ICT for Education
An Overview
Prepared by
Wadi D. Haddad
Overview




ICTs in Education – Dilemmas and Realities
Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
Potential of ICTs
From Potential to Effectiveness
Dilemmas
Realities
 Analyze Educational
objectives
 Determine Objective for ICT
Decision
Maker
Myths
•Monolithic
•Vendors
 Understand
Potential of ICTs
•Belief
 Examine
suitability of ICTs
•Automatic
•Parents
•Doubt
 Plan
program of investment
•Computers
•Business
•Wait prerequisites
 Implement
•Substitute
and •Techies
corequisites
 Evaluate and adjust
continuously
Necessity of ICTs
Effective Learning
•Globalization of
•Economy
•Information
• Tech Innovations
• Knowledge-based
•Economy
•Society
•Escalating Demand
for Education
For All
Anytime
Anywhere
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective
Technology
Text
Audio
Video
Computer
Internet
Storage or display
x
x
x
x
x
Exploration
x
x
x
x
x
Application
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Analysis
Evaluation
x
x
Constructing or design of
project
x
x
x
x
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective
Technology
Text
Audio
Video
Computer
Internet
Presentation
x
x
x
x
x
Demonstration
x
x
x
x
x
Drill and practice
x
(e.g.,
Language
lab)
x
x
x
x
x
x
networked
x
x
x
Animation and simulation
Research
x
Collaboration/ communication
Management of student learning
x
x
x
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location
Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter
Correspondence
Slides, transparencies
Scanners
Digital notepads and white boards
Audiotapes
Radio
Films and videos
TV broadcasts
Digital books
Web pages
CDs
Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection
Webcast
Access
Community
Linkages
Planning &
Management
Efficiency
Potential
Of
ICTs
Lifelong
Learning
Learning
Teaching
Skill Formation
Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Radio Broadcast
Interactive Radio Instruction
Television
Virtual Schools
Virtual Universities
Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency
Issues
 Dual Shift Systems
 Multigrade Schools
 Small Urban or
Rural Schools
 Flexibility in
Learning Schedule
Solutions




Broadcast Radio
Interactive Radio
Educational TV
Virtual Online
Courses
Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning
Potential
Solutions
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Radio and TV
• Multimedia Learning
Modules
• Virtual Labs
• Connecting to the Worlds
• Designing and Creating
Things
Motivate and engage learners
Bring life to concepts and processes
Foster inquiry
Provide flexibility
Allow application of information
Provide access to world of
information
• Bring the world into the classroom
• Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
• Offer tutored and individualized
learning
Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching
Issues
• Difficult Profession
• No One-Shot Training
• Continuum
 Initial Training
 Lifelong Upgrading
 Connecting
Solutions
• Multimedia Training
and Support System
• Training Videos
• Teacher Development
Portal
• Internet Resources
for Teachers
Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation
• New Workplace Realities
• E-Training
 Just-in-Time
 Convenient Place
 Up-to-Pate
 User-centric
Solutions
 Simulations
 Competency-based
multi-media
 Video and Interactive
media
 Workplace Training
Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning
Issues
Solutions
 Workers need to learn
new skills
 Modern societies demand
constant updating
 The “educated” can
become obsolete
 Life-cycle pattern is
changing
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Radio and TV
Multimedia Packages
Online Courses
Open Universities
“Third Age” Universities
Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management
• Management of Institutions and Systems
– School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities…
– System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .
• Management of Policy Making
– Storage and analysis of data
– Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
– Tracer studies and tracking systems
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Growth in ICT Access
Millions
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
Main telephone lines (millions)
1995
1996
1997
Mobile cellular subscribers (millions)
1998
1999
2000
Personal computers (millions)
2001
2002
2003
Internet users (millions)
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140
120
100
Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants
Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants
80
PCs/100 inhabitants
60
40
20
0
Africa
America w/o US
& Canada
US and Canada
Asia
Europe
Oceania
WORLD
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000
5000
Internet Hosts/10,000
inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Africa
America w/o US
& Canada
US and Canada
Asia
Europe
Oceania
WORLD
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
•
•
•
•
ICT access varies within countries
Disparities is magnified by gender factor
ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
ICT access for all requires attention to
– Infrastructure
– Cost
– Laws and regulations
Radio Stations and Receivers
Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio
Digital
Satellite
Radio
Telecenters
Women-Friendly Telecenters
•
•
•
•
•
•
Within accepted culture; fosters harmony
Women do not have to travel far
Center meets needs of men and women
No childcare problem
Space is roomy and provides privacy
Staff is well integrated
Potential
Prerequisites
Corequisites
Effectiveness
From Potential to Effectiveness
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Educational Policy
Approach to ICTs
Infrastructure
ICT-Enhanced Content
Committed and Trained Personnel
Financial Resources
Integration
Piloting and Evaluation
Conclusion
X• To Tech or not to Tech Education

• ICT ――►Education More Effective and
Responsive
ICTs
“We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.
The ultimate success of ICTs for
learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.”
The End
Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project
Evaluation
Levels of ICTs
Analysis
Application
Exploration
Storage or
display
Passive
ACTIVE
LEARNER’S ROLE
Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers
TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Research
Levels of ICTs
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation
Provider
Facilitator
TEACHER’S ROLE
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5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
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Acquisition - hardware and software
Installation and configuration
Connectivity
Maintenance :
15-20% of initial investment
Supplies:
8-10%
Utilities:
4-8%
Computer training 5-10%
Retrofitting of physical facilities
replacement costs (5-7 years)
Additional Costs
31-48%
 Acquisition and creation of content materials
 Orientation and training of staff
 Testing, evaluation and adjustment
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