Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
|1
II. INVISIBLE WOMEN: A CALL TO ACTION— FINDINGS ON THE 16 RECOMMENDATIONS
Awareness Campaign
Recommendation 1: That the federal government learn from the stories of the families of missing and murdered Aboriginal women
and girls and work with the provinces, territories and municipalities to create a public awareness and prevention campaign focusing on
violence against Aboriginal women and girls in Canada.
15 reports identified raising awareness as a concern.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
Invest
$5
million
over
the
next
5
years
in
programs
“to
break
Justice Canada
Status of Women
Canada
AANDC
Family
Violence
Prevention
Program
AANDC
National
Circle Against
1
intergenerational cycles of violence and abuse by raising awareness and
creating tools, activities and resources to build healthy relationships” 1
Invest $2.5 million over the next 5 years to “work with First Nations,
Inuit and Métis communities and stakeholders to denounce and prevent
violence against Aboriginal women. Projects will raise awareness
through education and related activities to increase understanding about
the impacts of violence; engage Aboriginal men and boys to prevent
violence; and empower Aboriginal women and girls to speak out about
violence and to seek support from service providers and law
enforcement official” 2
The annual budget of $31.74 million includes funding for core
shelter services distributed among 41 shelters. Approximately $9
million in annual funding will be allocated to 300 community-driven
violence prevention programs. This funding is provided on an
ongoing basis. 3
Both of these programs are part of
the 2014 Status of Women Action
Plan. Money allotted to these
initiatives constitutes a renewal of
previous project funding
allocation. No new financing has
been made available under the
current program. At present there
is no further information detailing
the content of these programs.
According to a 2012 evaluation
shelter operators often experienced
funding shortfalls. 4
The National Circle against Family Violence is the coordinating
body of programming support for these shelters. The FVPP budget
Ambler, Stella. Report on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada. Report of the Special Committee on Violence Against Indigenous Women.
March 2014. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=6469851
2
Ibid
3
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Family Violence Prevention Program. April 2015 http://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100035253/1100100035254
4
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Evaluation of the Family Violence Prevention Program, February 2012, part 4.1.2, https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1355952957773/1355953186153#mra
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Family
Violence
RCMP
Provincial
Involvement
listed above includes core funding for staff training, event planning
and outreach awareness. .5
Dedicated liaison to NWAC who “works collaboratively with NWAC
to develop public awareness tools and resources focused on the
prevention of violence against women”. 6
Best practices exist at the provincial level including projects such as:
The Highway of Tears Prevention and Awareness Project (BC) 7, I Am
a Kind Man8 (Ontario), and Aboriginal Men’s Anti-Violence Campaign9
(Manitoba).
Some awareness campaigns such
as Walking with Our Sisters have
turned down government funding
due to the a disinterest in
government affiliation.
Support for the family of victims
Recommendation 2: That the federal government continue strengthening the criminal justice system to ensure, among other things,
that violent and repeat offenders serve appropriate sentences.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
Implemented
in
2012,
the
bill:
Such a bill is likely to increase the already overrepresented Indigenous
C-10 Safe Streets
Created
new
criminal
offenses.
demographic in the prison system. An alternative consideration may
and Communities
- Limited judicial discretion to
be greater emphasis on Gladue courts10 and community based
Act
determine sentences.
restorative justice measures. Programs such as In Search of Your
- Requires minimum prison time for
certain offenses.
5
Warrior11 and Walking the Prevention Circle12 offer viable alternatives
to harsher sentencing.
Ibid
RCMP, Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: A National Operational Overview, October 2014, 18. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/pubs/mmaw-faapdeng.pdf
7
Highway of Tears: Preventing Violence Against Women, Current Initiative, http://www.highwayoftears.ca/currentinitiative
8
Kizhaay Anishinaabe Niin : I Am a Kind Man, http://www.iamakindman.ca/IAKM/
9
Government of Manitoba. Aboriginal Men’s Antiviolence Campaign. http://www.gov.mb.ca/stoptheviolence/amavc.html
10
Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. < http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf>
11
Corrections Canada. In Search of Your Warrior < http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/publications/lt-en/2005/30-4/3-eng.shtml>
12
PREVnet Walking the Prevention Circle < http://www.prevnet.ca/projects/walking-the-prevention-circle>
6
|2
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Recommendation 3: That the federal government maintain its commitment to develop the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights including
initiatives aimed at making the criminal justice system more responsive to the needs of victims, such as keeping them informed and
providing them with appropriate standing, access and assistance throughout the process.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional
Notes
13
Victims
$7.5
million
over
the
next
five
years
will
be
directed
towards
victim
services
and
assistance
to
These
Department of
Fund
victims
and
families.
The
victims
fund:
programs are
Justice
Victims Bill of
Rights
- Allows families of any violent crime to better access information on investigations, obtain
referrals to appropriate services, and build trust in order to facilitate the disclosure of
information.
- Makes available funding for Child Advocacy Centres. Currently one advocacy centre receives
funding.
-Supports the Federal Income Support for Parents of Murdered or Missing Children. Parents
may receive funding if their child is believed to be the victim of a violent crime.
The Victims Bill of Rights has four key components14:
-Right to information: Victims would have the right to general information about the criminal
justice system and available victim services and programs, as well as specific information about
the progress of their case.
-Right to protection: Victims would have the right to have their security and privacy considered
at all stages of the criminal justice process, to have reasonable and necessary measures to
protect them from intimidation and retaliation, and to request their identity be protected from
public disclosure.
-Right to participation: Victims would have a right to convey their views about decisions to be
made by criminal justice professionals and have them considered at various stages of the
criminal justice process, and to present a victim impact statement.
-Right to restitution: Victims would have the right to have the court consider making a
restitution order for all offences for which there are easy-to-calculate financial losses.
not
Indigenousspecific.
Recommendation 4: That the federal government implement a national DNA-based missing person's index.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
National
At
present
there
are
697
unidentified
remains
in
Canada.
The
Federal funding will only cover DNA testing
RCMP
13
Department of Justice. Victims Fund. 2015 http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/fund-fina/cj-jp/fund-fond/attend-audience.html
|3
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
DNA
Databank
DNA Bank allows for a national coordination to identify these
victims. It has funding in the amount of 8.1 million over 5
years15 and is expected to launch in spring 2017. 16
|4
for the maintenance of the lab. Coroners and
medical examiners will be expected to pay for
genetic analysis at accredited labs. This
reduces the likelihood that all necessary tests
will be conducted.
Support for communities
Recommendation 5: That the federal government continue to support K-12 education on reserve as an important tool in combating the
root causes of violence against Aboriginal women and girls.
28 reports propose actions that encompass education to confront violence against Indigenous women by addressing root
causes.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
As part of Budget 2015, funding in the amount of $9.3 million allocated
Alberta
towards improving quality of First Nations education. Government has
government
invested an additional “$28 million and $37 million in new funding over
the next two fiscal years for continued planning and implementation of
student-centered approaches with a primary focus on improving outcomes
for First Nations students.”17
Government of
Canada
15
$1.62 billion allocated for FN elementary and secondary education funding
(2012-13). An additional $226 million invested in the maintenance and
construction of on-reserve education facilities.18
Funding translates to
support for 113,000
FN students at the
elementary and
secondary levels
(excludes select selfgoverning FN).
Ambler, Stella. Report on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada. Report of the Special Committee on Violence Against Indigenous Women.
March 2014. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=6469851
16
Carlson, Kathrine. Missing Women: Canada Data Bank will Fall Short of Gold Standard. Globe and Mail. February 26, 2015
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/planned-canadian-dna-data-bank-will-fall-short-of-gold-standard-as-tool-in-search-for-missing-indigenouswomen/article23221815/
17
Alberta Education, Funding dupports under Budget 2015. (2015). <https://education.alberta.ca/department/budget/funding/>
18
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Federal Funding Levels for First Nations K-12 Education. 2015. <https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1349140116208/1349140158945. >
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Multiple agreements (e.g. 2012 British Columbia Tripartite Education)
Government of
Canada
AANDC
AANDC
AANDC
AANDC
AANDC
AANDC
19
FN Education
Partnerships and
Agreements
Strong Schools,
Successful Students
Initiative
Supports activities designed to increase levels of literacy, numeracy, and
student retention in band-operated FN schools.19
FN and Inuit Cultural
Education Centres
(CECP)
New Paths for Education
Program
Special Education
Program
Funds 100 FN and 8-10 Inuit centres that work towards strengthening
cultural, linguistic, and traditional content in Indigenous learning.21
Elementary and
Secondary Education
Funding provided on one-year basis. Supports program development for
advancing working relations between provincial official and educators and
regional FN organizations and schools.20
|5
Full list details:
http://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/13088
40098023/1308840148
639
2015-16 Call for
Proposals now closed.
2015-16 Call for
Proposals now closed.
Previously selected
projects (2014-15):
https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/14013
02447424/1401302790
109#three
Annual budget of $50 million allocated on a proposal-basis to improve
quality of FN education.22
Funding allocated on case-by-case. Two-tiered: Secondary Education
Program (mild-moderate disabilities), Special Education Program
(moderate-profound disabilities).23
Directs the delivery of the Elementary and Secondary Education Program
to on-reserve students.24
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. First Nation Student Success Program. 2008. Promotional material; report. December 2. https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100033703/1100100033704.>
20
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. First Nation Student Success Program.. “Education Partnerships Program.” Promotional material; report. December
2. 2008. <https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100033760/1100100033761.>
21
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. First Nation and Inuit Cultural Education Centres Program. 2014. <https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100033700/1100100033701.>
22
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. New Paths for Education Program. 2011. <https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1314212864451/1314212959509.>
23
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Special Education Program. Promotional material; report. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada- Special
Education Program. November 28, 2008. https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100033697/1100100033698>
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
|6
Program- Program
Guidelines 2015-16
Ontario
government
Ontario
government
Ontario
government
Indspire’s
Building Brighter
Futures
Campaign
$97 million over 3 years (2015-17) invested in Aboriginal post-secondary
education.25
$5 million for ongoing operation of province’s 9 Aboriginal-owned and
operated learning institutes.26
Aboriginal Student
Bursary Fund
$1.5 million in annual funding for postsecondary education and training. 27
Not specific to K-12
on-reserve education.
Indspire’s Building
Brighter Futures
Bursaries, Scholarships
and Awards program
$1.5 million (2015-16) in funding announced by Ontario government. 28
$1.4 million in funding announced in February 2015 by AANDC. 29
Not specific to K-12
on-reserve education
B.C. government
Office of the
Federal
Interlocutor,
24
Best Practices in
Aboriginal Education: A
Literature Review and
Analysis for Policy
Indspire is an organization providing resources to Indigenous youth for
educational engagement (e.g. pursuing post-secondary education) and
building skills for career development. 30
$63.9 million in funding for K-12 Aboriginal education (2014-15).31
Environmental scan of best practices for Indigenous education.
Not specific to onreserve education.
Policy-oriented
publication.
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Elementary and Secondary Education Program - National Program Guidelines 2015-2016. Guide. Indigenous and
Northern Affairs Canada- Elementary and Secondary Education Program - National Program Guidelines 2015-2016. December 19, 2014. https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1418999442065/1418999496718
25
Sootoday, Province commits $97M for Aboriginal education. June 2015. <http://www.sootoday.com/content/news/details.asp?c=93800.>
26
Ibid.
27
Ibid.
28
Indspire. Indigenous education Canada's Future. May 2012. <https://indspire.ca/news_postings/indspire-welcomes-the-government-of-ontarios-announcementthat-it-will-contribute-1-5-million-to-the-national-charity-to-support-indigenous-education-the-honourable-david-zimmer-minister-o/>
29
Indspire. AANDC pledges $1.4 million to Indspire for Indigenous education. March 2015. https://indspire.ca/news_postings/aandc-pledges-1-4-million-toindspire-for-indigenous-education/
30
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. 2015. <https://www.aadncaandc.gc.ca/eng/1419015616926/1419015708873>
31
Government of British Columbia. 2015. “Aboriginal Education Home Page - BC Ministry of Education.” British Columbia - Aboriginal Education. Accessed
November 26. <https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/>
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Indian and
Northern Affairs
Saskatchewan
government
Saskatchewan
government
AANDC
|7
Directions (Raham, 2009)
32
The Report of the
National Panel on First
Nation Elementary and
Secondary Education for
Students on Reserve
(2011)35
$1.5 million in 2014 to support “educational organizations and school
divisions in sharing approaches that have improved student success with
on-reserve schools.”33
2013-14 investments in FN and Metis post-secondary education totalling
approximately $50 million.34
Centered on three key principles and five recommendations for a
strengthened FN education system. Work informed by participatory input
from First Nations.
Not specific to K-12
on-reserve education.
Policy-oriented
publication.
Recommendation 6: That the federal government continue to support programming and legislation that allow Aboriginal communities
to respond to violence.
20 reports between 1996 and 2015 cite the need for Indigenous (particularly Indigenous women’s) involvement in program
development and delivery that respond to their disproportionate violent victimization.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
A
Strategies
Holistic
approach
to
reduction
of
violence
centered
Ontario Native
Framework to End
on traditional continuum of the Medicine Wheel. 36
Women’s
Violence Against
Raham, Helen. 2009. “Best Practices in Aboriginal Education: A Literature Review and Analysis for Policy Directions.” Prepared for the Office of the Federal
Interlocutor, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Retrieved from
http://www.firstpeoplesgroup.com/mnsiurban/PDF/education/Best_Practices_in_Aboriginal_Education-2009.pdf.
33
Thomas, Piller. 2014. “Saskatchewan First Nations Education Gets $3M Boost from Government.” Global News.
http://globalnews.ca/news/1067492/saskatchewan-invests-3-million-toward-aboriginal-education/.
34
Ibid.
35
Canada, Government of Canada; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. 2013. « The Report of the National Panel on First Nation Elementary and
Secondary Education for Students on Reserve ». Report. <https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1373075023560/1373075345812.>
36
Ontario Native Women’s Association, and Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centre. 2007. “A Strategic Framework to End Violence Against Aboriginal
Women.” http://www.oaith.ca/assets/files/Publications/Strategic_Framework_Aboriginal_Women.pdf.
32
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Association,
Ontario
Federation of
Indian Friendship
Centres
Ontario Ministry
of Community
and Social
Services
|8
Women (2007)
Aboriginal Healing
and Wellness
Strategy
Newfoundland
and Labrador
government
Taking Action
Against Violence
2006-2012—
Violence Prevention
Initiative
Assembly of First
Nations
‘Framework for
Action to Prevent
and Address
Violence Against
Since 1994: Creation of 6 healing lodges, 7 family
shelters, 2 family violence healing programs, 2
outpatient hostels, crisis intervention teams in 47
northern communities, over 650 jobs created, 460
community-based health/healing programs, training
for over 1,000 health/social services staff. 37
Strategy operates through a network of both on
and off-reserve programs (e.g. Aboriginal health
Babies Healthy Children programs and healing
lodges.
Provincial funding in the amount of $8.6 million
announced in 2014 for expanding services
including crisis intervention, counselling,
community supports for women, children and
families at risk.38
Indigenous-specific calls to action include:
- Support leadership by Aboriginal people on
violence prevention by 2012.
- Conduct needs assessment of Provincial
government programs and services that may impact
violence prevention and victims’ services for
Aboriginal women and children by 2012.39
Adopts a three-fold approach: 1) Prevention and
awareness, 2) Community safety, 3) Policing
measures and justice responses.40
Government of Ontario- Ministry of Community and Social Services (MCSS). 2012. “Supporting Aboriginal People | Ministry of Community and Social
Services.” Ministry of Community and Social Services- Supporting Aboriginal People.
http://www.mcss.gov.on.ca/en/mcss/programs/community/programsforaboriginalpeople.aspx.
38
Newsroom Ontario. “News: Community and Social Services.” https://news.ontario.ca/mcss/en/2014/11/ontarios-aboriginal-healing-and-wellness-strategy.html.
39
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2006. “Taking Action Against Violence 2006-2012 - Violence Prevention Initiative.”
http://gov.nl.ca/VPI/initiative/actionplan2006_2012.pdf.
40
Assembly of First Nations (AFN). 2015a. “Assembly of First Nations - Framework For Action To Prevent And Address Violence Against Indigenous Women
And Girls.” Accessed November 26. http://www.afn.ca/en/framework-for-action-to-prevent-and-address-violence-against-indigenou
37
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
‘You Are Not
Alone: A toolkit
for Aboriginal
women escaping
domestic violence’
(2015)
F/P/T Responsible
for the Status of
Women
Indigenous Women
and Girls’
‘You Are Not Alone:
A toolkit for
Aboriginal women
escaping domestic
violence’ (2015)41
2007 Iqaluit
Declaration
|9
Directed at equipping Indigenous women with
community safety planning resources for
circumstances of domestic violence.
Outlines three priorities: 1) Women’s economic
security, 2) importance of supporting Aboriginal
women in leadership positions, 3) treatment of
Aboriginal women within the judicial system. 42
Documents immediate/short-term calls for action to
reduce provincial levels of violence against women.
Women Against
Violence Against
Women Rape
Crisis Centre
B.C. Ministry of
Justice
‘31 Things BC Can
Do Right Now To
End Violence
Against Women’43
A Vision for a
Violence Free BC:
Addressing violence
against women in
British Colombia
Relevant goals include:
-“Target new investments, as funding becomes
available, to support Aboriginal communities in
efforts to promote healing from the impacts of
violence against violence”.44
B.C. Minister’s
Advisory Council
on Aboriginal
Memorandum of
Understanding
Regarding Stopping
Signing held at 2014 First Nations Summit, MOU
between B.C. government (Premier and Minster of
Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation, on behalf
Measures are not Indigenous-specific.
Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC). 2010. “What Their Stories Tell Us: Research findings from the Sisters In Spirit initiative.” Retrieved from
<http://www.october4th.ca/files/2010_NWAC_SIS_Report_EN.pdf. >
42
First Nations Summit. 2014. “MOU-Regarding Stopping Violence Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” <http://www.fns.bc.ca/pdf/MOU-RegardingStopping-Violence-Signed-June-13-2014.pdf.>
43
Women Against Violence Against Women (WAVAW). 2013. “31 Things BC Can Do Right Now to End Violence against Women | WAVAW | Women
Against Violence Against Women.” March 1. http://www.wavaw.ca/31-things-bc-can-do-right-now-to-end-violence-against-women/.
44
B.C. Ministry of Justice. 2015. “A Vision for a Violence Free BC - Addressing Violence against Women in British Columbia.”
http://www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/victimservices/shareddocs/pubs/violence-free-bc.pdf.
41
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Women
(MACAW)
Violence Against
Aboriginal Women
and Girls (2014)45
B.C. Ministry of
Aboriginal
Relations and
Reconciliation
‘Giving Voice’
initiative
B.C. Ministry of
Children and
Family
Development
New Brunswick
Advisory
Committee on
Violence against
Aboriginal
Women
Manitoba
government
British Colombia’s
Provincial Domestic
Violence Plan
of all ministries), First Nations Summit, Union of
BC Indian Chiefs, BC Assembly of First Nations,
First Nations Leadership Council, Métis Nation
British Columbia.46
$120,000 allocated in 2013-14. Additionally, 37
community-based organizations to receive
$350,000 in grants for mobilization over violence
against Aboriginal women (25 programs by Nov.
2015, 12 programs by Nov. 2016).47
2014: Three-year, $5.5 million plan includes $1.5
million to develop and deliver programs for
Aboriginal women, men, and children affected by
domestic violence.48
A Strategic
Framework to End
Violence against
Wabanaki Women
(2008).49
Identifies three key areas for action to address
violence against Wabanaki Women: Capacity
building, prevention and education, and service
delivery. Outlines accompanying priorities as to
what form such action should take.
Manitoba’s MultiYear Domestic
Indigenous-specific priorities include:
- A “focus on the over-representation of Aboriginal
Listing of project details:
http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_20132017/2014ARR0044-001939.htm
First Nations Summit. 2014. “MOU-Regarding Stopping Violence Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” <http://www.fns.bc.ca/pdf/MOU-RegardingStopping-Violence-Signed-June-13-2014.pdf.>
46
First Nations Summit. 2014. “MOU-Regarding Stopping Violence Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” <http://www.fns.bc.ca/pdf/MOU-RegardingStopping-Violence-Signed-June-13-2014.pdf.>
47
Office of the Premier Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. 2014. “Premier, Aboriginal Leaders Partner to End Violence against Aboriginal
Women and Girls.” June 13. http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2013-2017/2014PREM0057-000811.htm.
45
Reconciliation, Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and. 2015. “Funding to Help Aboriginal People Affected by Violence | BC Gov News.” August 6.
https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2015ARR0035-001256.
49
The New Brunswick Advisory Committee on, and Violence against Aboriginal Women (NBACVAAW). 2008. “A Strategic Framework to End Violence
against Wabanaki Women in New Brunswick.pdf.” https://www.gnb.ca/0012/Womens-Issues/wabanaki-e.pdf.
48
| 10
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Newfoundland
and Labrador
Provincial
Association
Against Family
Violence
Government of
Canada
Public Safety
Canada
Violence Prevention
Strategy (2012)50
Moving Toward
Safety: Responding
to Family Violence
in Aboriginal and
Northern
Communities of
Labrador (2002)51
women and children in Manitoba’s shelter system."
- Working on male engagement as prevention.
Environmental scan/literature review.
Action Plan to
Address Family
Violence and Violent
Crimes Against
Aboriginal Women
and Girls (2014)
$200 million over 5 years beginning in 2015-16.
Builds onto the 2014 Economic Action Plan with an
investment of $25 million over 5 years (2010-15).52
Action Plan
(2014)
Includes: $8.6 million over 5 years for community
safety plans, $2.5 million over 5 years to engage
men and boys and empower women and girls to
alleviate violence.53
$1.72 million yearly for 5 years to develop more
community safety planning.54
Three Main Activities: 1) Developing community
capacity, 2) Supporting communities to develop
community safety plan, and/or 3) Supporting
community-based pilot projects to explore and
implement Aboriginal healing models responding
to the safety needs of Aboriginal women and girls.
Strategy Review Committee members (non-governmental). 2012. “Manitoba’s Multi-Year Domestic Violence Prevention Strategy - 2012.”
https://www.gov.mb.ca/asset_library/en/stoptheviolence/domestic_violence_prevention_strategy_2012.pdf.
51
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2006. “Taking Action Against Violence 2006-2012 - Violence Prevention Initiative.”
http://gov.nl.ca/VPI/initiative/actionplan2006_2012.pdf.
52
Government of Canada. 2014. “Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” http://www.swccfc.gc.ca/violence/efforts/action-eng.pdf.
53
Ibid.
54
Ibid.
50
| 11
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Public Safety
Canada
Aboriginal
Community Safety
Development
Contribution
Program
Funding is proposal-based. 53 communities
(including 3 urban centres) have participated in
mobilization workshops. Development of 10
community plans.55
Examples of highlighted communities under these
plans:
- Thompson, MB
- Eabametoong First Nation, ON
- Opaskwayak Cree Nation, MB
- Peepeekisis Cree Nation, SK
Status of Women
Canada
Women’s Program
3 Priority Areas: 1) Ending violence against women
and girls, 2) Improving women’s and girls’
economic security and prosperity, 3) Economic
women and girls in leadership and decision-making
roles.
Funding proposal-based, not Indigenous-specific.
Example of funded project: Laird Aboriginal
Society’s ‘Together for Justice on Language,
Violence, and Responsibility’ (Yukon)56
Status of Women
Canada
Action Plan
(2014)
$5 million over 5 years to work with FN/I/M
stakeholders to raise awareness.57
| 12
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Project Examples - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls Status of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/proj-en.html.
56
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Project Examples - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls Status of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/proj-en.html.
57
efforts/ Government of Canada. 2014. “Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” http://www.swccfc.gc.ca/violence/efforts/action-eng.pdf.
55
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
AANDC
Action Plan (2014) -Family Violence
Prevention Program
(FVPP)
$158.7 million allocated for FVPP over 5 years, of
this: $66.2 million over 5 years in funding for
expansion of family prevention projects to address
gaps and needs as identified by Aboriginal
communities.58
Example of funded projects: Wellness Planner
(Kitigan Zibi, QC), Wapikoni Mobile Initiative. 59
Department of
Justice Canada
Justice Partnership
and Innovation
Program—Violence
against Aboriginal
women and girls
component
Funding is proposal based. Seeks to “support
initiatives that contribute to reducing the
vulnerability of young Aboriginal women to
violence, including through breaking
intergenerational cycles of violence and abuse.”60
Examples of funded project:
- Native Courtworker and Counselling
Association of B.C.’s ‘Aboriginal Women’s Right
to be Safe Initiative’,
- ‘KARE Support Gathering’ (AB)
Department of
Justice Canada
Aboriginal Justice
Strategy
$22.2 million announced in 2014 Economic Action
Plan. An additional $11.1 allocated to support
community-justice programs, strengthen victims,
and address disproportiate rate of
crime/incarceration among Aboriginals.61
Announcement is currently in ‘Archived’ status
online.
| 13
efforts/ Government of Canada. 2014. “Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” http://www.swccfc.gc.ca/violence/efforts/action-eng.pdf.
59
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Project Examples - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls Status of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/proj-en.html.
60 Ibid; Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Department of Justice’s Justice Partnership and Innovation Program - Funding - Action Plan to Address Family
Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/dj-jc-en.html.
61
Government of Canada, Justice Canada. 2015. “Canada News Centre - Archived - Minister MacKay Announces an Additional $11.1 Million in Funding for the
Aboriginal Justice Strategy: Government Support for Community-Based Projects Will Continue until 2017.” In . http://news.gc.ca/web/articleen.do?nid=933169.
58
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Department of
Justice Canada
Action Plan (2014)
$500,000 over 5 years for awareness raising and to
foster healthy relationships with Aboriginal
individuals, communities, and partners.62
Department of
Justice
Family Violence
Initiative
Compendium of Promising Practices to Reduce
Violence and Increase Safety of Aboriginal Women
in Canada publication.63
Resource tool, information-based.
NWAC
Project PEACE
(Prevention,
Education, Action,
Change and
Evaluation)
Funding in the amount of $750,00064 (more
requested but denied) by SWC to “promote safety,
violence prevention and solution based approaches
for Aboriginal women and girls through
engagement processes.”65
2 webinars (female and male-specific) released in
September 2015 with accompanying PowerPoints
available online that discusses the implications of
violence and strategies for violence prevention.
| 14
In the process of developing a toolkit to support the
personal and professional development of
Indigenous women and girls, in addition to
Government of Canada. 2014. “Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” http://www.swccfc.gc.ca/violence/efforts/action-eng.pdf.
63
m Government of Canada, Department of Justice. 2012. “Department of Justice - COMPENDIUM OF PROMISING PRACTICES TO REDUCE VIOLENCE
& INCREASE SAFETY OF ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN CANADA.” July 26. http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/comp-recu/toc-tdm.html.
64
Kenneth Jackson. 2015. “Stephen Harper’s Longest War: Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women - APTN National NewsAPTN National News.”
semptember. http://aptn.ca/news/2015/09/09/stephen-harpers-longest-war-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women/.
62
65
Native Womens Association of Canada. 2015. “Project PEACE.” NWAC. Accessed December 8. http://www.nwac.ca/policy-areas/violence-prevention-andsafety/project-peace/.
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 15
engaging Indigenous males to end cycles of
violence.
Government of
Canada
Canadian Victim Bill
of Rights
Safe Streets and
Communities Act
Congress of
Aboriginal
Peoples
Family Homes on
Reserves and
Matrimonial
Interests or Rights
Act
Miykiwan Toolkit
Delineates rights of victims of crime at the federal
level.
Related legislation.66
Elimination of conditional sentences and house
arrest for serious and violent crimes.
Enhanced status and rights of Indigenous women
on-reserve.
Multiple factsheets available. Toolkit designed to
enhance quality of life for off-reserve Indigenous
peoples as an informative resource to raise
awareness and increase engagement about impacts
of family violence towards individual/community
healing/resilience.67
Statut of Women. 2015. “Measures and Actions - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status
of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/op-ap-en.html.
67
Congres of Aboriginal Peoples. 2015. “The Miykiwan Toolkit | National Aboriginal Organization.” Accessed December 8. http://abo-peoples.org/all-projectlist/violence-prevention/.
66
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Pauktuutit Inuit
Women of
Canada
Yukon
government
National Strategy to
Prevent Abuse in
Inuit Communities
and Sharing
Knowledge, Sharing
Wisdom: A Guide to
the National Strategy
(2006)68
Prevention of
Violence Against
Aboriginal Women
Fund
| 16
Document is rooted in Inuit principles and values
towards a vision for a healthier Inuit society;
emphasis on healing from violence for both victims
and abusers.
Strategic Priorities69 listed as:
1. Make abuse in Inuit communities a priority issue.
2. Raise awareness and reduce tolerance of abuse.
3. Invest in training and capacity development.
4. Sustain front-line workers and community
services.
5. Deliver services that heal the Inuit.
6. Expand programs that build on Inuit strengths
and prevent abuse.
$1.9 million for 70 projects since its creation in
2004.
2015-16 recipients represent a total of $200,000 for
5 projects.70
Breakdown of $200,000:
- Selkirk FN-- $50,000 for 1 year
- Skookum Jim Friendship Centre
$50,000 for 2 years
- Victoria Faulkner Women’s Centre-- $50,000
for 2 years
- Kwanlin Dun Cultural Centre-- $25,000 for 1
year
- Laird Aboriginal Women’s Society-- $25,000
for 1 year.71
Listing of project details:
http://www.gov.yk.ca/news/15191.html#.VmXJHN-rTow
Congres of Aboriginal Peoples. 2015. “The Miykiwan Toolkit | National Aboriginal Organization.” Accessed December 8. http://abo-peoples.org/all-projectlist/violence-prevention/.
69
Ibid.
70
Congres of Aboriginal Peoples. 2015. “The Miykiwan Toolkit | National Aboriginal Organization.” Accessed December 8. http://abo-peoples.org/all-projectlist/violence-prevention/.
71
Ibid.
68
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Ontario Native
Women’s
Association
Community Guide to
End Violence
Against Aboriginal
Women (2011)
Identifies culturally responsive sets of best practices
and community-based approaches (e.g.
Anishinaabe Clan System, Community
Assessments) to address violence against
Indigenous women.72
Ending Violence
Association of
B.C.
Indigenous
Communities Safety
Project (ICSP)
Purpose: “To empower Aboriginal communities—
and especially women and children—to become
safer, to be aware of their legal rights, to understand
the legal risk factors and to access services and the
justice system if they become victimized.” 73
Funded by the Law Foundation of Ontario and the
Vancouver Foundation. Works in partnership with
Legal Services Society (LSS).
$1.5 million in provincial funding over next 2 years
announced in August 2015 “to increase services and
supports throughout the province for Aboriginal
people who are affected by domestic violence.”74
Funding to be distributed to partner agencies by
the BC Association of Aboriginal Friendship
Centres.
Ministry of
Aboriginal
Relations and
Reconciliation,
Ministry of
Children and
Family
Development
(B.C.)
| 17
In 2014: More than $750,000 invested in crime
prevention and anti-violence initiatives supporting
Indigenous communities.75
Government of Canada, Department of Justice. 2012. “Department of Justice - COMPENDIUM OF PROMISING PRACTICES TO REDUCE VIOLENCE &
INCREASE SAFETY OF ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN CANADA.” July 26. http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/comp-recu/toc-tdm.html.
73
Government of Canada, Department of Justice. 2012. “Department of Justice - COMPENDIUM OF PROMISING PRACTICES TO REDUCE VIOLENCE &
INCREASE SAFETY OF ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN CANADA.” July 26. http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/comp-recu/toc-tdm.html.
74
Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. 2015. “Funding to Help Aboriginal People Affected by Violence | BC Gov News.” August 6.
https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2015ARR0035-001256.
75
Ibid.
72
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
B.C. Association
of Specialized
Victim Assistance
and Counselling
Program,
Community
Coordination for
Women’s Safety
Project
Building
Partnerships to End
Violence Against
Women: A Practical
Guide for Rural and
Isolated
Communities
(2005)76
Outlines the value in developing and improving
community partnerships for gender-based violence
in rural and isolated communities.
| 18
Measures are not Indigenous-specific.
Potential linkages to be drawn to similarities
facing rural and isolated FN communities.
Highlights ‘success stories' along with the
identification of existing and anticipated challenges
to bridge gaps in information-sharing,
confidentiality and safety, etc.
Recommendation 7: That the federal government examine options to address poverty as a root cause of violence against Aboriginal
women and girls by empowering Aboriginal people through economic development opportunities and jobs and skills training.
28 reports propose actions to address violence against Indigenous women by addressing its root causes, of which employment
serves a central function.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
NWAC
Funding extended to 31 March
List of Aboriginal Agreement Holders:
Native Women’s
Aboriginal
Skills
2016.
Establishes
linkages
to
http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/aboriginal/agreement_holders.shtml
Association of
and Employee
facilitate Aboriginal women’s
Canada (NWAC)
Training
participation in economic
Strategy
(ASETS)
NWAC
Aboriginal
Women’s
Business
Entrepreneurship
opportunities. Supports can take
the form of tuition, living
allowance, child care, jobs starts,
etc.77
Created in 2012 with funding from
AANDC.
Community Coordination for Women’s Safety Project. 2005. “Building Partnership to End Violence Against Women: A Practical Guide for Rural and Isoled
Communites.” http://www.endingviolence.org/files/uploads/BuildingPartnerships.pdf.
77
Native Women’s Asoociation of Canada. 2015. “Aboriginal Skills and Employment Training Strategy (ASETS).” NWAC. Accessed December 8.
http://www.nwac.ca/policy-areas/labour-market-development/aboriginal-skills-and-employment-training-strategy-asets/.
76
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
NWAC
Network
(AWBEN)78
Strategic
Partnerships
Agreement
(SPA)
ESDC
Skills and
Partnership Fund
ESDC
ESDC
First Nations Job
Fund
Aboriginal
Labour Market
Bulletins
Funding from Employment and
Social Development Canada
(ESDC) to support labour
programming among Aboriginal
women.
Funding available to Aboriginal
organizations for the development
of training-to-employment
projects, innovation in service
delivery, etc.80
$109 million between 2013-16.
Support activities such as: skills
assessments and personalized
training.82
| 19
Most recent Engagement Session resulting in report: Bridging the
Gap—Aboriginal Women in Resource Development Engagement
(March 2015).79
Application process not currently open.
Example: $1.7 million in funding announced in May 2015 to
Nunavut’s Kivalliq Mine Training Society to provide training for
more than 300 Aboriginal people in mining and related fields.81
Part of 2013 Economic Action Plan’s on-reserve Income Assistance
Program.
Example: $1.7 million in funding announced in May 2015 to
Nunavut’s Kivalliq Mine Training Society to provide training for
more than 300 Aboriginal people in mining and related fields. 83
Informative web-based tool
providing labour market updates
with ASETS agreement holders.84
Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC). 2015. “Aboriginal Women’s Business Entrepreneurship Network (AWBEN).” NWAC. Accessed December
8. http://www.nwac.ca/policy-areas/labour-market-development/aboriginal-womens-business-entrepreneurship-network-awben/.
79
The Native Women’s Association of Canada. 2015. “Bringing the Gap: Aborginal Women and Ressource Development.” http://www.nwac.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2015/05/FINAL-Bridging-the-Gap-Aboriginal-Women-and-Resource-Development-Engagement-Session-Report.pdf.
80
Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. 2013. “Skills and Partnership Fund (Aboriginal) | ESDC.” April 6.
http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/aboriginal/partnership_fund/index.shtml?utm_source=Building+Digital+Skills&utm_medium=Link&utm_campaign=Action_Pla
n_Skills_Fall_2013.
81
CNW. 2015. “Minister Aglukkaq Announces Support for Skills Training in Nunavut -- RANKIN INLET, NU, May 26, 2015.” In . Accessed December 8.
http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/minister-aglukkaq-announces-support-for-skills-training-in-nunavut-517748541.html.
82
Government of Canada, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. 2013. “First Nations Job Fund | ESDC.” June 12.
http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/aboriginal/asets/job_fund.shtml.
83
Government of Canada, Justice Canada. 2015. “Canada News Centre - Archived - Minister MacKay Announces an Additional $11.1 Million in Funding for the
Aboriginal Justice Strategy: Government Support for Community-Based Projects Will Continue until 2017.” In . http://news.gc.ca/web/articleen.do?nid=933169.
78
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
AANDC
First Nations and
Inuit Youth
Employment
Strategy
(FNIYES)
Industry Training
Authority (ITA)
Aboriginal Skills
Training Plan
2015-18
MIZIWE BIIK
Aboriginal
Employment and
Training
program
Minwaashin Lodge—
Aboriginal Women’s
Support Centre
Aboriginal
Employment and
Training for
Youth Program,
Employment and
Comprise 2 programs: FN and
Inuit Summer Work Exchange and
FN and Inuit Link Program for
youth (aged 15-30, typically onreserve). Annual budget of $24
million.85
Strategizes effective relationbuilding and inclusive
partnerships to foster greater
Aboriginal participation in B.C.
trade sector.87
Created in 1991 and serves GTA
area with funding from Human
Resources Development Canada.
Provides funding to Aboriginal
businesses/organizations in areas
including Aboriginal selfemployment and mobility
assistance.88
Program modeled on Medicine
Wheel teachings and directed at
assisting Indigenous women to
gain meaningful work/training and
preparation for the job market. 89
Nearly 150,000 opportunities provided since inception with over
600 FN and Inuit community projects implemented yearly. 86
Funding from Canada-B.C. Job Fund.
Four cohorts of women graduating from this program annually.
Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. 2013. “Aboriginal Labour Market Bulletins | ESDC.” June 14.
http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/aboriginal/bulletins/index.shtml?pedisable=true.
85
Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. 2013. “Aboriginal Labour Market Bulletins | ESDC.” June 14.
http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/aboriginal/bulletins/index.shtml?pedisable=true.
86
Ibid.
87
The Aboriginal Initiatives of the Industry Training Authority (ITA). n.d. “Aboriginal Initiatives. Aboriginal Skills Training Plan 2015-18.”
http://www.nwac.ca/policy-areas/labour-market-development/aboriginal-skills-and-employment-training-strategy-asets/
88
“Miziwe Biik.” 2015. http://www.miziwebiik.com/.
89
Minwaashin Logde. 2015. “Minwaashin Lodge - Aboriginal Women’s Support Center.” Accessed December 8.
http://minlodge.com/index.cfm?PageName=Transitional%20Support%20and%20Housing%20Program%20-.
84
| 20
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
True
Self/Debwewendizwin
Training
Readiness
Program
Strategic
Community
Entrepreneurship
Projects
Ontario government
Métis Voyageur
Development
Fund
Ontario government
Aboriginal
Economic
Development
Fund (AEDF)
Ontario government
Youth Jobs
Strategy
Montreal Urban
Aboriginal
Community Strategy
Network
Montreal
Aboriginal
Reference
Guide:
Empowering
through
employability,
Offers culturally appropriated
guided employment readiness and
Microsoft Office training for
Indigenous women in Nipissing,
ON.90
$30 million over 10 years (20142019).91 Fund targets
development of Métis-led
entrepreneurship and business
activities in Ontario.
As part of 2014
Budget, $25 million over three
years. Includes funding directed
for community development in
region-wide employment and
skills training projects.92
$295 million over two years, 39
per cent Aboriginal program
uptake in 2014.93
Objectives include:
- “Share information and promote
services and programs related to
employability, training and
education.”
- “Create opportunities or links
that will help connect the
| 21
Project example: 16-week entrepreneurship training and business
support program by the Kenamatewin Native Learning Centre
serving Aboriginal youth in Kenora region.
the Ontario Province and Ontario Women’s Directorate. 2015. “True Self Women - Introduction.” Accessed December 8. http://www.trueself.ca/.
Ontario. 2015. “Realizing Our Potential: Ontario’s Poverty Reduction Strategy (2014-2019) | Ontario.ca.” September 8. http://www.ontario.ca/page/realizingour-potential-ontarios-poverty-reduction-strategy-2014-2019-all.
92
https://news.ontario.ca/maa/en/2014/10/ontario-launches-aboriginal-economic-development-fund.html
93
Ontario. 2015. “Realizing Our Potential: Ontario’s Poverty Reduction Strategy (2014-2019) | Ontario.ca.” September 8. http://www.ontario.ca/page/realizingour-potential-ontarios-poverty-reduction-strategy-2014-2019-all.
90
91
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Quebec Native
Women Inc.
training and
education!
(2013)
Employment and
Training
Program
Kagita Mikam
Rupertsland Institute
Métis Training
to Employment
Program
Aboriginal community with
employers.”94
Eligible to Aboriginal women who
are unemployed, under-employed,
or requiring assistance with
employment maintenance.
Objective:
“To improve the employment
potential and earning capacity of
Aboriginal women living offreserve.”
Programs dedicated to providing
training and employment services
that better equip and integrate
Aboriginal clients into the labour
force.95
Program areas include: Aboriginal
business service network, local
labour partnership, and job
creation partnership.96
Comprise various employmentdriven operations including Métis
Employment Services and the
Métis Centre for Professional
Development. Additional services
offer include the travelling
‘Mobile MTES’ that are RVs
Montreal Urban Aboriginal Community Strategy Network. n.d. “Montreal Aboriginal Reference Guide Empowering Through Employability, Training and
Education!” https://www.mcgill.ca/fph/files/fph/guidereferenceautochtonean.pdf.
95
Quebec Native Women (FAQNW). 2015. “Québec Native Women Inc - Employment and Training Dossier.” Accessed December 8. http://www.faqqnw.org/old/employment_en.html.
96
Kagita Mikam. 2015. “Programs - Helping Individuals Prosper.” Accessed December 8.
http://kagitamikam.org/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=42.
94
| 22
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Saskatchewan Indian
Institute of
Technologies
Women in
Trades program
Manitoba
government
Hydro Northern
Training
Initiative
(HNTI)
Indigenous
Leadership
Development
Institute, Red River
College
Aboriginal
Carpentry
Technology
Program
Innu Nation,
Nunatsiavut
Government,
Labrador
Aboriginal
Training
equipped to internet access,
computer workstations, access to
online job banks, and access to an
employment counselling office.97
Minimum 12-week program that
features hand-on skill
development designed for women
to acquire basic skills for entrylevel work in construction.98
Assists with Indigenous
placements in construction
employment positions at the
Wuskwatim and Keeyask
generating stations.99
10-month session, accepts 18
Indigenous students per session.
Program features include: First
Aid certification, cultural
awareness, access to Retention
and Support Worker, multiple
workshops (e.g. interview skills,
networking, resume writing).100
Established in 2009 with $30
million from the three partners.
Mandate extended to 2015, an
| 23
Comprise 9 training program including the Muskrat Falls Project.
398 Aboriginal men and women acquired employment through the
initiative between 2010 and 2012.
Rupertsland Institute- Metis Centre of Excellence. 2015. “Métis Training to Employment | Métis People - Looking for Training or Assistance | Métis People Looking for Training or Assistance.” Accessed December 8. http://www.metisemployment.ca/.
98
Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies (SIIT). 2015. “Women in Trades (WIT).” Accessed December 8. http://www.siit.ca/programs/details/womenin-trades-wit.html.
99
Careers in Construction. 2015. “Organizations That Help Aboriginal People to Get Started in the Construction Trades | Careers in Construction.”
http://www.careersinconstruction.ca/en/why-construction/opportunities-aboriginal-people/organizations-help-aboriginal-people-get-started.
100
Indigenous Leadership Development Institute. 2015. “Aboriginal Carpentry Program (ACP) | Indigenous Leadership Development Institute Inc.” Accessed
December 8. http://www.ildii.ca/leadership-initiatives/aboriginal-construction-technology-program-actp/.
97
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
NunatuKavut
Community Council
Various provincial
level Aboriginal
apprenticeship
initiatives
Partnership
(LATP)
Engagement from
various provinciallevel initiatives (AB)
Examples:
- Bent Arrow
Traditional
Healing Society:
Employment
- Oteenow
Employment and
Training Society
- Trade Winds to
Success
- Aboriginal
Futures Career
and Training
Centre
- Saamis
Aboriginal
Employment and
Training
Association
| 24
additional $14 million announced
in June 2013.101
Examples include:
- Aboriginal Apprenticeship
Training program (MB)102
- Aboriginal Apprenticeship
Initiative (SK)103
- Aboriginal Apprenticeship
Initiative (AB)104
101
Labrador Aboriginal- Training Partnership. 2009. “About LATP : Labrador Aboriginal Training Partnership.” December 7.
http://www.latp.ca/home/about.htm.
Manitoba. 2015. “Residents Portal - Ressources for Residents.” Accessed December 8. http://residents.gov.mb.ca/reference.html?d=details&program_id=227.
Aboriginal Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Commission. 2015. “Aboriginal Apprenticeship.” Saskatchewan Apprenticeship and Trade Certification
Commission. Accessed December 8. http://saskapprenticeship.ca/workers/aboriginal-apprenticeship/.
104
Olie Schell. n.d. “Aboriginal Apprenticeship Program.” http://aboriginal.cmec.ca/documents/AB-AboriginalApprenticeshipprogram.en.pdf.
102
103
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
New Brunswick
government
Native Council of
Nova Scotia
Nunavut
government,
Government of
Canada
Nunavut
government,
Government of
Canada
- Red Deer
Aboriginal
Employment
Services
Aboriginal Skills
and Employment
Training
Strategy
(ASETS)
Aboriginal Skills
and Employment
Training
Strategy
(ASETS)
Canada-Nunavut
Job Grant
Canada-Nunavut
Labour Market
Agreement for
Persons with
Disabilities
$4.1 million invested in a 3-year
training-for-employment program
in 2011 for Aboriginal peoples to
address the province’s labour
shortage the information and
communications sector.105
Investment of $328,000
announced in May 2015 “to
provide essential and job skills
training for over 90 Aboriginal
people across Nova Scotia.”106
6-year agreement beginning in
October 2014: $1 million share of
the $500 million Canada Job Fund
in addition another $500,000
towards employment training.107
Announced in September 2014:
$1.25 million yearly combined
with a matching contribution from
the territorial government.108
News release is currently in ‘Archived’ status on government
webpage.
105
Government of New Brunswick, Canada. 2011. “Multi-Million-Dollar Information Technology Training-for-Employment Program to Help Aboriginal
People.” September 30. http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/aboriginal_affairs/news/news_release.2011.09.1032.html.
Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. 13:30:00.0. “Canada News Centre - Archived - Harper Government Supports
Aboriginal Skills Development in Nova Scotia.” News Releases. http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=975939.
107
CBCNEWS-North,. 2014. “New Canada-Nunavut Job Grant Aimed at Training Current Employees - North - CBC News.” September 26.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/new-canada-nunavut-job-grant-aimed-at-training-current-employees-1.2778661.
106
108
Ibid.
| 25
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 26
Recommendation 8: That the federal government engage First Nation communities to examine how to improve supports for shelters
and front-line services on reserve for victims of violence.
12 reports between 2002 and 2013 raise the imperative of access to transport services and access to housing, including safe
houses and shelters.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
Indigenous
540
frontline
victim
service
worker
B.C. government
National
Aboriginal
Circle Against
Family Violence
(NACAFV)
Minwaashin
Lodge—Violence
Against
Aboriginal
Women’s
Shelter
Minwaashin
Lodge
Cultural
Competency
Core Training
NACAFV
Annual
Training
Forum
participants in this training session.109
‘Burnout Prevention for Frontline Workers’
(1-3 December 2015)110 held in Montreal.
Traditional
Support and
Housing
Program
Support includes: Safety planning, finding
and maintaining housing.111
Sex Trade
Out Reach
Mobile
(STORM)
Support includes: Crisis intervention, basic
supplies, and transportation to emergency
shelter.112
Forum opened with a speech on MMIW. Guest speakers included a
Police Officer with 25 years experience working with Indigenous
communities from the Canadian Police College.
Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf.
110
National Aboriginal Circle Against Family Violence. 2015. “Events – NACAFV.” Accessed December 8. http://54.186.211.6/news/events/.
111 Minwaashin Logde. 2015. “Minwaashin Lodge - Aboriginal Women’s Support Center.” Accessed December 8.
http://minlodge.com/index.cfm?PageName=Transitional%20Support%20and%20Housing%20Program%20-.
112
Minwaashin Logde. 2015. “Minwaashin Lodge - Aboriginal Women’s Support Center.” Accessed December 8.
http://minlodge.com/index.cfm?PageName=STORM%20-.
109
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Native Women’s
Shelter of
Montreal
Community
Support
Project
Surrey Women’s
Centre Society
Violence Free
BC—
SMART
Emergency
Response
Workers and
Protocols
Ending Violence
Association of
British
Colombia
Women Against
Violence Against
Women Rape
Crisis Centre
Provides in-house support and counselling
to families and children. Funding from
Human Resources and Skills Development
Canada since 2001.113
Funding in the amount of $45,000 to support
Emergency Victim Support Workers for 24hour crisis response services to women and
girls dealing with sexual assault. “Funding
will also be used to enhance service
coordination for indigenous women and
girls living in Boston Bar.”114
Violence Free
BC—Risk
Identification
and Safety
Planning
Training for
Indigenous
Service
Providers
$40,000 allocated to three 2-3 day training
courses to be held in Northern B.C. for
service providers working with women and
children facing domestic and sexual abuse,
child abuse, and criminal harassment. Focus
areas include: Identification, risk
management, safety planning, and
collaborative interagency response. 115
Violence Free
BC—
Enhancing
Cultural
Competency
of Front-Line
Service
Providers
$40,000 invested in strengthening cultural
knowledge and competency of front-line
staff supporting Indigenous victims of
violence. Training to be provided at two
provincial conferences and in three service
delivery areas: Metro Vancouver/Fraser
Valley, Vancouver Island, and Northern
B.C.116
Funding for these Violence Free BC-related initiatives from B.C.
Civic Forfeiture Grants (2014-15).
Full list of grant recipients:
http://www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/crimeprevention/shareddocs/pubs/201503-31_CFO_2014-15_Grants.pdf
Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal. 2015. “Projet et Programs.” Accessed December 8. http://www.nwsm.info/projects-en.html.
“Civil Forfeiture Grants 2014-15 - $5M.” n.d. http://www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/crimeprevention/shareddocs/pubs/2015-03-31_CFO_2014-15_Grants.pdf.
115
Ibid.
116 Ibid.
113
114
| 27
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Providing
Alternatives
Counselling,
Education
(PACE) Society
Kootenai
Community
Centre
Pacific
Association of
First Nation
Women
117
Ibid.
Ibid.
119
Ibid.
118
Violence Free
BC—
Violence
Support and
Prevention
Support
Groups and
One-on-One
Counselling
Violence Free
BC—
Supporting
Personal
Resilience
Violence Free
BC—
Restoring
Relationships
Training
Project
Not Indigenous-specific.
Funding in the amount of $30,000 for
services supporting women living in
Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside.
Investment will contribute to expansion of
services available to sex workers.117
Not Indigenous-specific.
$5,000 allocated to a 6-month project that
“will train and educate front-line service
providers responding to violence against
women in addressing vicarious trauma
through instruction in a variety of self care
concepts and tools.”118
Funding in the amount of $30,000 allocated
for the creation of an Indigenous-oriented
training package for front line service
workers engaged with Indigenous women
who are at risk/who have experienced
violence. Training content to include
conflict reduction strategies, restorative
relationship, non-violent communication
and prevention of violence tools.119
| 28
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
AANDC
Beendigen,
Ontario Native
Women’s
Association,
Ontario
government
Public Health
Agency of
Canada
The Healing
Journey
B.C. government
Action Plan
(2014)-Family
Violence
Prevention
Program
Talk 4
Healing
Helpline
$158.7 million over 5 years, of which $92.5
million allocated towards shelters (on- and
off-reserve).120
$242.6 million in investments since 2006. Approximately 329 FN
communities (55 per cent) served by 41 AANDC-funded
shelters.121
Help line for Indigenous women offered in
English, Ojibway, Oji-Cree, and Cree.122
Only help line of its kind province-wide.
Aboriginal
Women and
Family
Violence
(2008)
Family
Violence
Resources
Overview of common experiences of
Aboriginal women facing domestic violence
and ensuing challenges/implications facing
responders, families, and victims. 123
Provincial
Domestic
Violence Plan
Funding from the ON government.
Identifies resources (e.g. shelters and
transition housing, legal aid service, family
mediation services) listed for each province
and territory.124
September 2015: Announcement of
$500,000 to be distributed through B.C.
Housing to 56 transition houses and safe
homes for the allocation of subsidies to
Government of Canada. 2014. “Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.” http://www.swccfc.gc.ca/violence/efforts/action-eng.pdf.
121
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. 2008. “Family Violence Prevention Program.” Promotional material. November 3. http://www.aadncandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100035253/1100100035254.
122
Talk 4 Healing. 2012. “A Help Line for Aboriginal Women.” http://www.talk4healing.com/.
123
Canada. 2008. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Aboriginal Women and Family Violence.
Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada. http://www.onwa.ca/upload/documents/aboriginal-women-and-family-violence.pdf
124
The Healing Journey. 2006. “The Healing Journey - Family Violence Prevention In Aboriginal Communities.”
http://www.thehealingjourney.ca/inside.asp?SM=1.
120
| 29
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
National
Aboriginal
Circle Against
Family Violence
(NACAFV)
Ending
Violence in
Aboriginal
Communities:
Best
Practices in
Aboriginal
Shelters and
Communities
(2006)126
Alberta
government
Ontario
government
Aboriginal
Healing and
Wellness
Strategy
Indigenous women and children for
improved access to transition/safe-home
services.125
Outlines ‘best practices’ according to
several main themes (e.g. administration,
location, programming) and identifies
recurring challenges.
$15 million in funding announced in
September 2015 towards reduction of
domestic violence rates. $5 million of this
amount to be committed to “second-stage
shelters”.127
$10 million invested towards supporting
culturally appropriate programs/services to
lessen violence against Indigenous women
and domestic violence in 250
communities.128
Not Indigenous-specific.
125
British Columbia. 2015. “Helping Aboriginal Women, Kids Break Free of Violence.” December 9. http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_20132017/2015CFD0030-001336.htm.
National Aboriginal Circle, and Against Family Violence (NACAFV). 2005. “Ending Violence in AboriginalCommunities: Best Practices in Aboriginal
Origne Shelters and Communitiess.” http://www.thanl.org/media/uploads/Best_Practices_in_Aboriginal_Shelters_and_Communities_NACAFV_2006.pdf.
127
CBC News. 2015. “Alberta Women’s Shelters given $15M in New Funding - Edmonton - CBC News.” September 23.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-women-s-shelters-given-15m-in-new-funding-1.3240357.
126
128
Ontario News. 2014. “Promoting Healthy and Safe Aboriginal Communities.” News.ontario.ca. November 20.
http://news.ontario.ca/mcss/en/2014/11/promoting-healthy-and-safe-aboriginal-communities.html.
| 30
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 31
Recommendation 9: That the federal government support provincial, territorial and First Nation childcare agencies in their
responsibility to ensure effective and accountable service delivery.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
First
Nations
Child
Funding
supports
“the
safety
and
well-being
of
First
- Evaluation of the FNCFS Program
AANDC
and Family Services
Program (FNCFS)
Nations children on reserve by supporting culturally
appropriate intervention and protection services for FN
children and their families.”129 Funding distributed in
agreement with provincial legislation/standards.
conducted in 2007130
- 2008 May Report of the Auditor
General: Chapter 4—FNCFS.131
AANDC
FNCFS Funding
Models—Enhanced
Prevention Focused
Approach
Enhanced Prevention Focused Approach conducted on a
province-by-province basis through tripartite frameworks
for improved on-reserve service delivery
First Nations
Child & Family
Caring Society of
‘First Nations Child
and Family Service
Agencies in Canada’
Lists number of FN-specific services at the provincial
level:133
AB (20)
- AB: Announced in 2007 ($98.1 million
over 5 years).
- SK: Announced in 2008 ($105 million
over 5 years).
- NS: Announced in 2008 ($10 million
over 5 years).
- QC: Announced in 2009 ($59.8 million
over 5 years).
- PEI: Announced in 2009 ($1.7 million
over 5 years).
- MB: Announced in 2010 ($177.1
million over 5 years).132
Significant gaps in publicly available data
on service delivery and effectives of these
childcare/family services.
Government of Canada; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Communications. 2008. “First Nations Child and Family Services Program.”
Promotional material. November 3. https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100035204/1100100035205.
130
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada - Departemental Audit and Evaluation Branch. 2007. “Evaluation of the First Nation Child and Family Servies Program.”
http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ/STAGING/texte-text/aev_pubs_ev_06-07_1332356163901_eng.pdf.
131
Auditor General of Canada to the House of Commons. 2008. “Chapter 4 Frst Nations Child and Family Services Program - Indian and Northern Affairs
Canada.” http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/docs/aud_ch_oag_200805_04_e.pdf.
132
Government of Canada; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. 2013. “Funding Models.” Promotional material. October 17.
https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1382031054581/1382031296954.
133
First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada. 2015. “First Nations Child and Family Service Agencies in Canada.” FNCFCS.
http://www.fncaringsociety.com/child-and-family-service-agencies-canada.
129
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Canada
Office of the
Provincial
Director of Child
Welfare and
Aboriginal
Services and
Quality Assurance
Branch
Case Practice Audit
Report—Vancouver
Aboriginal Child &
Family Services
Society (March 2015)
Office of the
Ombudsman and
Child and Youth
Advocate, New
Brunswick
Hand in Hand: A
Review of First
Nations Child Welfare
in New Brunswick
(2010)
B.C. (35)
MB (17)
N.B. (9)
NF (1)
N.S. (1)
ON (12)
QC (22)
SK (20)
Fourth audit of the VACFSS (previous from 2012).
Select objectives of the audit:
- Identify barriers to providing an adequate level of
service’
- Assist in identifying training needs;
- Provide information for use in updating and/or amending
practice standards or policy.134
Identifies areas for reform and funding requirements.
Highlights need to prioritize reform processes that follow
the Touchstone Principles of FN child welfare (i.e. selfdetermination, non-discrimination, and holistic and
structural interventions and respect for culture and
language).
Identified challenges pertained to
difficulties in responding to additional
service demands (e.g. housing, addiction)
with influx of children and families from
the DTES, as well as skills-needs
incongruences. Deficiencies in staff
training also conveyed: “The child
protection program has a relatively young
and inexperienced work force with most
of the social workers and team leaders
only having a few years of child welfare
experience.”135
Not an audit/evaluation of specific
agencies.
Calls for “a reducing the number of agencies from eleven
to three and establishing a single First Nations Child and
Family Services office from which certain financial,
134
The Provincial Director of Child Welfare and Aboriginal Services Quality Assurance Branch. 2015. “Case Pratice Audit Report - Vancouver Aboriginal
Child and Family Services Society.” https://www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/about_us/aboriginal_case_practice_audits/van_ab_child.pdf.
135
Ibid.
| 32
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 33
administrative and specialized child welfare services
would be offered.”136
The Association of
Native Child and
Family Services
Agencies of
Ontario, Ontario
Ministry of
Children and
Youth Services
An Exploratory
Regional Study on
Child Welfare
Outcomes in
Aboriginal
Communities (June
2009)
Select Research Questions guiding study:
- What are the perceptions of Aboriginal children and
families about the types of services that they receive and
how should these be assessed?
- What adaptations to existing outcome measurement
strategies, including the use of LAC (Looking After
Children framework) and NOM (National Outcomes
Indicator Matrix), are required to provide a culturally
appropriate and utilization-focused framework for
evaluation with Aboriginal children, families and
communities?137
Prepared for the
Aboriginal Child
Welfare Working
Group
Many Ways Forward:
Legislative and
Service Delivery
Model Review
(Amaral, n.d.)138
Comparative overview and analysis of inter-provincial
and territorial child welfare agency service delivery
models (e.g. integrated model, band by law, tripartite
agreement) and legislation.
Participating agencies: Native Child and
Family Services of Toronto; Payukotayno
James and Hudson Bay Family Services;
Weechi-It-Te-Win Family Services Inc.,
and Anishinaabe Abinoojii Family
Services.
Underscores avenues for improvement and action on ‘best
practices’, such as: “Working with Delegated Aboriginal
Agencies and Aboriginal Affairs and Northern
Development to advance the implementation of more
effective funding approach for First Nations on-reserve
136
Office of the Ombudsman and, Child and Youth Advocate. 2010. “Hand in Hand: A Review of First Nations Child Welfare in New Brunswick.”
https://www.gnb.ca/0073/PDF/handinhand-e.pdf.
137
The Association of Native Child and Family Services Agencies of Ontario. 2009. “An Exploratory Regional Study in Child Welfare Outcomes in Aboriginal
Communities.” http://www.fncaringsociety.com/sites/default/files/docs/ANCFSAO-Final-Report-Nov2009.pdf.
138
Angelina Amaral. n.d. “Many Ways Forward - Legislative and Service Delivery Model Review.”
https://nsbs.org/sites/default/files/ftp/EQ20150108_ManyWaysForward_LegislativeReview.pdf.
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 34
voluntary and non-voluntary services to improve access
and close the gap in service quality.”139
Children First: The
Aboriginal Advisor’s
Report on the status of
Aboriginal child
welfare in Ontario
(2011)
Provides an environmental scan of the landscape of
Indigenous childcare in Ontario. Presents
recommendations “a blueprint for change for Aboriginal
child welfare in the province of Ontario.”140
Does not evaluate service delivery of
specific agencies.
Police Services
Recommendation 10: That the federal government in cooperation with municipal, provincial and territorial governments examine the
possibility of collecting police data on violence against Aboriginal women and girls that includes an ethnicity variable.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
Joint Working Group:
The Data Collection and
Information Sharing Subcommittee
The Sexual Violence
Coordinating Committee
The Sub-Committee of the
Aboriginal caucus
139
CulturallyRelevant
Victim
Services
Mandate examines current data collection on violence
against Indigenous women and explores issues and
challenges in data collection practices. This subcommittee was also
tasked with formulating recommendations for
improvements to data collection as undertaken by
ministries and various Indigenous organizations.
In 2012-13, ONWA, OFIFC, MNO and
IFN continued work on program pilots
directed towards the development of
culturally-relevant victim services for
Indigenous women and children
victimized by violence.141
Oversee the Aboriginal Sexual Violence Community
Response Initiative (ASVCRI).
Ibisd.
140
Minister of Chilfdren Youth Services. n.d. “The Aboriginal Advisor’s Report on the Status of Aboriginal Child Welfare in Ontario.”
http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/english/documents/topics/aboriginal/child_welfare_EN.pdf.
The Joint Working Group. 2013. “Making a Difference: Ending Violence Against Aboriginal Women.”
http://www.women.gov.on.ca/owd/docs/ending_violence_against_aboriginal_women_2013.pdf.
141
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 35
Ministry and Aboriginal partners are working to
advance
the Strategic Framework through the establishment and
enhancement of victim services.
The Sisters in Spirit, led by
NWAC
Statistics Canada
The Missing Women
Working Group of the
Federal/Provincial/Territorial
(FPT) Coordinating
Committee
of Senior Officials on
Criminal Justice
RMCP
Statistics
Canada
started the
Aboriginal
Community
Data
Initiative
Drafts reports summarizing data about First Nations,
Métis, and Inuit peoples142
It has recommended the development of guidelines for
police officers
to help ensure that they continue to share information
with the families of missing or murdered Indigenous
women throughout their work on these cases143
The 2014 RMCP
National Operational Overview states that their internal
database (assembled for their report) will continue
to be updated as more cases are discovered and
reported. This RCMP national database may be useful
Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf.
143 Coordinating Committee of Senior Officials Missing Women Working Group, “Report: Issues Related to the High Number of
Murdered and Missing Women in Canada”, September 2010, online: http://www.scics.gc.ca/CMFiles/830992005_e1MAJ2112011-6827.pdf
142
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
National Centre for Missing
Persons and Unidentified
Remains established by the
federal government
| 36
for
inter-jurisdictional cooperation between police
departments144
It provides law enforcement, medical examiners and
chief coroners with specialized
investigative services in cases of missing persons and
unidentified remains145
Recommendation 11: That the federal government engage Aboriginal communities and municipal, provincial, and territorial
governments to examine options to improving procedures among police services to facilitate multipartite investigation.
15 external reports from 2004 to 2015 called for improved police coordination.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
146
National
These initiatives are not specific to
The National Missing Persons Strategy includes:
RCMP
RCMP
Provincial
Involvement
Missing
Persons
Strategy
National
Centre for
Missing
Persons and
Unidentified
Remains
- Provision of guidance and supervision to the provinces.
- Updating missing persons policy.
- Completion of mandatory national missing person’s reports.
National Centre for Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains
(NCMPUR)147 involves:
-Data sharing analytical support.
-Liaison coordination and best practices.
MMAW.
Reviews have been conducted in BC calling for greater integration of
police forces; a strategic plan of action is expected by the end of 2015.
Similar reviews and recommendations have been met with political
Given the high number of law
enforcement jurisdictions available in
Canada, enhancing RCMP-level
Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf.
145
House of Commons Special Committee on Violence Against Indigenous Women. 2014. “House of Commons Committees - IWFA (41-2) - Violence Against
Indigenous Women - INVISIBLE WOMEN: A CALL TO ACTION A Report on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada.” March 2014, Chapter
4. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=6469851.
146
Royal Canadian Mounted (RCMP) Police. 2015. “RCMP’s National Missing Persons Strategy.” June 19. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/pubs/abo-aut/nmps-snpdeng.htm.
147
RCMP National Centre for Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains 2015 http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/pia-efvp/ncmpur-cnpdrn-eng.htm
144
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
resistance at the municipal level.
Regional taskforces in Alberta (Project KARE) 148 and Manitoba
(Project DEVOTE).149 The effectiveness of these initiatives has been
questioned in a parliamentary review.
| 37
coordination alone will have a limited
impact. The issue of greater
coordination between police
jurisdictions, particularly in
disjunctured urban centres like
Vancouver has been raised in
numerous reports, however local
political concerns of budget and
autonomy are often cited as
restraints.150
Recommendation 12: That the federal government encourage Aboriginal organizations, the Canadian Police College and municipal,
provincial and territorial governments to improve police officer training, including continuing education, to foster cultural
understanding and sensitivity.
21 reports between 2001 and 2015 make recommendations for strengthening relations between police forces, individuals, and
communities.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
2014-15
Report
States:
“Throughout
the
year,
the
No details as to operationalization.
RCMP
on Plans and
Priorities
F/P/T Ministers
responsible for
148
Draft Justice
Framework to
RCMP will offer cultural awareness and
sensitivity training for frontline RCMP
officers and employees. The
developmental initiatives will
emphasize Aboriginal culture,
spirituality and perceptions of law and
justice.”151
Assist with interaction between justice
officials and Aboriginal
RCMP Project KARE < http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ab/community-communaute/kare/index-eng.htm>
RCMP Project DEVOTE http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/mb/news-nouvelles/2011/2011-05-27-devote-eng.htm
150
Cessford, Jim 2009. From Integration to Organization: A Renewed Model for Policing in BC. Delta Police Department.
http://deltapolice.ca/documents/publications/cessford/integration_organization_paper_cessford.pdf
151
Royal Canadian Mounted (RCMP) Police. 2014. “Report on Plans and Priorities.” http://www.rcmpgrc.gc.ca/wam/media/432/original/b8bb911c45b726fdf4ce915067ed8c5b.pdf.
149
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Justice and
Public Safety
Ipperwash
Inquiry, York
University
Ontario Police
College
Ontario
Provincial
Policing—
Aboriginal
Policing
Bureau
Toronto Police
Department
Address
Violence
Against
Aboriginal
Women and
Girls
Canadian
Innovations in
the Provision
of Policing
Services to
Aboriginal
Peoples (2008)
Aboriginal and
First Nations
Awareness
Native
Awareness
Training
Chief’s Native
Liaison
organizations/groups to address
violence against Aboriginal women and
girls.152
Inter-provincial environmental scan.153
Online program (6hr course), part of
Canadian Police Knowledge Network.
154
Offer 16 one-week courses per year
(2011) that is open to other police
services, government agencies, and
civilian organizations for relationship
building and to foster greater cultural
awareness.155
Established in 1989 and 1992,
respectively. Conducts outreach and
152
Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Justice. 2013. “Drafts Justice Framework to Address Violence Against Aboriginal Women and Girls.”
http://www.justice.gov.sk.ca/draft-justice-framework-aboriginal-justice-violence-against-aboriginal-women-girls.
153
Hylton John H. n.d. “Canadian Innovations in the Provision of Policing Services to Aboriginal Peoples.”
https://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/ipperwash/policy_part/research/pdf/John_Hylton_Canadian_Innovations.pdf.
Canadian Police Knowledges Network. 2015. “Aboriginal and First Nations Awareness | Canada’s Leader in Online Learning for Police.”
http://www.cpkn.ca/course_aboriginal.
155
Patty Gysel. 2011. “A Place of Shared Learning -OOP Native Awareness Traning.” http://www.nativeawarenesstraining.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2014/01/1O.P.P._Review_-_Fall_2011_1.pdf.
154
| 38
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Winnipeg
Police Chief
Aboriginal
Justice
Implementation
Commission
B.C.
government
B.C.
position,
Aboriginal
Peacekeeping
Unit (APU)
Aboriginal
community
sessions
Aboriginal
Policing in
Manitoba: A
Report to the
Aboriginal
Justice
Implementation
Commission
(n.d.)158
White Paper on
Justice Reform
(Part Two)
Final Status
| 39
awareness among officers about
Indigenous cultures, history, customs,
etc.156
Current Police Chief has hosted 18
sessions since 2012 for communitycentered relationship building.157
Among numerous other
recommendations, underscores the need
for greater cultural sensitivity in
Aboriginal policing.
In response to Oppal Commission
report: “Government will ensure the
development and delivery of cultural
sensitivity training for police officers in
the province, particularly related to the
culture of violence against women in a
range of settings including family
violence, childhood sexual exploitation
and violence against women in the sex
trade.”159
In progress of implementing several
Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. < http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf>
157
CBC News - Manitoba. 2014. “Winnipeg Police Chief Meets with Aboriginal Community Members - Manitoba - CBC News.” September 9.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-chief-meets-with-aboriginal-community-members-1.2761517.
158 Rick Linden, Donald Clairmont, and Chris Murphy. n.d. “Aboriginal Policing in Manitoba - A Report to the Aboriginal Justice Implementation Commission.”
http://www.ajic.mb.ca/policing.pdf.
159
Government of British Columbia- Ministry of Justice. 2013. “White Paper on Justice Reform. Part 2: A Timely, Balanced Justice System.”
http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/law-crime-and-justice/about-bc-justice-system/justice-reform-initiatives/whitepapertwo.pdf.
156
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
government
Update Report
in Response to
Forsake—The
Report of the
Missing
Women
Commission of
Inquiry, Report
on the
implementation
of the Oppal
Commission
Report
Vancouver
Aboriginal
Community
Policing Centre
Vancouver
Police
Department
Aboriginal
Liaison Officer
Various Urban
Centres
Aboriginal
Liaison officers
| 40
recommendations, including:
- “Justice-specific Indigenous Cultural
Competency Training.”
- “Cultural competency and bias free
police training.” (Here, Police Academy
of the Justice Institute of B.C. received
grant of $205,000 from the Civic
Forfeiture Office).
- “Mechanisms to support bias-free
policies and practices.”160
15 services offered. 2 specific to
MMAW in Vancouver: 1) Sister Watch
program offers counselling, referrals for
treatment, cultural interventions, etc. 2)
Na’tsa’mat 15-month healing project to
support youth and family members of
MMAW.161
Works with Vancouver Aboriginal
Community Policing Centre on relation
building with urban Indigenous
individuals and community
organizations.162
Examples: Thunder
Bay, Winnipeg, Calgary, Saskatoon.
Government of British Columbia - Ministry of Justice. 2014. “A Final Statut Update Report in Response to: FORSAKEN - THE REPORT OF The Missing
Women Commission of Injury.” http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/law-crime-and-justice/about-bc-justice-system/inquiries/mwci_report_2014.pdf.
161 Feinstein, Pippa & Pierce, Meghan. February 2015. Review of Reports and Recommendations on Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada. Women’s
Legal Education and Action Fund. < http://www.leaf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Analysis-of-Implementation.pdf>
162
Ibid.
160
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Alberta
government,
Justice and
Solicitor
General
Public Safety
Canada, RCMP
Domestic
Violence
Police
Guidelines
(2013)
Outlines consideration for culturally
appropriate support to Indigenous
persons.163
Aboriginal
Community
Constable
Program
(ACCP)
Pubic Safety
Canada
First Nations
Policing
Program
(FNPP)
2-year pilot project created in 2010,
extended to 2015. Training for
individuals from Indigenous community
to serve as armed, uniformed police
officer to support general duty
constables and compliment their work
in a culturally appropriate manner.
Program is cost-shared: 46% by federal
government, 54% by
provincial/territorial government. 164,
165 166
,
Established in 1991. Seeks to provide
police services to FN and Inuit
communities on reserve that are
“professional, effective, culturally
appropriate, and accountable to the
communities they serve.”167
| 41
Currently 2 Constables in Thompson, 1 in Gypsumville, and 1 at
Nisichawayasihk. 21 week training at Depot Academy in Regina.
Application process not currently open.
$1.7 billion spent since program’s inception. In 2013, $612.4 million
over 5 years allocated.168
Internal Evaluation:
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng2009-10/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng-2009-10-eng.pdf
Government of Alberta - Justice and Solicitor General. 2013. “Domestic Violence Police Guidelines.”
https://www.solgps.alberta.ca/safe_communities/community_awareness/family_violence/Publications/DomesticViolencePoliceGuidelines.pdf.
164
Public Safety Canada. 2009. “A Safe and Resilient Canada: 2009-2010 Evaluation of First Nations Policing Program.”
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng-2009-10/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng-2009-10-eng.pdf.
163
Fraser Institute. 2015. “First Nations education in Canada: Comparable funding, inferior outcomes.” Retrieved from
https://www.fraserinstitute.org/article/first-nations-education-in-canada-comparable-funding-inferior-outcomes.
166
Royal Canadian Mounted (RCMP) Police. 2014. “Community Constables.” April 1. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/recruiting-recrutement/rm-mr/cc-cg-eng.htm.
167
Public Safety Canada. 2009. “A Safe and Resilient Canada: 2009-2010 Evaluation of First Nations Policing Program.”
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng-2009-10/vltn-frst-ntns-plcng-2009-10-eng.pdf
168
CBC News - Aboriginal. 2014. “First Nations Policing Program Slammed by Auditor General - Aboriginal - CBC.” May 6.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/first-nations-policing-program-slammed-by-auditor-general-1.2633460.
165
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 42
Auditor General Audit:
http://www.oagbvg.gc.ca/internet/English/parl_oag_201405_05_e_39336.html#hd5g
Montreal
Police,
Montreal
Urban
Aboriginal
Community
Strategy
Network
Saskatchewan
Polytechnic
June 2015 announcement that police
force have committed to new training
protocol to better respond to cases of
MMAW centered on cultural and
historical content.169
Aboriginal
Policing
Preparation
(Applied
Certificate)
29-week applied certificate program.
Preparatory material has Aboriginal
focus of ‘historical and contemporary
Aboriginal issues’ integrated into
training for law enforcement experience
in the field.170
Violence against women and girls
Recommendation 13: That the federal government continue to take appropriate action to reduce human trafficking and to reduce the
violence and harm associated with prostitution.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
End
One of the main objectives of the NAFC is Human Trafficking.
National
Violence
The NAFC remains committed to ensuring that there is
Association of
Against
adequate, sustained, and long term funding to meet the needs of
Friendship Centres
169
CBC News -Montreal. 2014. “Aboriginal Community Reaches ‘Historic’ Agreement with Montreal Police.” June 25.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/aboriginal-community-reaches-historic-agreement-with-montreal-police-1.3126705.
Saskatchewan Polytechnic. 2015. “School of Humain Services and Community Safety : Aboriginal Policing Preparation - Applied Certificate.” Accessed
December 8. http://saskpolytech.ca/programs-and-courses/programs/Aboriginal-Policing-Preparation.aspx.
170
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Indigenous
Women
and Girls
| 43
Indigenous women and girls at risk of trafficking and those that
have been trafficked within Canada. 171
The Joint Working
Group: The
Sub-Committee on
Human Trafficking
Mandate examines research and best practices to develop
options that prevent and respond to the human trafficking of
Indigenous women and girls.
Public Safety
Canada
6 majors programs173 :
- Contribution Program to Combat Child Sexual
Exploitation and Human Trafficking (CPCCSEHT)
- Victims Fund
- Women’s Program
- Anti-Crime Capacity Building Program (ACCBP)
- Global Peace and Security Fund (GPSF)
Consists of five Aboriginal organizations and
ten provincial ministries and is guided by the
Strategic Framework to End Violence Against
Aboriginal Women (the Strategic
Framework)172
Action for Indigenous Women (AFIW). 2015. “A Groundbreaking Friendship Centre Initiative.” http://nafc.ca/wpcontent/themes/nafc_new/assets/action/pdf/AFIW.pdf.
172
The Joint Working Group. 2013. “Making a Difference: Ending Violence Against Aboriginal Women.”
http://www.women.gov.on.ca/owd/docs/ending_violence_against_aboriginal_women_2013.pdf.
173 Public Safety Canada. 2015. “Human Trafficking - Funding Programs.” May 14. http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/hmn-trffckng/fndng-prgrmseng.aspx.
171
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 44
Other supports
Recommendation 14: That in implementing the public awareness strategy on substance abuse, the federal government target support to
Aboriginal communities.
Organizations
Initiative
Summary
Additional Notes
First Nations and The National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program The framework is now in effect at the
National Native
(NNADAP) helps set up and operate addiction
community, regional and national levels. As a
Alcohol and Drug Inuit Fund
programs to reduce and prevent alcohol, drug and
result, funding has enabled the team to improve
Abuse Program
solvent abuse in Indigenous communities. The
addiction services for First Nations with
National
addictions
programs
Provide access to
addictions
support
Ministry of
Attorney General
(Adult,
Community
Corrections &
Aboriginal
Corrections176
framework has:
- Supported the development of community health,
mental health and addiction plans in communities.
- Guided regional First Nations strategic planning
efforts, including those in northern Ontario to address
prescription drug abuse.
- Provided direction for a range of activities, such as
efforts to strengthen screening and assessment, and
case management.
NNADAP and NYSAP make up a network of
programming that includes First Nation addiction
treatment centres and NNADAP community-based
prevention program175.
BRITISH COLUMBIA:
- Adult, Community Corrections & Family Services
- Family Justice Services Division
ALBERTA:
- Assistant Probation Officer Program
- Community Supervision Program
assistance from the Assembly of First Nations,
National Native Addictions Partnership
Foundation, and the Government of Canada.174
Programs target the majority of First Nations and
Inuit communities.
Government of Canada, Health Canada. 2015. “National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program.” April 14. http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/anti-drugantidrogue/funding-financement/hc-sc-nnadap-pnlaada-eng.php?_ga=1.239164998.471724591.1447023006
175
Government of Canada, Health Canada. 2015. “National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program.” April 14. http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/anti-drugantidrogue/funding-financement/hc-sc-nnadap-pnlaada-eng.php?_ga=1.239164998.471724591.1447023006
176
Correctional Service of Canada Government of Canada (CSC). 2002. “Strategic Plan for Aboriginal Corrections.” September 1. http://www.cscscc.gc.ca/aboriginal/6-eng.shtml#3.
174
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Family Services)
and
Ministry for
Children and
Families (Youth
Justice Services
Division)
-
Elders Visitation Program
Kainai Community Corrections Society
Metis Nation Wilderness Camp Society
Metis Zone II Elders' Visitation Program
Native Addiction Treatment Program
Native Counselling Services of Alberta
Native Court Worker Program
Community Corrections Services
Young Offender Native Custody Homes
Youth Justice Committees
Native Summer Cultural Camps
Poundmakers Adolescent Treatment Centre-St.
Paul Alberta
- Tallcree Youth Worker Program
- Native Brotherhood / Sisterhood Program
- Native Program Co-ordinators
- Native Awareness for Corrections Workers
SASKATCHEWAN
- Prince Albert Grand Council Spiritual Healing
Lodge
- Native Cultural Survival Group
- Healing Circle
- Pluming of the Eagle
- Spiritual Life Skills (Bible Study)
- The Meyoyawin Circle Project
- Women's Healing Circle
- Women's Substance Abuse Program
- Healing Circle
- Spiritual Brotherhood
- Sacred Circle
- Drum Practice
MANITOBA
- Aboriginal Mentorship Program
- On-going Consultation with Aboriginal Staff
- Aboriginal Youth Justice Committees
- Community Participation Agreements
| 45
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
-
Rural Office Locations
Service Contracts
Honourary Probation Officers in Aboriginal
Communities
- Fine Option/Community Service Order Resource
Centres
- Culturally-Appropriate Programming
- Aboriginal Awareness Training
- Recruitment of Aboriginal Staff
- Aboriginal Probation Officer
- Community Development
- Waywayseecappo Community Corrections
- Community Justice Forums Training
- Aboriginal Elder as Community Correction Staff
- Support to Aboriginal
Agencies/Communities/Initiatives
- Manitoba Youth Centre (Winnipeg)
- Agassiz Youth Centre (Portage la Prairie)
- Aboriginal Awareness Training
- Aboriginal Elder Services
- North Star Healing Lodge - Northern Manitoba
- Native Clan Organization
- The Pas Friendship Centre
- Community Based Sweatlodge - Camp Manitou &
St. Norbert
ONTARIO:
- Native Community Corrections Program (NCCW)
- Community Corrections Services
- Native Counselling Services
- Native Program Coordinators
- Native Inmate Liaisons
- Native Inmate Substance Abuse Counselling
- Native Social Worker
- Native Support Tutor
- Native Discharge Planner
- Open Custody Facilities for Youth
| 46
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
-
Community Residential Agreements
Program Rationalization Program / Infrastructure
Renewal
- Aboriginal Strategic Policy Framework
NOVA SCOTIA
- Male Batterers Group
- Prison Liaison Program
- Innu Uauitshitun Alcohol & Drug Awareness
Program
- Mobile Treatment - Innu Nation
- Saputjivik Treatment Centre
- Sex Offender Program
- Offender Education Program
- Anger Management
NEWS- BRUNSWICK
- Youth Secure Custody Population
- Within The Community
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
- Aboriginal Addiction Counsellors
- Mi'Kmac Family Resource Centre
- Religious Services
- Diversity Program
YUKON
- Batterers Program - Aimed at individuals with
histories of spousal assault which includes a
cultural component
- Sex Offender Risk Management Teams - Risk
management on all sex offenders and group work.
- Alcohol treatment / Cognitive Skills
- Anger Management
- Based on OSAP programs
- Sweat lodges - the offering of sweat lodges
ceremonies is in the planning stages
- Elders will be involved in this process
- Cultural programs are mainly at Correctional
Institutions (Whitehorse Correctional Centre,
Teslin Correctional Centre)
| 47
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
| 48
NUNAVUT
- Outpost Camps
- Sex Offender Treatment
- Substance Abuse Treatment
- Grief and Loss Programs
- Anger Management
- Cognitive Skills Training
- On The Land Programs
QUÉBEC
- Treatment for Substance Abuse and Violence
- The implementation of Elder-assisted hearings
across the Board through regional consultation
with Aboriginal communities;
- Public education through the development of an
information booklet specifically targeting
Aboriginal communities
- The review of the NPB's Corporate Policy on
Aboriginal Offenders;
- Undertaking consultations with women offenders
with special attention given to the needs of
Aboriginal women offenders;
- The evaluation of the Elder-assisted hearings
program
Recommendation 15: That the federal government examine opportunities to improve the incorporation of best practices into existing
programs and services available to Aboriginal women and girls.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
End
The
Friendship
Centre
Movement
will
specifically:
NAFC
Violence
Against
Indigenous
Women
-
Provide the information, tools and support Indigenous women and girls need to
remain safe, plan for their future and participate in the conversation about
violence and victimization
Engage men, families, communities and the general public to change the
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
and Girls
Status of Women
Canada
Funding
Department of
Justice
Funding
conditions and behaviours that lead to violence against Indigenous women and
girls
- Collect real-time data to share with researchers and government at a later time.
Many programs and services have come together and will roll out nationally in
June 2015177, :
- A4W Live: A mobile site for Indigenous youth to safe-space for conversations
about issues facing the youngest in our community with a backbone of
important factual content
- National Re-launch of the New Journeys Website: a go-to resource for
thousands of people looking for transition resources
- Directly Engaging Men and Boys with I Am a Kind Man & Moose Hide: A
vital programs to address issues of violence and victimization.
- Annual Indigenous Women’s Policy Leadership Award
- Community Safety Planning: To pilot a project based on best practices in
community safety planning.
- Human Trafficking.
Women’s Program has three priorities:
- Ending violence against women and girls
- Improving women's and girls' economic security and prosperity
- Encouraging women and girls in leadership and decision-making roles
-
-
| 49
Aims to achieve the full
participation of women in
the economic, social and
democratic life of
Canada.178
Justice Partnership and Innovation Program, Violence against Aboriginal
women and girls component. The objective is to support initiatives that
contribute to reducing the vulnerability of young Aboriginal women to
violence, including through breaking intergenerational cycles of violence and
abuse179.
Victims Fund Program. The objective is to support projects and activities that
encourage the development of new approaches, promote access to justice,
improve the capacity of service providers, foster the establishment of referral
Action for Indigenous Women (AFIW). 2015. “A Groundbreaking Friendship Centre Initiative.” http://nafc.ca/wpcontent/themes/nafc_new/assets/action/pdf/AFIW.pdf.
178 Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Funding - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status of
Women Canada.” Accessed December 8. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/fun-fin-en.html.
179
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Funding - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status of
Women Canada.” Accessed December 8. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/fun-fin-en.html.
177
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
Public Safety
Canada
Funding
| 50
networks, and/or increase awareness of services available to victims of crime
and their families180.
Aboriginal Community Safety Development Contribution Program. Seeks to
support communities in the development of efficient, integrated approaches that
can maximize government investments. This will be accomplished by supporting
three broad activities181.
Moving to action
Recommendation 16: That the federal government implement all of the recommendations above in a coordinated action plan.
12 reports spanning 2002 and 2015 call for the creation of a national action plan to address violence against Indigenous women
and girls.
Organizations
Initiative Summary
Additional Notes
2015-16
plans
prioritize
“Actively
engaging
with
Aboriginal
Ministry of
partners through a Joint Working Group comprised of five key
Aboriginal Affairs,
Aboriginal partners and 10 provincial ministries to develop a
Ontario
National Framework for co-ordinating action to end violence
government
against Aboriginal women and girls.”182
Federal
government
Invisible
Women
(2014) -Dissenting
opinion of
“That the federal government, based on the motion presented to
the House by Nikki Ashton (M-444), and with leadership from
Indigenous communities, specifically Indigenous women and
their representatives, develop and implement a national action
plan to address violence against Indigenous women and girls
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Department of Justice’s Justice Partnership and Innovation Program - Funding - Action Plan to Address Family Violence
and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status of Women Canada.” April 1. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/dj-jc-en.html.
181
Status of Women Canada. 2015. “Funding - Action Plan to Address Family Violence and Violent Crimes Against Aboriginal Women and Girls - Status of
Women Canada.” Accessed December 8. http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/fun-fin/ap-pa/fun-fin-en.html.
182
Ontario, Government of. 2015. “Published Plans and Annual Reports 2015-2016: Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs.” Text. Ontario.ca. October 22.
https://www.ontario.ca/page/published-plans-and-annual-reports-2015-2016-ministry-aboriginal-affairs.
180
Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women
the NDP
Federal
government
Assembly of First
Nations
Multiple
stakeholders
Invisible
Women
(2014) -Dissenting
opinion of
the Liberal
Party
| 51
that addresses the structural root of the violence as well as the
accountability and coordination of government bodies charge
with preventing and responding to violence.”183
“The Liberal Party of Canada recommends the immediate
development and implementation of a national action plan to
address violence against Indigenous women and girls, the
structural root causes of that violence, and to address the
coordination and accountability of government bodies charged
with preventing and responding to the violence.” 184
Coordinated And Urgent Action to End Violence Against
Indigenous Women and Girls—Towards a National Action
Plan (2012)185
National Roundtable on Missing and Murdered Indigenous
Women and Girls (February 2015)
House of Commons Special Committee on Violence Against Indigenous Women. 2014. “House of Commons Committees - IWFA (41-2) - Violence Against
Indigenous Women - INVISIBLE WOMEN: A CALL TO ACTION A Report on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada.” March 2014, Chapter
4. Ibid
184 Ibid.
185 Association of First Nations. 2012. “Coordinated and Urgent Action to End Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girs - Towards a National Action
Plan.” http://www.afn.ca/uploads/files/misssing_and_murdered_indigenous_women/afnendviolencepaper-naws.pdf.
183