QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE
QUESTION #5
ANSWER
EXPLORATION OF MATERIALS
• Answer the Pre-lab questions
• Review the procedure
• Experiment with cup phones made of various
materials
• Write your observations
• Discuss ideas regarding materials to be used in
the design challenge
HOMEWORK
IN-CLASS MUSEUM FOLLOW-UP
Directions:
• Now that you have
seen the correct
formulas and the
values for those
variables, use a pen
to correct your
original work.
• I want to see work in
both pencil and pen,
to see the corrections
and effort you put
forth.
http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forestservice-done-its-homework/
DAY 4
Understanding Sound Wave Characteristics and
Volume of Geometric Solids and Brainstorming
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Exploration of Materials Lab
• Post-it Brainstorm
• Individual Sketching
• Presentation of Sketches to Team
• Selection of Top 3 Designs
POST-IT NOTE BRAINSTORMING
1. Take 3 minutes to individually write down as many
ideas as you can.
o
o
Only one idea per post-it note
The ideas can be single words, pictures, or thought
out designs
http://www.promotional-product-solutions.com/Post-IT.html
http://prettyspoiled.com/2013/06/05/eashell-beauty-look/
http://skeepers.blogspot.com/20
11/01/cool-buildings.html
http://www.a
ctsofnature.
com/photog
allery/photo/
241/
http://www.officialpsds.com/
Old-School-Record-PlayerPSD28399.html
http://www.jonatkinson.com/Canada_Wildlife.html
http://science.howstuffworks.com/tr
ansport/enginesequipment/steam.htm
http://trisaetum.com/about/winery/barrelcave/
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/ne
ws/factsheets/21stcentury.html
http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=Rembrandt_06,
http://cheerleading.lovetoknow.com/Cheer_Megaphone,
http://www.artboxbz.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=48,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Municipal_Theater_of_Girona_Inte
riors.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg,
http://joebrowns.blogspot.com/2012/02/cool-places-to-visit-aroundworld.html, http://www.cockburn.leeds.sch.uk/stump-cross-caverns-andcoldstones-cut-visit
POST-IT NOTE BRAINSTORMING
2. Now, one at a time share what is on one of the
post-its in your stack.
o
Put these in the middle to make a big group pile
3. When someone adds a post-it idea to the team
stack, everyone else in the group needs to write
down a new idea and add it to their individual
stack to share later.
4. Do this for 7 minutes or until you run out of ideas.
INDIVIDUAL SKETCHING
Inspired?
• Take 10 minutes on your own to sketch 3 or more
conceptual drawings of a universal cell phone
sound amplifier
• You will be sharing these with your team
members, so please do not discuss during the
time given for your individual sketching
PRESENTATION OF SKETCHES TO TEAM
• Each team member presents one sketch at a time
to the team
• Rotate around the group until each person has
shared all 3 sketches
• Explain your sketch and ensure that everyone
understands the purpose and function of your
design
• Ask questions of one another’s designs and point
out key functions, outstanding pieces, or critical
components
SELECTION OF TOP 3 DESIGNS
• As a team, narrow down to three sketches total
• Think about how “best features” can incorporated
into the top three designs, even if they are from
designs that were not selected
• Be positive as you critique each sketch and
eliminate some designs
DAY 5
Decision Analysis and Selecting of
Team Prototype Design
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Entrance Slip
• Decision Analysis Matrix and Design Selection
• Organize Materials List for Building
• Homework: Gather Materials for Construction
ENTRANCE SLIP
Complete the 5 questions on the half-slip of paper,
make sure your name is on it & turn it in when
finished!
REMEMBER…
YOU WORK FOR PINEAPPLE INC.
• This company works directly with the Disaster
Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community
revival throughout the United States.
• Your job is to help them assist others after the
recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make
important announcements to the affected people
and needs an easy way to amplify these messages.
• Keep this in mind when you are pitching your
device to the class and detail how the aspects of
your design help the cause.
CHALLENGE GOALS:
OBJECTIVES & CONSTRAINTS
Objectives:
- inexpensive
- portable
- user-friendly
- universal
- aesthetically pleasing
*each team should write an
additional Objective or
Constraint on their Decision
Analysis Matrix
Constraints:
-no glass components
-no electrical components
-no batteries
- less than $15
- the overall volume
cannot be more than 10
times the volume of the
electronic device
DECISION ANALYSIS MATRIX INTRODUCTION
• The Decision Analysis Matrix is a tool used by
engineers to solve problems.
• It is a chart that contains the goals that you want
your project to fulfill.
o
These goals will be based off of your list of objectives
and constraints
• You will be given one Decision Analysis Matrix
sheet per group
DECISION ANALYSIS MATRIX DIRECTIONS
1. Give each of the goals a weight from a scale of 110; with 10 being the most important and 1 the least
important.
2. Then use a numerical system to score each design
o 3 would be the design that totally meets the goal
o 2 would be the design that somewhat meets the goal
o 1 would be the design that doesn't meet the goal
3. Then multiply the weight and score to create a
value for each design.
4. The values are then added together to form a total.
5. The design that scores the highest would be
considered the "best".
MATERIALS LIST
As a team, create a list of materials needed to
construct your prototype.
Each team member will be responsible for bringing
the materials which he or she commits to
contribute.
You may want to ask some team members to
duplicate materials to ensure you'll have everything
you need.
HOMEWORKGATHER MATERIALS
Record the list of
materials you are
responsible for and
gather them over the
weekend.
You will be building next
class period!
http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forestservice-done-its-homework/
DAY 6
Final Prototype Design and Construction!
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Final Sketch of Prototype Design
• Construction of Prototype
FINAL SKETCH OF PROTOTYPE
•
Complete on graph paper or
blank paper
•
Include Team Number and
Design Title
•
Include all details of prototype
– multiple viewpoints may be
needed
•
Draw sketches and only use
text to label
http://sketch.name/shop/sketchpads/browser
paper/
CONSTRUCTING THE PROTOTYPE
•
Keep your Team Roles and
Code of Conduct in mind as
you construct.
•
Employ proper safety
measures while you build.
•
Follow your final design and
make adjustments as needed!
http://www.gsacpas.com/industries/constructi
on-real-estate.cfm
DAYS 7 & 8
Prototype Construction, Testing & Redesign
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Teams work at their own pace to complete listed tasks:
• Team Proposal
• Construction of Prototype
• Testing of Prototype
• Data Analysis
• Redesign and Reflection
• Homework Day 7: Prepare for Final Work Session
• Homework Day 8: Redesign and Reflection
EXPLANATION OF TEAM PROPOSAL
•
Create a poster or multimedia presentation
(PowerPoint or Prezi)
•
Include a sketch of your final design, selling
points, the Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch
or explanation of the team’s redesign
•
Include your team’s chosen objectives or
constraints
CONSTRUCTION & TESTING OF PROTOTYPE
•
•
Team time to construct your prototype
Students will test prototypes upon completion of construction
o Using the decibel 10th app on the iPhone
o In the hallway/In a silent classroom
o The test will use a specific music playing device and
have a set volume that will be consistent for all teams
o Test your device three times and record the values into
the data sheet, then find the average value
DATA ANALYSIS
Items to record on your data table:
• Sound intensity in decibels
• Dimensions of the prototype and dimensions of
the device
• Ratio of the volume of the device to the volume of
the prototype
REDESIGN DISCUSSION
REdesign?!?! What??? Why would
we do that? Our product worked!
Well...how could you have made it
even better?
If your prototype wasn't effective,
team discussions and individual
reflections are vital to
improvement!
COMPLETE PROPOSAL
• As a team, decide what format(s) you would like to
use to report your findings and conclusion
• Next, create a poster or multimedia presentation
(PowerPoint or Prezi)
•
•
Include a sketch of your final design, selling points, the
Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch or explanation of
the team’s redesign
Include your team’s chosen objectives or constraints
HOMEWORK
DAY 7PREPARE FOR FINAL WORK TIME
Tomorrow is the last
class period given to
build, test, analyze
data, and redesign.
Plan out how your team
will accomplish all of
these tasks during
class.
http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forestservice-done-its-homework/
HOMEWORK
DAY 8REDESIGN
After talking briefly with
your team, you should
have some ideas...and
hopefully you'll
generate some of your
own.
Think about what you
could have done in
advance or
retroactively to improve
your design. Sketch
and write an
explanation for your
http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forestservice-done-its-homework/
DAY 9
Team Presentations
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Team Presentations of Proposals
http://www.publicspeakinginternational.com/team-presentation-training/
DAY 10
Unit Conclusion
OVERVIEW/GOALS
• Post-Test
• Peer and Self Evaluations
POST-TEST
Set timer for 30 minutes
http://www.online-stopwatch.com/large-stopwatch/
PEER AND SELF-EVALUATION
• Please write your name and the name of your
team members
• Be honest!
• Your answers are confidential
• Hand deliver to the teacher, do not pass to other
students
CONGRATS!
YOU FINISHED THE UNIT!