Hazardous Materials
Transportation
March 12, 2008
Truck Bombs Used
1983, U.S. Embassies, Lebanon & Kuwait
1983, U.S. Marine Barracks, Lebanon
1988, USO Club, Italy
1992 and 1993, U.S. Embassy, Peru
1993, World Trade Center, New York
1995, Federal Building, Oklahoma City
1998, U.S. Embassies, Kenya, Tanzania
Algerian charged with
transporting explosives
 December 17, 2000
Man charged with transporting
explosives
32 year old Algerian tried to
smuggle 100 pounds of
explosive material and timer
across border at Port Angeles,
Wa.
Planned to use at LAX on New
Years Eve; Seattle’s Space
Needle was secondary target
Written Security Plan
(Part 172.800 - .804)
Part 107.601, those who offer or transport:
RC quantity of class 7
>55 lb. Class 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
>1.06 qt. Poison inhalazion hazard Zone A
Bulk shipment of HM in package greater than 3500
gallons (liquid, gas) or 468 cubic ft solid
Placarded loads
Agent or toxin regulated by CDC
Components of Written
Plan (Part 172.802)
Assess transportation security risks and
measures to address the risks
Personnel security
Unauthorized access
En route security
Plan must be:
In writing
Available to employees
Changed as conditions change
Profile of Terrorist Act
Target – select and rate value (how much
damage, how many dead, media coverage)
Casing – observe operations, schedules, etc.
and prepare written plan
Surveillance – physical plant; equipment; written
security plan; web site
Rehearsal – limited resources can’t be wasted
Driver Security
Be alert when leaving; criminal surveillance
starts within a mile of your origin
Do not discuss your cargo, destination or trip
near people you don’t know
Do not park under bridges, overpasses
Survey surroundings before leaving truck
Make sure radio or cell phone is working
properly
Perform quick walkaround at every stop
If in doubt, call 911
Driver Security (cont.)
Avoid being boxed in; leave room in front
and at rear
Keep truck locked at all times
Watch for people following you
Team driving? Leave one person in the
truck
Padlock cargo doors; use 5th wheel lock
When in doubt, call 911
Hazardous Materials
Regulations (HMR)
 Regulated by US DOT
 49 CFR §100-180
 Enforced by Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration
(PHMSA)
 Regulations apply to:
 Shippers, handlers, transporters,
packaging manufacturers, testers,
etc.
 All modes (highway, air, rail, water)
 Domestic transportation of hazmat
Registration
Part 107 Subpart G
 Applicability
 Exceptions
 General requirements
 Fees
 Recordkeeping
Training
§172.700
 Applies to all hazmat employees
 Trained before they perform hazmat function and
must be tested
 Training shall include:
 General awareness
 Function-specific
 Safety – self-protection/emergency response
 Security
 Modal-specific (highway, rail, air, etc.)
 Recurrent training – every three (3) years
 Recordkeeping required
Record of Training
§172.704(d)
 Record must include:
 Hazmat employee’s name
 Most recent completion date
 Description, copy or location
of training materials
 Name and address of trainer
 Certification of training and
testing
General Requirements
§171.2
Responsibility
No person shall
offer or accept a
hazardous material
for transportation in
commerce
...unless it’s legal!
HMR per 49 CFR
 Part 107 – Program Procedures
 Part 171 – General Information, Definitions
 Part 172 – Hazmat Table, Appendices A & B,
Markings, Labels, Shipping Papers, Placards,
Training, Emergency Information, and
Security
 Part 173 – Shipper’s Requirements
 Part 177 – Carriage by Public Highway
 Part 178 – Specifications for Packages
 Part 180 – Cargo Tank Inspections
Definitions & Abbreviations
§171.8
 Hazardous Material
 Hazard Class
 Packing Group
 Bulk and Non-bulk
 Performance-oriented Packaging (POP)
 Combination Packaging
Definitions & Abbreviations
§171.8
 Limited Quantity
 Consumer Commodity
 Hazardous Substance
 Marine Pollutant
 Hazmat Employee
 Person
Bulk Package
 Liquids - Maximum capacity over
119 gallons
 Solids - Maximum net capacity over
882 pounds and maximum capacity
over 119 gallons
 Gases - Water weight capacity over
1,000 pounds
IBC (Tote)
Composite IBCs
Flexible IBC
Cargo Tank
Tank Car
Steel Drum (Pail)
Plastic Jerrican (Pail)
Plastic Drum
Steel Drum
Hazard Classes & Divisions
CLASS 1
EXPLOSIVES
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
CLASS 2
GASES
2.1 (FLAMMABLE)
2.2 (NONFLAMMABLE)
2.3 (POISON)
CLASS 3
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
CLASS 4
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
4.1 (FLAMMABLE SOLIDS)
4.2 (SPONTANEOUSLY
COMBUSTIBLE)
4.3 (DANGEROUS WHEN
WET)
CLASS 5
OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES
5.1 (OXIDIZER)
5.2 (ORGANIC PEROXIDES)
CLASS 6
POISONS
6.1 (POISON)
6.2 (INFECTIOUS)
CLASS 7
RADIOACTIVE
CLASS 8
CORROSIVES
CLASS 9
MISCELLANEOUS
Combination Package
Consumer Commodity
DOT Hazmat Definition
49 CFR
A substance or material that is capable of posing an
unreasonable risk when transported in commerce.
This term includes:
 Substances (RQ)
 Wastes
 Marine pollutants
 Elevated temperature
Packing Groups (PG)
 PG I - Great danger
 PG II – Medium danger
 PG III – Minor danger
Hazardous Materials
Shipping Procedure
 Classify material
 Select packaging
 Communicate hazard
 Shipping papers
 Markings/labels
 Placards
 Provide emergency response information
and phone number
 Load and segregate on vehicle
Determining Hazard
Classification
 Definition starts in
Part 171.8; then
follow instructions
 Origin of information
= Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)
Performance-oriented
Packaging (POP)
4G/Y1.4/S/98
USA/+BB1053

UN Marking
POP Packaging Marking
(Combination Packaging)
Packaging
Identification
Code
u
n
United
Nations
Symbol
PG
Performance
Level
4G/Y15/S/97
USA/+AJO
Gross Weight
Solids/Inner Packaging
Year of Manufacture
Country of Authorization
Manufacturer ID
General Packaging
Requirements §173.24
 Bulk and non-bulk
 New and reconditioned
 Specification and
non-specification packaging
 Must survive the transportation:
 Must NOT leak
 Withstand impact
 No release of gases
Additional Requirements
§173.24(a)
 Inner closures upright
 Reduce friction
 Secure and
cushioning
 No nails, staples
protruding interior
 Withstand vibration
HMT
HAZMAT
TABLE
Appendix A
Appendix A-EPA Hazardous Substances
Appendix B
o Technical and chemical names
o RQ per package; see definitions for mixtures & solutions
Appendix B-Marine Pollutants
o Technical and chemical names
o “PP” for severe marine pollutant
o > 1% for SMP, 10% for other than SMP
Hazardous Substance
 Listed on “Appendix A”
 Is in a quantity in one (1) package equal
to or more than the RQ
 When in a mixture:
Equals or exceeds the concentrations
corresponding to the material’s RQ as
shown in PPM table
(i.e., 1# RQ = 20 ppm)
Hazardous Substances
Appendix A to §172.101
Table 1 – Hazardous Substances other than Radionuclides
Hazardous Substances
Acenaphthene
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Aldrin
Cupric tartrate
D001
Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Pounds (Kilograms)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1 (0.454)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
Marine Pollutant
(Listed on Appendix B)
Is a marine
pollutant if in
a 10% or 1%
solution or
mixture?
Marine Pollutants
Appendix B to §172.101
S.M.P.
………..
………..
………..
PP...…..
………..
PP...…..
Marine Pollutants
Carbofuran
Carbon tetrabromide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbophenothion
Cartap hydrochloride
Chlordane
Shipping Papers
§172.200
Each person who
offers a hazardous
material for
transportation shall
describe it in the
prescribed manner.
Basic Description
§172.202
 Proper shipping name
 Hazard class or division
 ID number
 Packing group
(Column #2)
(Column #3)
(Column #4)
(Column #5)
Acetone, 3, UN1090, PG II
 Total quantity
6/17/05
STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING
Carrier_____________ SCAC._________ Carrier’s No.______
No. of
packages
Description of articles
HM
X
Hazard
I.D.
Packing
Class Number Group
Acetone
3
Weight
Class
UN1090
Labels
II
55 gal
This is t certify that the above-named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked and
labeled and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the
Department of Transportation.
Per________________________________________
Emergency Telephone Number:_______________________
800-Cal-Help
Joe Shipper
General Entries
§172.201
 Contents (hazardous and nonhazardous shipments)
 Descriptions legible and printed
(manually or mechanically) in English
 No unauthorized codes or
abbreviations
 Package description
Contents
§172.201(a)(1)(i-iii)
Hazmat and non-hazmat can go on the
same shipping paper if:
 Hazmat listed first; or
 Contrasting color; or
 Identified with “X” or “RQ” in hazmat column.
6/17/05
STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING
Carrier_____________ SCAC._________ Carrier’s No.______
No. of
packages
Description of articles
HM
Hazard
I.D.
Packing
Class Number Group
Weight
Class
Labels
3
UN1090
II
15 gal.
X Acetic acid solution 8
UN2790
II
55 gal.
X
Acetone
Paper towels
30 lbs.
This is to certify that the above-named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked and
labeled and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the
Department of Transportation.
Per________________________________________
Emergency Telephone Number:_______________________
800-Cal-Help
Joe Shipper
Optional Sequence
§172.202(b)
UN2789, Acetic acid, glacial, 8(3), PG II
Hazardous Waste Manifest
Information *EPA form 8700-22
 Generator EPA ID
# and state #
 Five (5) digit
manifest #
 generators:
 Name
 Address
 Phone #
 Transporter name,
federal ID # and
state ID #
 Treatment, storage
and disposal
facility:





Name
Address
EPA ID #
State ID #
Phone #
Shipper’s Certification
§172.204
Signatures
 Who
 Each person who offers
 Exceptions
 Cargo tank supplied by carrier
 Private carriage
 Return of empty tank car
 Signatures
 Legibly signed by employee/agent of shipper
 Signed manually or mechanically
Non-bulk Package Marking
and Labeling
Marking Non-bulk
§172.301
Shipper shall MARK with:
 Proper shipping name
 ID number
 Technical name (if needed)
 Consignee’s or consignor’s name and
TO:
address
 Exemption (DOT-E)? ACETONE UN1090
Large Quantities of Hazmat in
Non-bulk Packages §172.301(a)(3)
 Loaded at one (1) facility
 8,820 pounds (4,000 kg) or more
 All hazmat has same proper shipping
name and ID number
 Transport vehicle/freight container
contains no other materials; hazmat
or not
1993
Transport vehicle/freight container must be
marked with ID number on both sides and
each end
Marking Requirements
§172.304
Durable and in English
Printed or affixed
Color to contrast with background
Located away from other markings
ACETONE
UN1090
ORM-D Mark
§172.316
Marking Hazardous
Waste Containers
Must affix WASTE
MARKER on drums:
 EPA ID number
 Accumulation start
date
 Proper shipping name
 UN/NA ID number
 EPA waste code
 Generator’s name and
address
Additional non-bulk
markings?
 §172.313 – Poison w/SP notation
 Mark with “Inhalation Hazard”
 §172.322 – Marine pollutant via water
 Mark with “Marine Pollutant”
 §172.324 – Hazardous substance
 Mark with name of substance and
“RQ”
Marking Bulk Packages
§172.302
 Identification number marking:
 Each side & each end >1000 gals
 Two (2) opposing sides =< 1000 gals
1993
 How (§172.332):
 Orange panel
 White square-on-point
• Materials not needing placards
 Placards
1993
Cargo Tank Marking
Additional Markings –
Bulk
 §172.313 – Poisonous

Mark “Inhalation Hazard” on two (2) opposing sides
 §172.322 – Marine Pollutant

Mark “Marine Pollutant”
•
•
Two (2) sides/ends if less than 1,000 gallons
Four (4) sides if 1,000 gallons or more
 §172.325 – Elevated Temperature

Mark “HOT” on two (2) opposing sides
 §172.326 – Portable Tanks



Shipping name on two (2) opposing sides
Name of owner
Identification number (if not visible)
Marking Bulk
§172.302
Exemption packagings:
 Mark with “DOT-E” & number
DOT-E 151
1203
Labeling
§172.400
 Shipper’s responsibility
 Label each non-bulk package
 Label each bulk package or portable
tank unless placarded
 Label each overpack, freight
container or unit load device of less
than 18 cubic meters (640 cubic
feet)
Placement of Labels
§172.406
 Printed on or affixed to
 Same surface as the
proper shipping name and
ID
 Multiple labels within
6” of each other
 Contrast with background
Acetone
UN1090
Additional Requirements
§172.402
Display of class number:
 Primary hazard
 First code listed in
Column #6 of HMT
 Display in lower corner
 Subsidiary hazards
 Second code(s) listed in
Column #6 of HMT
 Display of class number
optional (until
10/01/05)
Emergency Response
Information §172.602




Info needed, seven (7) items
Presented on:
 Shipping paper
 MSDS
 ERG
Maintenance of information:
 Carriers just like shipping
papers
 Facility operators just
like MSDS
Telephone Number
(§172.604):
 On shipping paper
 Staffed while in transit
Must be included with all applicable shipments!
Carriage by Highway
Part 177
 Driver training
 Shipping paper
review, accessibility,
and retention
 Loading, unloading,
and securement
 Segregation
Loading & Unloading
§177.834
*Carriers and Shippers (§173.30) are both responsible
Secure all packages
Segregate
No smoking
Keep fire away
Set brake
Prevent relative motion
between containers
 Vehicle attendance






Example of Proper
Securement
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LOAD AND SEGREGATION CHART
Class
1
EXPLOSIVES
1.1
1.2
EXPLOSIVES
1.3
EXPLOSIVES
1.4
VERY INSENSITIVE
EXPLOSIVES
1.5
EXTRE INSENSITIVE 1.6
EXPLOSIVES
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
FLAMMABLE
2.1
GAS
NONFLAMMABLE
2.2
GAS
POISONOUS GAS
2.3
ZONE A
POISONOUS GAS
2.3
ZONE B
FLAMMABLE
3
LIQUID
FLAMMABLE
4.1
SOLID
SPONTANEOUSLY
4.2
COMBUSTIBLE
DANGEROUS
WHEN WET
4.3
OXIDIZERS
5.1
ORGANIC
PEROXIDE
5.2
POISONOUS LIQUIDS
6.1
PGI ZONE A
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIALS
7
CORROSIVE
LIQUIDS
8
1.1
1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2
*****
*****
*****
*****
*X *X *0 *X *
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X 0
X 0
X 0
X 0
X
X
X
X 0
X 0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3 4 4
5
6 7 8
X X X X X X X X X X X XX
X
X X X
X X X X X X
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
X X X X X X X X X X X XX
X 0
X
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0 0
X X X X X X
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0
X
0
X
0
X
0
X
0 0
X
0
X
X X X X X X
X 0
0 X 0 0 0 X
X
0
0
X
0
0
0
X
Placards Not Required
§172.500(b)
 Infectious
substances
 ORM-D
 Limited quantities
 Small quantities
 Combustibles nonbulk
Placarding
§172.500
 Shipper/carrier are both responsible
 Placards must be offered to transporter
by shipper per §172.506
 Must be maintained by transporter upon
departure
Prohibited/Permissive
Placarding §172.502
 Material offered/transported must be
hazmat
 Placard displayed represents hazard
 Conforms with requirements
 Any sign/device that could be confused
for placard as of 10/1/01
General Requirements
§172.504
Must placard each:
 Bulk load
 Freight containers going
marine shipment
 Unit load device going
by air
 Transport vehicle with
IBC/totes on board
 Railcar
Containing any quantity!
Placards – 1,001 Pound
Exception §172.504(c)
Transport vehicles or freight containers:

Containing less than 1,001 pounds
aggregate gross weight of Table 2 nonbulk items:
Excepted from placarding
Dangerous Placard
§172.504(b)
 Transport vehicle, freight container, etc.,
containing non-bulk packages of:
 Two (2) or more items from Table 2
may use “Dangerous”
 Unless:
 2,205 pounds (1,000 kg) or more
of one (1) category is loaded at
one (1) location
Effective 10/1/98
North America only
Visibility and Display
§172.516









Four (4) are required
Visible from direction it faces
Securely attached
Clear of ladders, doors, tarps, etc.
No dirt or water directed onto from wheels
Displayed horizontally
Maintained by carrier
Contrast to background
Holders not to obscure
Hazmat Incidents
§171.15
Carriers, an immediate notice is
required if:
 A person is killed
 A person requires hospitalization
 Estimated damage exceeds
$50,000
As a result of transporting (loading, unloading
temporary storage of) hazmat/hazardous waste.
Report To:
800-424-8802
(NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER)
General Hazmat Exceptions
Part 173
 Small Quantities
§173.4
 Agriculture
§173.5
 Materials of Trade
§173.6
Hazardous Materials
Cargo Tanks
Must have manufacturer’s specification
plate
Must have these inspections:
External visual – every year
Internal visual – every 5 years
Leakage – every year
Pressure – every 5 years
Thickness – every 2 years
Hazardous Materials
Cargo Tanks
Over 1,000 gallons requires CDL
endorsement
Load has higher center of gravity; more
prone to rollover
Surge may occur (movement of liquid
within the tank)
Outage may occur (expansion of product
due to temperature change)
Hazardous Material
Shipping Procedure
 Identify/classify material
 Select/verify packaging
 Communicate hazard
 Shipping papers
 Markings
 Labels
 Placards
 Properly load
 Safely transport
THANK YOU !
John Backowski
602-850-6002
jbackowski@aztrucking.com