IPv6 Retooling
or
“I was hoping to retire before I had to learn IPv6.”
Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College
Spring 2012
1
Agenda
1:00 pm
• (Why IPv6?)
• IPv6 Address Notation, Structure and Subnetting
• IPv6 Address Types
– Static Global Unicast
– Link-local Unicast
2:00 or 2:15 pm
• Packet Tracer Exercise:
– Configuring Static Global Unicast and Link-local unicast Addresses
3:00 pm
• Other IPv6 Address Types
– EUI-64
– Host Configuration
– DHCPv6
• OSPFv3
4:00 or 4:15 pm
• Packet Tracer Exercise:
– Configuring OSPFv3
2
Where to go for more information
3
Preparation
IPv6 Addressing: Learn It (Use It, Teach It)
• Experience a fresh and focused approach to understanding the various
types of IPv6 addressing. Understanding IPv6 addresses (including
Unicast, Anycast and Multicast) is fundamental to understanding how
IPv6 is implemented in a network.
ICMPv6 & Neighbor Discovery Protocol: Learn It (Use It, Teach It)
• Description: IPv6 isn't just a longer address but a new way the network
does business. ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol are at the
heart of how the network operates.
4
• Monday, January 31, 2011 IANA allocated two blocks of IPv4 address space to
APNIC, the RIR for the Asia Pacific region (39/8 and 106/8)
• This triggered a global policy to allocate the remaining IANA pool of 5 /8’s
equally between the five RIRs.
Overall IP Address Authority
RIR IPv4 Address Run-Down Model
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html
6
IPv6: More than just larger addresses…
Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
16
32
16
32
128 bits
128 bits
7
IPv6 is also about a new way of doing business
ipv6 unicast-routing
R1
Link-local address
automatically created
Link-local address
“I just created myself an IPv6 address just for my
own link.”
Global unicast address created
using stateless autoconfiguration
NDP Router Advertisement
1
3
DAD performed on
global unicast address
“Here is my MAC address.”
“I can now configure a global routable IPv6 address
and I know my default gateway address without
talking to a DHCPv6 server.”
Neighbor Solicitation Message
“Is anyone else using my IPv6 address?”
Address Resolution
(ARP)
NDP Neighbor Advertisement
“Hey router, I need addressing and configuration
information from you.”
2
“Here is our network prefix (address),
prefix-length (subnet mask), default
gateway address and some other info.” (OR
“You need to ask a DHCPv6 server.” )
NDP Router Solicitation
1 Neighbor Solicitation Message
“I know your IPv6 address, what is your MAC address?”
2
IPv6 Address Notation, Structure
and Subnetting
9
One Hex digit = 4
bits
 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses, enough for every
grain of sand on earth.
 340 undecillion
 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
 Eight 16-bit segments
 Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF
 Separated by colons
 Example:
3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b
 Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
 The first rule is:
 The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written.
 Example
– 3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
– 3ffe : 1944 :
100 :
a :
0 :
bc : 2500 :
d0b
Examples
3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00
3ffe :
404 :
1 : 1000 :
0 :
0 :
ef0 : bc00
3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001
3ffe :
0 :
10d :
a :
dd : c000 : e000 :
1
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
5
 Only leading zeroes can be omitted; trailing zeroes cannot, because doing
so would make the segment ambiguous.
3ffe : 1944 :
100 :
a :
0 :
bc : 2500 :
d0b
Correct Original Address
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
Wrong, Ambiguous Original Address
3ffe : 1944 : 1000 : a000 : 0000 : bc00 : 2500 : d0b0
 The second rule can reduce this address even further:
 Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments
consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon.
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 :
0 :
0 :
0 :
ff02 :
5
0 :
0 :
0 :
5
:
ff02::5
 Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be
represented with a double colon.
 Example: Both of these are correct
2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095
2001 :
d02 ::
14 :
0 :
0 :
95
OR
2001 :
d02 :
0 :
0 :
14 ::
95
 Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6 address can create
ambiguity because of the ambiguity in the number of 0’s.
 Example
2001:d02::14::95
2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095
2001:0d02:0000:0000:0000:0014:0000:0095
2001:0d02:0000:0014:0000:0000:0000:0095
 IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified
by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount.
255.255.255.0
or /24
 IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).
 Prefix length notation:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
16
32
48
64 bits
Each hexadecimal digit is 4 bits;
A hextet is a 16-bit segment
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
18
Structure of a Global Unicast Address for a typical site
/48
/64
Global Routing Prefix
Subnet ID
48 bits
16 bits
Prefix Length = 64bits
Interface ID
64 bits
Interface-ID = 64bits
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100
Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule
/48
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
/64
16 bits
Global Routing Prefix
Subnet ID
3
1
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
Interface ID
4
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100
20
 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
– 2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64
– 2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64
– 2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64
– 2340:1111:AAAA:000A::/64
 Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first
shown quartet.
– 2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64
Subnetting into the Interface ID
/112
/48
48 bits
64 bits
Global Routing Prefix
(Assigned by ISP)
16bits
Subnet ID
Prefix
Global Routing Prefix
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000
thru
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : FFFF
2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : FFFF
Interface ID
Subnet-ID
Interface ID
: 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000
: 0000 : 0000 : 0001 : 0000
: 0000 : 0000 : 0002 : 0000
: FFFF : FFFF : FFFE : 0000
: FFFF : FFFF : FFFF : 0000
22
Subnetting on a nibble boundary
/68
/48
48 bits
Global Routing Prefix
(Assigned by ISP)
20 bits
60 bits
Subnet ID
Interface ID
Subnet Prefix
/68
Subnetting on a nibble (4 bit) boundary makes it easier to list the subnets.
64 – 68 - 72 – etc.
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0000::/68
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:1000::/68
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:2000::/68
thru
2001:0DB8:AAAA:FFFF:F000::/68
23
Subnetting within a nibble
/70
/48
48 bits
Global Routing Prefix
(Assigned by ISP)
22 bits
Subnet ID
58 bits
Interface ID
Subnet Prefix
/70
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0000::/70
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0400::/70
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0800::/70
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0C00::/70
0000 Four Bits: The two leftmost
0100 bits are part of the SubnetID, whereas the two
1000
rightmost bits belong to
1100 the Interface ID.
24
IPv6 Address Types
25
IPv6 Address Types: Starting with Global Unicast
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
Note: There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6
26
Structure of a Global Unicast Address
n bits
Global Routing Prefix
001
m bits
Subnet ID
128-n-m bits
Interface ID
Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3
• Global unicast addresses
are what we similar to
IPv4 addresses.
• Routable
• Unique
IANA’s allocation of IPv6 address space in 1/8th sections
27
Global Routing Prefix Sizes
Global Routing Prefix
/23 /32
Subnet ID
/48 /56
Interface ID
/64
*RIR
*ISP Prefix
*Site Prefix
Possible Home Site Prefix
Subnet Prefix
* This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be
justified.
28
Static Global Unicast Addresses
Global Unicast
Manual
IPv6
Unnumbered
IPv6 Address
Static
Dynamic
Stateless
Autoconfiguration
DHCPv6
EUI-64
29
Global unicast addresses
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
R1
Fa0/1
.1
Fa0/0
.2
R2
Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::0100
PC-1
30
Configuring a Static Global Unicast Address
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:aaaa:1::1/64
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
• Exactly the same as an IPv4 address only different
• No space between IPv6 address and Prefix-length
• IOS commands for IPv6 are very similar to their IPv4
counterpart.
• All 0’s and all 1’s are valid IPv6 host IPv6 addresses
31
show running-config command on router R1
R1# show running-config
<output omitted for brevity>
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:AAAA:2::1/64
32
show ipv6 interface brief command on router R1
R1# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
Link-local unicast address
FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1
Global unicast address
FastEthernet0/1
[up/up]
FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D481
2001:DB8:AAAA:2::1
R1#
• Link-local address automatically created when (before) the
global unicast address is.
• We will discuss link-local addresses next.
33
show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0 command on R1
R1# show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FFE9:D480
MTU is 1500 bytes
ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
ICMP redirects are enabled
ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1
ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds
ND advertised reachable time is 0 milliseconds
ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 milliseconds
ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.
R1#
34
PC-1: Static Global
Unicast Address
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
R1
Fa0/0
Fa0/1
.1
Fa0/0
.2
R2
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::0100
64
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::0100
PC-1
35
Link-local Unicast
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
36
Link-local unicast address
10 bits
Remaining 54 bits
1111 1110 10
FE80::/10
Link-local addresses:
• Used to communicate with other
devices on the link.
• Are NOT routable off the link.
• An IPv6 device must have at least a
link-local address.
• Used by:
• Hosts to communicate to the
IPv6 network before it has a
global unicast address.
• Used as the default gateway
address by hosts.
• Adjacent routers to exchange
routing updates
/64
64 bits
Interface ID
EUI-64, Random or Manual Configuration
37
Link-local addresses
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
Link-local address: ?
R1
Link-local address: ?
Fa0/0
.2
R2
Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::0100
Fa0/1
.1
PC-1
• Link-local address automatically
created when (before) the global
unicast address is.
• FE80 + 64-bit Interface ID
• EUI-64 Format
• Randomly generated
• Link-local address can also be
created statically.
38
IPv6 link-local addresses for PC1 and PC2
/64
FE80
::
Interface ID
EUI-64, Random or Manual Configuration
PC1> ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS
IPv6 Address. . . . . .
Link-local IPv6 Address
Default Gateway . . . .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
:
: 2001:db8:aaaa:1::100
: fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1%11
: 2001:db8:aaaa:1::1
• Windows operating systems, Windows XP and Server 2003 use EUI-64.
• Windows Vista and newer do not use EUI-64 create a random 64-bit
Interface ID.
The %value following the link-local address is a Windows Zone ID and not part of IPv6.
39
R1’s Link-local address on Fa 0/0
Link-local address using EUI-64 format
R1# show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FFE9:D480
<output omitted for brevity>
Ethernet MAC address
R1# show interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 0003.6be9.d480 (bia 0003.6be9.d480)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
<output omitted for brevity>
40
R1’s MAC Address for FastEthernet 0/0
OUI (Organization Unique Identifier)
48 bits
Hexadecimal
Binary
Device Identifier
48 bits
00
03
6B
E9
D4
80
0000 0000
0000 0011
0110 1011
1110 1001
1101 0100
1000 0000
41
Modified EUI-64 Format: Create a 64-bit Interface ID from a 48-bit address
OUI (Organization Unique Identifier)
48 bits
Hexadecimal
00
03
6B
Device Identifier
48 bits
E9
D4
80
1110 1001
1101 0100
1000 0000
1110 1001
1101 0100
1000 0000
Step 1: Split the MAC address
Binary
0000 0000
0000 0011
0110 1011
0000 0000
0000 0011
0110 1011
1111 1111
1111 1110
0000 0010
0000 0011
0110 1011
1111 1111
1111 1110
1110 1001
1101 0100
1000 0000
FF
FE
E9
D4
80
Step 2: Insert FFFE
Binary
Step 3: Flip the U/L bit
Binary
Modified EUI-64 Interface ID in Hexadecimal Notation
Binary
02
03
6B
42
R1’s Link-local address on Fa 0/0
Link-local address using EUI-64 format
R1# show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FFE9:D480
<output omitted for brevity>
Ethernet MAC address
R1# show interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 0003.6be9.d480 (bia 0003.6be9.d480)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
<output omitted for brevity>
43
IPv6 Topology with
Link-local addresses
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
FE80::1
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
FE80::1
(EUI-64)
R1
Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::0100
FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
(Random)
PC-1
Fa0/1
.1
FE80::2
Fa0/0
.2
R2
• Dynamic link-local addresses can
make it difficult to identify the
device.
• Because routers use link-local
addresses for exchanging routing
updates and hosts use it as their
default gateway address, it is
advantageous to use a static
address that we can easily
remember and identify.
• Link-local addresses only have to
be unique on the link!
44
Ping link-local address
R1# ping fe80::2
Output Interface: ser 0/0/0
% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g.
Serial0/1)
Output Interface: serial0/0/0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/26/32 ms
R1#
• Can ping link-local addresses but must include exit-interface.
45
ipv6 enable command
Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)# ipv6 enable
Router(config-if)# end
Router# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/1
[up/up]
FE80::20C:30FF:FE10:92E1
Router#
• Link-local addresses are automatically created whenever a global unicast
address is configured.
• If all global unicast addresses on the interface is removed (no command)
then the link-local address is removed as well.
• The ipv6 enable command will:
• Create a link-local address when there is no global unicast address
• Maintain the link-local address even when the global unicast address is
removed.
46
2001:0DB8:AAAA:2::/64
FE80::1
R1
Fa0/0
Fa0/1
.1
FE80::1
2001:0DB8:AAAA:3::/64
FE80::2
Fa0/0
.2
FE80::2
R2
Configuring static link-local addresses
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
FE80::3
R3
FE80::3 Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:4::/64
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R2(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R3(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
•
•
•
A router’s interfaces can be enabled for IPv6 like any other device on the network.
For the router to “act” as an IPv6 router it must be enabled with the ipv6-unicast
routing command.
This enables the router to:
• Send Router Advertisement messages (coming).
• Enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets.
• Participate in IPv6 routing protocols (RIPng, EIGRP for IPv6, OSPFv3)
47
Global Unicast Addresses
PC-1: Dynamic?
Router: Dynamic?
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
R1
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
Fa0/1
.1
Fa0/0
.2
R2
Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
After the lab!
PC-1
Global Unicast: ?????
48
Packet Tracer Exercise:
Configuring Static Global Unicast
and Link-local unicast Addresses
49
• Configure global unicast and linklocal addresses on all routers.
• Link-local addresses:
• R1: FE80::1
• R2: FE80::2
• R3: FE80::3
• R4: FE80::4
• Hosts are preconfigured
• Examine global, link-local and
default gateway addresses
• Add new hosts
Rick’s Café Network
Topology
PC-2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0002::/64
Fa 0/0
Rick’s Cafe
2001:0DB8:CAFE::/48
Ser 0/0/0
.2
R2
Ser 0/0/1
.1
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A001::/64
Ser 0/0/0
.1
R1
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A002::/64
Ser 0/0/1
.1
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001::/64
PC-1
2001:0DB8:FEED:0001::/64
Link to ISP
Ser 0/0/1
.2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A003::/64
Ser 0/0/0
.2
R3
Ser 0/0/
.1
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0003::/64
PC-3
Ser 0/0/0
.2
ISP
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:FACE:C0DE::/64
PC-4
50
Example 6-1 Configuring R1’s Global Unicast Addresses
R1# conf t
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:0001::1/64
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a001::1/64
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a003::1/64
R1(config-if)# end
R1#
R1# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1
R1#
51
Example 6-2 Configuring R2’s Global Unicast Addresses
R2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:0002::1/64
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a001::2/64
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a002::1/64
R2(config-if)# end
R2#
R2# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:53FF:FE87:C050
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::21B:53FF:FE87:C050
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::2
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::21B:53FF:FE87:C050
2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::1
R2#
52
Example 6-3 Configuring R3’s Global Unicast Addresses
R3(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:0003::1/64
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a003::2/64
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:a002::2/64
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/1/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:feed:0001::1/64
R3(config-if)# end
R3# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FE89:88C8
2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FE89:88C8
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::2
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FE89:88C8
2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::2
Serial0/1/0
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FE89:88C8
2001:DB8:FEED:1::1
R3#
53
Example 6-4 Configuring ISP’s Global Unicast Addresses
ISP(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
ISP(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:face:c0de::1/64
ISP(config-if)# exit
ISP(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
ISP(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:feed:0001::2/64
ISP(config-if)# end
ISP# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FED1:6E90
2001:DB8:FACE:C0DE::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::226:99FF:FED1:6E90
2001:DB8:FEED:1::2
ISP#
54
Example 6-5 Configuring R1’s Link-local Addresses
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
R1(config-if)# end
R1#
R1# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::1
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::1
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::1
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1
R1#
55
Example 6-6 Configuring R2’s Link-local Addresses
R2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::2 link-local
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::2 link-local
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::2 link-local
R2(config-if)# end
R2#
R2# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::2
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::2
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::2
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::2
2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::1
R2#
56
Example 6-7 Configuring R3’s Link-local Addresses
R3(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::3 link-local
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::3 link-local
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::3 link-local
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/1/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::3 link-local
R3(config-if)# end
R3#
R3# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::3
2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::3
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::2
Serial0/0/1
[up/up]
FE80::3
2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::2
Serial0/1/0
[up/up]
FE80::3
2001:DB8:FEED:1::1
R3#
57
Example 6-8 Configuring ISP’s Link-local Addresses
ISP(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
ISP(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::feed link-local
ISP(config-if)# exit
ISP(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
ISP(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::feed link-local
ISP(config-if)# end
ISP#
ISP# show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0
[up/up]
FE80::FEED
2001:DB8:FACE:C0DE::1
FastEthernet0/1
[administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/0
[up/up]
FE80::FEED
2001:DB8:FEED:1::2
Serial0/0/1
[administratively down/down]
ISP#
58
Other Addressing Types
59
Global Unicast Addresses
PC-1: Dynamic?
Router: Dynamic?
Global Unicast:
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::1/64
R1
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64
Fa0/1
.1
Fa0/0
.2
R2
Fa0/0
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
PC-1
Global Unicast: ?????
60
Global Unicast
Manual
IPv6
Unnumbered
IPv6 Address
Static
Dynamic
Stateless
Autoconfiguration
DHCPv6
EUI-64
61
Configuring an EUI-64 address on router R1
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:aaaa:0001::/64 ?
eui-64 Use eui-64 interface identifier
<cr> <<< All0’s address is okay!
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:aaaa:0001::/64 eui-64
R1(config-if)#
Global Unicast:
Prefix: 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Interface ID: EUI-64
2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64
R1
Fa0/0
• Router’s global unicast
address can be configured
with:
• Statically configured
prefix
• EUI-64 generated
Interface ID
62
EUI-64 format for R1’s Fa 0/0 interface in 3 simple steps
R1’s FastEthernet 0/0 48 bit MAC Address: 0003.6be9.d480
0
0000
1 0000 0000 0000
2 0000 0000 0000
3 0000 0010 0000
0
2
0
0
0000
0011
0011
0011
3
0
3
. 6
b
e
9
. D
4
8
0
0000 0011 . 0110 1011 1110 1001 . 0111 0100 1000 0000
. 0110 1011
1110 1001 . 0111 0100 1000 0000
. 0110 1011 11111111 11111110 1110 1001 . 0111 0100 1000 0000
. 0110 1011 11111111 11111110 1110 1001 . 0111 0100 1000 0000
. 6
b
F
F
F E
e
9
. D
4
8
0
Global unicast address is 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001:0203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Subnet Prefix
(Manually configured)
Interface ID
(EUI-64 format)
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:aaaa:0001::/64 eui-64
63
R1’s show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0 command
R1# show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
2001:DB8:AAAA:1:203:6BFF:FEE9:D480, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
Address using EUI-64 format
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FFE9:D480
<output omitted for brevity>
Ethernet MAC Address
R1# show interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is AmdFE, address is 0003.6be9.d480 (bia 0003.6be9.d480)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
<output omitted for brevity>
64
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
Global Unicast
Manual
IPv6
Unnumbered
IPv6 Address
Static
Dynamic
Stateless
Autoconfiguration
DHCPv6
EUI-64
65
Router Advertisements versus DHCPv6 Services
RouterA
ipv6 unicast-routing
PC-B
2
NDP Router Advertisement
“I’m everything you need (Prefix,
Prefix-length, Default Gateway)”
Or
“Here is my information but you
need to get other information such
as DNS addresses from a DHCPv6
server.”
Or
“I can’t help you. Ask a DHCPv6
server for all your information.”
1
NDP Router Solicitation “Need
information from the router”
DHCPv6 Server
Unlike IPv4….
• The router’s Router
Advertisement
determines how the
host gets its dynamic
address configuration.
• ipv6 unicast-routing
command enables
router to send Router
Advertisements.
Router Advertisements versus DHCPv6 Services
RouterA
ipv6 unicast-routing
Stateless Addressing
PC-B
1
NDP Router Advertisement
“I’m everything you need
(Prefix, Prefix-length, Default
Gateway)”
2
NDP Router Solicitation
“Need information from
the router”
DHCPv6 Server
DHCPv6 Addressing
3
DHCPv6 Solicit Message
“I need a DHCPv6 Server.”
Or
“Here is my information but
you need to get other
information such as DNS
addresses from a DHCPv6
server.”
4
DHCPv6 Advertise Message
“I’m a DHCPv6 Server.”
5
Or
“I can’t help you. Ask a
DHCPv6 server for all your
information.”
DHCPv6 Request Message
“I need addressing information.
6
DHCPv6 Reply Message
“Here is your address and other
information.”
Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
7
NDP Neighbor Solicitation Message
“Is anyone else on this link using this
address?”
67
NDP Router Advertisement and Router Solicitation Messages
RouterA
ipv6 unicast-routing
1
2
NDP Router Advertisement
Prefix: 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::
Prefix-length: /64
NDP Router Solicitation
“Need information from
the router”
MAC: 00-19-D2-8C-E0-4C
PC-1
EUI-64
To: FF02::1 (All-hosts multicast)
From: FE80::1 (Link-local
address)
3 Prefix: 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::
EUI-64 Interface ID: 02-19-D2-FF-FE-8C-E0-4C
Global Unicast Address: 2001:DB8:AAAA:1:0219:D2FF:FE8C:E04C
Prefix-length: /64
Default Gateway: Link-local address of RouterA (FE80::1)
PC1> ipconfig
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS
IPv6 Address. . . . . .
Link-local IPv6 Address
Default Gateway . . . .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
4
.
.
.
.
:
: 2001:DB8:AAAA:1:0219:D2FF:FE8C:E04C
: fe80::0219:D2FF:FE8C:E04C
: fe80::1
NDP Neighbor Solicitation Message - DAD
“Is anyone else on this link using the address:
2001:DB8:AAAA:1:0219:D2FF:FE8C:E04C?”
68
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
• An address not assigned to any physical interface and can be used for a host
to send an IPv6 packet to itself.
69
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
• Only used as source address and indicates the absence of an IPv6 address.
70
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
• Similar to private addresses in IPv4 (RFC 1918), these addresses are not
intended to be routable in the IPv6 Internet.
• However, unlike RFC 1918 addresses, unique local prefixes are globally
71
unique.
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
• An IPv6 address that carries an IPv4 address in the low-order 32 bits of
the address.
72
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
73
Multicast Addresses
8 bits
4 bits 4 bits
112bits
Group ID
1111 1111 Flag Scope
Flag
FF00::/8
0 Permanent, well-known multicast address assigned by IANA
1 Non-permanently-assigned ("transient" or "dynamically" assigned)
multicast address
Scope
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
F
Reserved
Interface-Local scope
Link-Local scope
Reserved
Admin-Local scope
Site-Local scope
Unassigned
Unassigned
Organization-Local scope
Thru D Unassigned
Global scope
Reserved
74
Assigned Multicast Addresses
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
75
Router’s Multicast Groups
R1# show ipv6 interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:AAAA:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:1::/64
Joined group address(es): Multicast Groups
FF02::1
All-nodes on this link
FF02::2
All-routers on this link
FF02::1:FF00:1
Solicited-node multicast address for Global Unicast Address
Solicited-node multicast address for Link-local Address
FF02::1:FFE9:D480
<output omitted for brevity>
• FF02 – “2” means link-local scope
• Solicited node???
76
Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
77
Use of solicited-node multicasts with addressing resolution and DAD
Address Resolution
NDP Neighbor Solicitation Message
Destination: Solicited-node Multicast
“Who ever has the IPv6 address 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001::0500
please send me your Ethernet MAC address”
PC-A
PC-B
Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
NDP Neighbor Solicitation Message
Destination: Solicited-node Multicast
“Before I use this address is anyone else on this link
using this link-local address:
FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1?”
78
Solicited-node multicast address
Unicast/Anycast Address
24 bits
104 bits
Global Routing Prefix
Subnet
ID
Interface ID
Copy
Solicited-Node Multicast Address
FF02
0000
0000
0000
104 bits
0000
0001
FF
24 bits
FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF00::/104
• Devices create a solicited node multicast address for it unicast and anycast
addresses including:
• Global Unicast Address
• Link-local Address
• Used as a destination address when don’t know the unicast address.
• Same intent as a broadcast but more efficient.
• Devices process packets with their solicited node multicast address as the79
destination address: IP and MAC.
Solicited-node multicast addresses for PC2
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001:0000:0000:0000:0200
FF02::1:FF00:200
MAC: 00-19-D2-8C-E0-4C
33-33-FF-00-02-00
PC2’s Global Unicast Address
Global Routing Prefix
2001:0DB8:AAAA
Subnet ID
Interface ID
104 bits
0001
0000
0000
0000
0000:0000:00
0000
PC-2
24 bits
00:0200
Copy
PC2’s IPv6 Solicited-Node Multicast Address
FF02
NIC: I listen for my IP
& MAC addresses
and Solicited Node IP
& MAC addresses
0001
FF
00:0200
Copy
Solicited-node Multicast address mapped to
Ethernet destination MAC address
33-33
FF-00-02-00
PC2’s IPv6 Solicited-node multicast address: FF02::1:FF00:200
PC2’s mapped solicited-node Ethernet multicast address : 33-33-FF-00-02-00
Use of solicited-node multicasts with addressing resolution and DAD
Address Resolution
NDP Neighbor Solicitation Message
Destination: Solicited-node Multicast
“Who ever has the IPv6 address 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001::0200
please send me your Ethernet MAC address”
PC-1
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001:0000:0000:0000:0200
FF02::1:FF00:200
2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001::0100
Destination MAC
33-33-FF-00-02-00
•
•
•
•
Source MAC
00-12-34-56-78-9A
Destination IPv6
FF02::1FF00:200
PC-2
MAC: 00-19-D2-8C-E0-4C
33-33-FF-00-02-00
IPv6 Header
Ethernet
NIC: I listen for my
MAC address and
Solicited Node MAC
address and IP
address
ICMPv6
Source IPv6
2002:0DB8:AAAA:0001::0100
Target IPv6
2002:0DB8:AAAA:0001::0200
Instead of a broadcast....
Sends Destination IPv6 address:
• Solicited-node multicast address: FF02::1:FF00:200
Encapsulated inside Destination MAC address:
• Solicited-node Ethernet multicast address : 33-33-FF-00-02-00
Possible that multiple devices may have the same last 24 bits in their IPv6 address81
but only those devices would have to process up to the target.
Anycast Addresses
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
82
Example of anycast addressing
Cost of 10 is my best
path to
2001:db8:abcd:1::1.
Cost to Server A = 50
Server A
2001:db8:abcd:1::1
Destination:
2001:db8:abcd:1::1
Cost to Server B = 75
Server A
2001:db8:abcd:1::1
Cost to Server C = 10
Server C
2001:db8:abcd:1::1
•
•
•
Anycast address - An address that can be assigned to more than one interface
(typically different devices).
Multiple devices can have the same anycast address.
A packet sent to an anycast address is routed to the "nearest" interface having
that address, according to the router’s routing table.
83
IPv6 Address Types
IPv6 Addressing
Unicast
Multicast
Assigned
Global Unicast
2000::/3
3FFF::/3
Link-Local
FE80::/10
FEBF::/10
Anycast
Solicited Node
FF00::/8
FF02::1:FF00:0000/104
Loopback
Unspecified
Address
::1/128
::/128
Unique Local
FC00::/7
FDFF::/7
Embedded
IPv4
::/80
84
Routing IPv6
85
• OSPFv3 rewritten but it’s the
same protocol.
• Same operations (for the most
part).
Rick’s Café Network
Topology
OSPFv3
PC-2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0002::/64
Fa 0/0
Rick’s Cafe
2001:0DB8:CAFE::/48
Ser 0/0/0
.2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A001::/64
R2
Ser 0/0/1
.1
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A002::/64
Static Route
Ser 0/0/0
.1
R1
Ser 0/0/1
.1
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001::/64
PC-1
Ser 0/0/1
.2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A003::/64
Ser 0/0/0
.2
R3
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0003::/64
PC-3
Default Route
Ser 0/1/0
.1
Ser 0/0/0
.2
2001:0DB8:FEED:0001::/64
Link to ISP
ISP
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:FACE:C0DE::/64
PC-4
2001:0DB8:FACE:C0DE::1/64
Remote Server
Partial running-config for routers R1, R2, R3 and ISP
R1# show running-config
!
hostname R1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1/64
!
R2# show running-config
!
hostname R2
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::2/64
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::1/64
R3# show running-config
!
hostname R3
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::2/64
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::2/64
!
interface Serial0/1/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FEED:1::1/64
!
ISP# show running-config
!
hostname ISP
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::FEED link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FACE:C0DE::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::FEED link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FEED:1::2/64
87
Sample IPv4 Routing Table
Router# show ip route
Codes: I - IGRP derived, R - RIP derived, O - OSPF derived,
C - connected, S - static, E - EGP derived, B - BGP derived,
* - candidate default route, IA - OSPF inter area route,
i - IS-IS derived, ia - IS-IS, U - per-user static route,
o - on-demand routing, M - mobile, P - periodic downloaded static route,
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, E1 - OSPF external type 1 route,
E2 - OSPF external type 2 route, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1 route,
N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 route
C
C
O
O
C
O
C
192.168.10.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
192.168.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
192.168.10.4 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
192.168.10.8 [110/128] via 192.168.10.2, 14:27:57, Serial0/0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
172.16.1.32/29 [110/65] via 192.168.10.6, 14:27:57, Serial0/0/1
172.16.1.16/28 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
10.10.10.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.10.2, 14:27:57, Serial0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
88
Displaying R1’s IPv6 Routing Table
R1# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L
FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R1#
• Separate IPv4 and IPv6 routing
tables.
89
Displaying R1’s Connected Routes
R1# show ipv6 route ?
Hostname or X:X:X:X::X
X:X:X:X::X/<0-128>
bgp
connected
eigrp
interface
isis
local
ospf
rip
static
summary
|
<cr>
IPv6 name or address
IPv6 prefix
BGP routes
Connected routes
EIGRP routes
interface specific routes
IS-IS routes
Local routes
OSPFv3 routes
RIPng routes
Static routes
Summary display
Output modifiers
“connected”
• Directly connected networks
R1# show ipv6 route connected
IPv6 Routing Table - 11 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
R1#
90
Displaying R1’s Local Routes
R1# show ipv6 route local
IPv6 Routing Table - 11 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
“local”
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
• NOT link-local
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1/128 [0/0]
• Local host addresses.
via ::, Serial0/0/0
• Allows the router to know when a
L
2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
packet is addressed to itself.
L
FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
FE80::/10 and FF00::8 -> Null0
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
• These are non-routable addresses.
R1#
•
•
These packets will be dropped.
Is why you must give exit interface
when pinging link-local address.
91
Enabling IPv6 Routing with the ipv6 unicast-routing command
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R2(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R3(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
ISP(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
•
•
•
A router’s interfaces can be enabled for IPv6 like any other device on the network.
For the router to “act” as an IPv6 router it must be enabled with the ipv6-unicast
routing command.
This enables the router to:
• Send Router Advertisement messages (coming).
• Enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets.
• Participate in IPv6 routing protocols (RIPng, EIGRP for IPv6, OSPFv3)
92
Static routes on R3 and ISP routers
R3(config)#
ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/1/0
ISP(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe::/48 serial 0/0/0
• Configuring an IPv6 static route is exactly the same as IPv4 only different.
• ::/0 = default route
• Notice no space between prefix and prefix-length.
93
Enabling OSPFv3 on R1
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 10.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)# exit
R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)# end
R1#
94
•
Rick’s Café Network
Topology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OSPFv3
PC-2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0002::/64
Fa 0/0
Rick’s Cafe
2001:0DB8:CAFE::/48
Ser 0/0/0
.2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A001::/64
R2
Ser 0/0/1
.1
Configure OSPFv3 in OSPF
domain.
Configure default IPv6 static
route from R3 to ISP.
Configure static route on ISP for
Rick’s Café network.
Ping within OSPFv3 domain
Show ipv6 route
Show ipv6 ospf neighbors
Show ipv6 ospf ?
Note: default-information
originate not available in PT.
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A002::/64
Static Route
Ser 0/0/0
.1
R1
Ser 0/0/1
.1
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0001::/64
PC-1
Ser 0/0/1
.2
2001:0DB8:CAFE:A003::/64
Ser 0/0/0
.2
R3
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:CAFE:0003::/64
PC-3
Default Route
Ser 0/1/0
.1
Ser 0/0/0
.2
2001:0DB8:FEED:0001::/64
Link to ISP
ISP
Fa 0/0
2001:0DB8:FACE:C0DE::/64
PC-4
2001:0DB8:FACE:C0DE::1/64
Remote Server
OSPFv3 Configurations for R2 and R3
R2(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R2(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)# router-id 10.2.2.2
R2(config-rtr)# exit
R2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config-if)# end
R2#
R3(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)# router-id 10.3.3.3
R3(config-rtr)# exit
R3(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config-if)# end
R3#
96
Distributing the Default Route on R3
R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)# ?
area
OSPF area parameters
auto-cost
Calculate OSPF interface cost according to bandwidth
default
Set a command to its defaults
default-information
Distribution of default information
default-metric
Set metric of redistributed routes
discard-route
Enable or disable discard-route installation
distance
Administrative distance
distribute-list
Filter networks in routing updates
exit
Exit from IPv6 routing protocol configuration mode
ignore
Do not complain about specific event
interface-id
Source of the interface ID
log-adjacency-changes Log changes in adjacency state
maximum-paths
Forward packets over multiple paths
no
Negate a command or set its defaults
passive-interface
Suppress routing updates on an interface
process-min-time
Percentage of quantum to be used before releasing CPU
redistribute
Redistribute IPv6 prefixes from another routing
protocol
router-id
router-id for this OSPF process
shutdown
Shutdown protocol
summary-prefix
Configure IPv6 summary prefix
timers
Adjust routing timers
R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate
R3(config-rtr)# end
R3#
97
R1’s Routing Table
R1# show ipv6 route ospf
IPv6 Routing Table - 12 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
O
2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
O
2001:DB8:CAFE:3::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
O
2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::/64 [110/128]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
R1#
98
Verifying Reachability with the ping command
R1# ping 2001:db8:cafe:1::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/4 ms
R1# ping 2001:db8:cafe:2::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1# ping 2001:db8:face:c0de::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:FACE:C0DE::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms
R1#
99
show ip protocols command on R1
R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Interfaces (Area 0):
Serial0/0/1
Serial0/0/0
FastEthernet0/0
Redistribution:
None
R1#
100
show ipv6 ospf neighbor command on R1
R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID
10.3.3.3
10.2.2.2
R1#
Pri
1
1
State
FULL/
FULL/
-
Dead Time
00:00:32
00:00:31
Interface ID
6
6
Interface
Serial0/0/1
Serial0/0/0
101
show ipv6 ospf interface command on R1
R1# show ipv6 ospf interface serial 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 10.1.1.1
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:01
Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 3
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 10.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R1#
102
R1#show running-config
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:1::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 10.1.1.1
log-adjacency-changes
!
R1#
R2#show running-config
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:2::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A001::2/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::2 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 10.2.2.2
log-adjacency-changes
Selected running-config
outputs relevant to
OSPFv3
R3#show running-config
!
hostname R3
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:3::1/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A003::2/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:A002::2/64
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Serial0/1/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::3 link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FEED:1::1/64
!
ipv6 route ::/0 Serial0/1/0
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 10.3.3.3
log-adjacency-changes
default-information originate
!
R3#
ISP#show running-config
!
hostname ISP
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::FEED link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FACE:C0DE::1/64
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address FE80::FEED link-local
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:FEED:1::2/64
!
ipv6 route 2001:DB8:CAFE::/48 Serial0/0/0
!
!
ISP#
103