Today’s Warm Up
Lines of Latitude are called _________. They
run _______________ and are measured
___________.
Lines of Longitude are called _________. They
run _______________ and are measured
___________.
Let’s Review our Homework
1. If you were going to the opening of a new
amusement park, which map would you
use? Why?
2. If you wanted to find out about how
different counties in Texas voted on an
issue, which map would you use? Why?
3. If you were planning a hike, which kinds of
maps would you use? Why?
This Week at a Glance
Monday: 5 themes of Geography
Tuesday: Maps-Continued
Wednesday: Maps
Thursday: Maps
Friday: (Extreme Weather) Case StudyMapping Hurricane Katrina
Remember!
Terms:
You have a
vocabulary/unit snap
shot at the end of this
week!!!
● GIS,
● Global
Position
System,
● Greenwich
Mean time
● International
Date Line
● Latitude
● Longitude
● Map
● Map Scale
● Meridian
● Parallel
● Prime
Meridian
● Projection
● Remote
Sensing
● Scale
● Cartography
● Mental Map
Today’s Learning Objective
Today we will analyze maps for distortion using
oranges, maps, and a graphic organizer.
Today’s Agenda:
1. Warm-Up
2. TPO
3. Textbooks
4. Map Distortion Activity
5. Map Projections
Orange World Map
Instructions:
You and your partner will receive a copy of a
map. You must attach your world map to the
ball. You may not tuck any paper under, but
you may cut if you need to.
Questions:
What problems did you and your partner have
during this activity?
Warm-Up (On your Cornell Notes)
Define the term distortion
Thursday, September 3, 2015
AP Human Geo Warm-Up
Remember!
Terms:
You have a
vocabulary/unit snap
shot at the end of this
week!!!
● GIS,
● Global
Position
System,
● Greenwich
Mean time
● International
Date Line
● Latitude
● Longitude
● Map
● Map Scale
● Meridian
● Parallel
● Prime
Meridian
● Projection
● Remote
Sensing
● Scale
● Cartography
● Mental Map
Today’s Learning Objective
Today we will analyze maps for distortion using
a webquest.
Today’s Agenda:
1. Warm-Up
2. TPO
3. Introduction to Map Projections
4. Webquest
Map Projections
Map Projections
●
Map Projection show the Earth (3D) on a flat
(2D) surface.
Map Projections
●
Projecting a 3D object on a flat (2D) surface
causes distortion. Map projections cause
distortion in:
●
●
●
●
Distance
Direction
Shape
Area
See how different
South America can
look depending on
the map projection?!
Map Projections
●
There are many
different map
projections, and they
all have different
functions.
Specific Types of Projections
●
●
Most try to preserve at
least one characteristic
from being distorted (either
distance, direction, shape or
area).
Usually, limiting distortion
in one area causes more
distortion in the other
areas. For example…
What’s wrong
with this map?
Web Quest
●You will be assigned a laptop.
●Using the provided websites, you will have
the class period to explore each of the map
projections on your handout.
●IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU KNOW THE
DISTORTIONS, ADVANTAGES, AND
DISADVANTAGES FOR EACH PROJECTION!!!
●You will need to bring a completed chart to
class TOMORROW!!!
Closure
●Which map projection is best suited for
navigation purposes?
Three Main Types of Map Projections
●
●
●
Cylindrical Projections
Conical Projections
Azimuthal Projections (flattened surface)
Cylindrical Projections
●
●
Show the world projected onto a cylinder, then
rolled out.
Good for comprehensive views of the world, but
often distort the area or shape
Conical Map Projections
●
●
●
Show the world projected onto a cone, then rolled out.
This projection significantly distorts scale, but is often
true to direction
Used for regional and topographical maps, not good
for world maps.
Azimuthal (or Planar) Projections
●
●
Shows a portion of the earth projected onto a flat
plane
Good for polar maps, distort area in outer latitudes,
less distortion in the middle (preserves shape).
Mercator Map Projection
●
●
●
Example of a
Conical Map
Projection
Shows accurate
direction, but
distorts area.
Was used as a
nautical map (for
people who travel
by sea).
Sinusoidal Projection Map
●Maintains equal area despite conformal distortion.
No distortion with area, direction, and distance
Peter’s Projection
●
●
Cylindrical Projection
Equal-area projection that de-emphasizes
area exaggerations, but distorts shape
Goode’s Interrupted Homolosine
Projection
●
●
●
●
A type of conical projection
Limits area distortion
“Interrupted” because it leaves out some areas and
spreads others out (like Antarctica) to prevent further
distortion
Useful for GIS data maps and overall world maps with little
disruption.
Polar Projection
●
●
Azimuthal (planar) projection
Good for mapping the polar regions, not good
for a world map.
Flow Line Map
Flow maps typically use lines to show the
movement of people and goods between
various locations. The lines are varied in width
to represent the quantity of flow
Mollweide Projection
It is an equal-area projection designed for
small-scale maps.
Fuller Projection
●Maintains the accurate size and shape of
landmasses
●Completely rearranges direction such that the
four cardinal directions (north, south, east,
and west) no longer have any meaning.
Robinson Projection
●Attempts to balance several possible projection
errors.
●Does not maintain completely accurate area, shape,
distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in
each.
●Used by National Geographic
Proportional Symbols Map
●The proportional symbol technique uses
symbols of different sizes to represent data
associated with different areas or locations
within the map.
Dot Distribution/Density Map
●A dot may be used to
locate each
occurrence of a
phenomenon.
●Where appropriate, a
dot may indicate any
number of entities,
for example, one dot
for every 100 voters.
Military families in Ohio
Choropleth Map
●Shows statistical data aggregated over
predefined regions, such as counties or states,
by coloring or shading these regions.
●For example, countries with higher rates of
infant mortality might appear darker on a
choropleth map.
Choropleth Map
Cartogram
●A cartogram is a map in which some thematic
mapping variable is substituted for land area
or distance.
●The geometry or space of the map is distorted
in order to convey the information of this
alternate variable.
Cartogram
Cartogram
Closure!
●
You run a cartography company and make
customized maps for different clients. For
each of the clients on your handout,
determine which type of map you would
create for them, and explain why that map
best fits your client’s wishes.
Warm-Up:
Get a pencil out and prepare for you
assessment. You have two minutes to study!!!
Today’s Learning Objective
Today we will review specific map projections
and weigh their pros and cons using a gallery
walk.
Today’s Agenda:
1. Warm-Up: Unit Snap Shot
2. TPO
3. Gallery Walk
4. Latitude and Longitude Practice
Map Projection Activity
Step One: I will put you into groups of three
Step Two: With you group mates, you will
report to your assigned a specific
map projection.
Step Three: Using your notes and your blank
chart, you will fill in your chart, and
ADD any additional information you
learned about your map projection on the
poster
Step Four: Once you are done, you will wait for
instruction.
Gallery Walk
●You will circumnavigate the room filling in the
gaps from yesterday’s web quest.
●Be sure to ADD what you learned from the
web quest on the poster.
●You will have two minutes at each station.
●Once you are done, you will wait for the timer
to go off.
Questions?
Latitude and Longitude Practice
You will receive a handout that will help you
practice with latitude and longitude.
You will turn this in either at the end of the
class period or at the beginning of class
tomorrow!!!
Closure:
Answer the following
questions:
● What type of map does this
image depict?
● Explain the benefits and
drawbacks of this particular
map projection.
● What aspects of this map is
distorted?