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Ethiopia
COUNTRY PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Reporting period:
2012-2015
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
UNDP Ethiopia has strategically positioned itself as a partner of choice in efforts to accelerate sustainable growth
and human development in Ethiopia. The Country Programme is firmly anchored in Ethiopia’s Growth and
Transformation Plan (2012-2015) and seeks to support the ambitious vision of the Government of Ethiopia to
meet the MDGs by 2015 and to become a middle-income country with a climate resilient and green economy
by 2025.
UNDP's country programme is aligned with the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF
2011-2015), which seeks to ensure optimal coherence and coordination of the assistance provided by various
UN agencies. Ethiopia is recognized as a self-starter country in the Delivering as One agenda. Within the
Delivering as One initiative, implementation of the UNDP country programme is undertaken through the UNDAF
Action Plan.
The smooth political transition in 2012 and 2013 is largely attributed to long-term investments made into
strengthening governance institutions and entrench constitutionalism in the national governance process.
UNDP has been implementing a USD 48.6 million Democratic Institutions Programme (DIP) from 2007-13 to
support these efforts. Through the support provided by the programme, accountability and responsiveness has
improved as a result of increased scrutiny from citizens as well as horizontal accountability of the programme
institutions. For instance, audit coverage increased from 32% in 2010 to 97% in 2013, 106 million dollar of
embezzled funds were recovered and about 50,000 public officials have registered their assets. Access to justice,
respect for the rule of law and human rights protection, social accountability and public confidence in
democratic institutions have all improved. The DIP's final evaluation confirmed the crucial and catalytic role of
UNDP’s support. UNDP promotes social cohesion in Ethiopia and continues to support the country’s peace
architecture with a view to preventing conflicts and building the culture of peace .The Government of Ethiopia
highly values this support and has demonstrated strong commitment to consolidate and build on established
gains.
UNDP also supports the enhancement of the capacities of the federal government and regional states in quality
service delivery. The revision of the grant sharing formula for Federal Budget Subsidy Allocation, supported by
UNDP, contributed to improved development outcomes in the Developing Regional States. As the budget of DRS
increased by 1.5%, child mortality fell from 123 per 1,000 births to 88; net primary enrollment rate increased
from 68% to 85%; access to safe water doubled from 35% (2005) to 71% in 2013 (World Bank).
In line with the Growth and Transformation Plan’s (GTP) focus on catalyzing private sector development and
urban unemployment, the Prime Minister’s Office launched an Entrepreneurship Development Programme in
Feb. 2013, with UNDP support. An Entrepreneurship Development Centre was established as national hub to
provide entrepreneurship and enterprise development support, targeting mainly women and youth. To date,
the programme enabled 1,049 men and women in 2013 to acquire or improve their entrepreneurial skills.
UNDP’s support to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA)
contributed in the demonstration and adoption of improved technologies and practices, strengthening the
capacity of various actors in the agricultural sector and the development of policy.
Since 2011, Ethiopia successfully implementations its Climate Resilient and Green Economy (CRGE) Strategy to
effectively reduce vulnerabilities and build resilience. In line with the strategy and with UNDP support, the
government is preparing sectoral investment plans, including institutional arrangements for managing green
economy interventions and financing. In particular, UNDP supported the establishment of a CRGE Facility and
facilitated the Government’s work on elaborating the Facility’s operational manual, which was officially launched
in Oct. 2013 and has already succeeded in attracting additional resources.
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UNDP also provided capacity building support to CRGE main sectors of CRGE, such as Energy, Industry and
Agriculture. UNDP supported the government efforts on environmental resource conservation through
mainstreaming agro-biodiversity in agricultural practices, climate information, early warning as well as
promoting autonomous adaptation at community levels. It has also been working to build national and
community resilience through supporting upstream policy support, institutional strengthening, focusing on
community livelihood recovery initiatives in the most hazard prone regions of the country.
Building on its comparative advantage, mandate and experience, UNDP Ethiopia is moving upstream, through
targeted and catalytic interventions that accelerate broad-based development and safeguard development
gains against endogenous and exogenous shocks. The country office’s focus is on strengthening national
capacities to transform policies and institutions and to empower Ethiopian citizens to achieve this vision. UNDP
is leveraging its resources, global knowledge and networks and strong partnerships with government,
development partners, private sector and, to an extent, civil society in this process. Gender approaches,
knowledge management and South-South cooperation are utilized to facilitate innovation, and scale up good
practices.
UNDP has continued to facilitate and strengthen donor coordination in Ethiopia in line with the Rome, Paris,
Accra and Busan declarations. In addition, focused partnership building initiatives with emerging economies
such as China, India, Korea and Brazil have been prioritized and are complemented by mutual learning and
knowledge exchange with countries that share similarities in their development paths, such as Malaysia, Ghana,
Rwanda and others.
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II: Country Programme Performance Summary
Country information
Country name: Ethiopia
Current country programme period: 2012-2015
Outcomes
Total
Expenditure
2012-2014
1. Increased use by agricultural
USD 21,916,556
producers of improved
institutional services, efficient
marketing system, and appropriate
technology and practices for
sustainable increase in agricultural
production and productivity by
2015 (UNDAF Outcome 1)
Key Indicators of outcome
Progress made against key indicators
a.

No. of agricultural producers that adopt
improved technologies by type of
technology, disaggregated by gender
and age and size.


The no. of small-holder farmers that accessed new practices,
technologies and markets increased by 161847in 2012 and
962,833 in 2013. Tef agronomic practices were rolled out to
2.5 million smallholder farmers
Trading volume of ECX increased by 23% in 2012-2013
Volume of grain crops production increased by 7.41% in 20122013
UNDP Contribution:
The UNDP contribution identified in the CP was to strengthen capacities of government and producer institutions to design, develop and deliver key services. This is being
carried out through a comprehensive support package to Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation initiatives, by supporting the Ministry of Agriculture to implement the
Agricultural Growth Programme (AGP) and by providing institutional strengthening and targeted support to Ethiopia’s Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA).
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were: Best practices scaled up, new technology and markets introduces and services expanded for increased production and
productivity in targeted value chains in four regions.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP’s support to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) contributed in the adoption of improved technologies and practices,
strengthening the capacity of various actors in the agricultural sector and the development of policy.
In areas where projects are completed, there is a visible impact, such as improved livelihoods, increased income, improved health and productivity, and improved
institutional services. The 2012/13 Ethiopian crop production for example has shown an increase in the estimated cropped land by about 2.78 % and volume of grain crops
production by 7.41% compared to the previous year (Central Statistical Agency, 2013). In 2011/12 the total trading volume of ECX, a transformative semi-autonomous
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entity set up by a consortium of partners which included UNDP, has increased by 23% compared to the previous year to reach a trade value of over 1 billion USD. These
results point to promising transformative sectoral outcomes UNDP is leading or associated with.
With UNDP support, the country initiated a diagnostic study for streamlining the country’s food reserves management, which recommended the establishment of the Food
Reserves Management Agency.
To promote commercialization of the agricultural sector, UNDP supported the government of Ethiopia to articulate a robust policy for commercial farmers through a
diagnostic study of existing commercial farms in the country. Large-scale impacts through scaling up of teff agronomic practices rolled out to 2.5 million smallholder farmers.
The Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute was supported to upgrade its agricultural products quality monitoring & testing laboratory opening the path to new markets
abroad.
With UNDPs support, ATA has launched a 5year strategy on cooperatives & seed sectors enabling adoption of improved varieties of seeds. The country’s seed marketing
and distribution efforts were improved by testing a modality in 33 woredas whereby seed producers directly market the seed they produce through well trained and
licensed distribution agents. UNDP also supported the development of a state-of-the-art national soil information system of with fertility mapping and fertilizer blend
recommendations. A sector strategy for Soil Health and Fertility was also finalized and officially released on July 2013. Systemic issues in productivity were further addressed
through mapping the groundwater availability in arid and semi-arid lands. 35 irrigation schemes were upgraded or constructed with the capacity of irrigating more than
6,442 hectares of land. 201,728 people benefited from water supply services. UNDPs interventions covered over 700km rural water supply and range land development
projects.
UNDP strengthened the capacity of government extension services to support accelerated innovation and growth. UNDP also strengthened the capacity of government to
make financial services more inclusive, in particular with regard to the electronic distribution of Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) payments to beneficiaries’ savings
accounts by helping to set up satellite branches of a local MFI. Approximately 14 000 people can now receive their PSNP payments in the MFI savings accounts.
UNDP also provided technical training programs to over 60 000 smallholder farmers on the use new and improved technologies and practices.
In 2014, impressive gains were seen in teff production through the introduction of new technologies such as the teff. Improved Seed Variety, Row Planting, Reduced Seed
Rate (TIRR) technology package. For instance, due to increased awareness of row planting with reduced seed rate, several farmers are now demanding row planters. As a
result, in the year 2014, wheat production has witnessed a 7% annual growth compared with the past several years. This increase is due to more usage of (more than 80%)
recommended input and agronomic best practices and improved marketing channels.
2. By 2015, private sector-led
Ethiopian manufacturing and
service industries, especially
small- and medium-scale
enterprises, have
USD 15,516,533
a.
b.
c.
% export earning of manufactured
goods;
value of import substitution;
number of women in waged
employment
a.
b.
c.
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2012/13 actual USD 243.5 million (increase by 11.3%
compared to 2011/12)
export income from semi-processed leather as well as
processed leather products has reached USD 110 million in
2012-2013 ( 6.5% increase)
1,880,000 women above 15 in waged employment
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sustainably improved their
competitiveness and employment
creation potentials (UNDAF
Outcome 2)
UNDP Contribution:
The UNDP contribution identified in the CP was to assist policy formulation, business development, investment promotion across value chains.
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were: (a) national SME Development Policy and Programme formulated; (b) solutions to bottlenecks for SME entry and
survival up-scaled.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP helps creating an enabling environment for private sector development by building capacity of government and private sector institutions.
UNDP strengthened Government's policy review and regulatory capacity in industrial development for industrial sector transformation. Policy advisory services were
provided to the Ministry of Industry on detailed assessment and review of the manufacturing sector. The support enabled the Ministry to design strategic interventions
that enhance competitiveness and productivity in the prioritized sub-sectors linked with efficient monitoring and evaluation systems. UNDP also supported the preparation
of Industrialization Road Map synthesis and its implementation strategy (up to 2025) in the manufacturing sector. A feasibility study and a business plan for piloting
Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in Ethiopia were also undertaken.
UNDP continued to support to industry development institutes mainly on leather products and metal development sub-sectors. UNDP supported the All African Trade
Fairs, which enables an improved market access to private leather manufacturers. UND also helps to lay down the basic infrastructure necessary for launching the Enterprise
Resource Planning System in Leather Industries Development Institute (LIDI). Support was also extended to the Metal Industries Development Institute (MIDI) in establishing
a Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing Technologies (NDT) Centre. MIDI also managed to design a strategy to address challenges in the basic metal and engineering sub
sector value chain in Ethiopia.
UNDP supported the development National Logistics Strategy with a goal of designing a comprehensive national logistics system that embeds the
country's trade competitiveness. A standardized input-output coefficient system to enhance industrial coherence in terms of facilitating trade through
systematization of incentives in priority export oriented sub sectors was completed with support of UNDP.
UNDP also supported the establishment of a national coffee platform housed in the Ministry of Trade to facilitate trade sector development for Ethiopia’s primary
commodity trading product. The coffee platform is now fully operational and benefits from technical and advisory services from UNDP through its Green Commodities
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Programme. For the last 3 years, UNDP also provided institutional capacity building and advisory services support to the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange. The Exchange is
now fully functional and nationally owned. 2.4 million farmers are now benefitting from the ECX.
During 2012/13, through UNDP’s support to Local Economic Development (LED), the institutional capacity of communities and local governments’ private sector supportgiving institutions has been strengthened with the support of 32 hired experts, facilitating the establishment of local economic development steering committees in 5
regions and 27 cities. In addition, information access of potential entrepreneurs has been with the establishment of Business Development Resource Centers (BDRCs). A
conducive enabling environment was also created for effective planning and implementation of 20 inclusive micro-finance strategies, business plans and other strategic
initiatives to create job opportunities for women and youth, targeting especially the poor. LED improved MSE’s access to finance by providing concessional loans to MSEs
from evolving funds that amounts to USD 1 million in total.
On private sector development, UNDP’s support to the Entrepreneurship Development Programme facilitated the establishment of a fully functional Entrepreneurship
Development Centre (EDC) in 2013. The EDC serves as the national hub to provide comprehensive entrepreneurship and enterprise development support to the people,
particularly women and the youth. So far, 1,049 men and women already acquired or improved their entrepreneurial skills and were prepared to run their own businesses.
Meanwhile, 3 sector associations developed strategic plans to guide their work. In addition, 300 local micro and small enterprises gained knowledge on relevant technologies
at MSE promotion trade fare organized by Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations (ECCSA) with support from UNDP. Implementation was initially slow
but improved in 2104 as a result of management action to enhance communication and follow-up between UNDP and EDC as the responsible partner. In addition, closer
involvement and support from relevant stakeholders, including Development Partners, related Ministries and the private sector entities collectively contributed to
improved performance and needs continuous monitoring
UNDP’s overall contribution to this outcome is towards strengthening skills, knowledge, and technology capacity of SMEs and sector support giving institutions. These
efforts will contribute to a vibrant private sector that will further strengthen MSEs to create jobs, boost wealth, and help reduce poverty, providing Ethiopia with a solid
foundation for future growth. In broader terms, UNDP will further provide advisory services support to Government to strengthen industrial policy review and regulatory
capacity as well as encourage development of trade and export promotion in the years ahead.
3. By 2015, national and sub
national institutions and
vulnerable communities have
systematically reduced disaster
risks, impacts of disasters
and have improved food security
(UNDAF Outcome 4)
USD 14,962,156
a.
Existence of DRRM systems at the
national, sub national and community
levels; number of Woredas with
reduced disaster risks;
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a.
National Policy on DRM at federal level developed, DRMStrategic Planning and Investment Framework (DRM-SPIF)
developed, decision makers and experts across federal,
regional and Woreda level familiarized with the policy and
the SPIF; draft national DRM plan, guideline for
mainstreaming DRM in to the crop and livestock sector, and
Community based DRM manual developed, 23 Woreda Task
Force Committees and 7 Zonal Task Force Committees
created, Community Based DRM Plans prepared, 677
districts and 8 regional EW databases established
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UNDP Contribution:
UNDP , along with other development partners, has been is supporting the Government’s paradigm shift in its approach to disaster risk management (DRM) by moving
from reactive response focused to a more proactive multi-sectoral and multi-hazard DRM approach. The approval of the national DRM policy consolidates this paradigm
shift. A DRM Strategic Programme and Investment Framework (DRM-SPIF), the operationalization of legal framework and institutional arrangement for putting the policy
on ground, is finalized, endorsed by the council of ministers, and being familiarized to decision makers, development partners, and experts at various levels. UNDP assumed
the lead role in familiarizing the SPIF in collaboration with Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector (DRMFSS).
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were: (a) integrated DRM systems and coordination mechanisms functional at federal and regional levels.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP has been providing support to elaborate and operationalize the National Disaster Risk Management (DRM) policy and the DRM Strategic Programme and
Investment framework (DRM-SPIF), the legal framework and institutional arrangement. The new DRM policy constitutes a substantial paradigm shift in the DRM
programme, planning and policies at all level of interventions. UNDP has also helped to establish the Africa Centre for Disaster Risk Management (ACDRM), which aims to
become a center of excellence on DRM in the region. These achievements were made possible by UNDP-facilitated South-South cooperation with various DRM centers of
expertise in Asia mainly with the Asian Center for Disaster Preparedness. Support is also extended to operationalize the Emergency coordination Center based at DRMFSS
so as ensure that there is better preparedness for and response to critical emergencies.
UNDP also provides support to professionalizing the DRM workforce and helped to raise the knowledge base on DRM, though supporting experts to attend bachelor’s and
Master’s degrees in DRM Science and Sustainable Development, development of new knowledge management materials, support the organization of the International Day
for Disaster Reduction for the last couple of years, and conducting nationwide awareness campaigns. Development of national DRM plan, DRM mainstreaming guidelines,
and community based DRM (CBDRM) manuals was supported as part of strengthening institutional fabric of the government to be able to better implement the DRM policy
and the SPIF. Support was also given for four regional states on their effort to develop their respective regional DRM plans.
UNDP also supported the revamping of the national Early Warning (EW) System, which links 677 districts and 8 regional EW databases. This has accelerated the alerting
system for timely reaction and to inform preparedness and mitigation measures 1,300 trained EW experts now report and analyze information from the EW System. The
information is coordinated through the national Emergency Coordination Center in Ethiopia, established with the help of UNDP.
Furthermore, a pilot Community Based Resilience Assessment (COBRA) is being undertaken in one of the most drought prone areas of Ethiopia to document best practices
on fostering community resilience and ensuring disaster preparedness of those communities.
At the local level, UNDP supports the building resilience and supporting livelihoods of communities by promoting a build-back-better approach and addressing the
underlying causes of disasters. This is done by combining social protection with productivity-enhancing interventions so as to rebuild livelihoods and improve food security
in the drought affected areas. The experiences and learning from these community level engagements are regularly used to inform UNDP’s upstream and policy level
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initiatives. Activities take place in 25 districts across the 4 most drought and flood affected regions of Ethiopia. The activities include rehabilitation and construction of water
facilities, the establishment of village cooperatives, veterinary support activities and training for extension workers, range land management, emergency seed and cash
provision, community based DRM activities, and restocking (livestock purchase and distribution to the most drought affected community members). As a result of UNDP’s
support, food security of 60,000 persons improved and better dryland management practices enabled the cultivation of about 6,000 hectares of previously unproductive
land.
In 2013, UNDP commissioned two final programme/project evaluations which confirmed that the early warning and response activities have contributed to a reduced
exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability of people and property, improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events, improvement of livelihoods and
increased food security, thus reducing the need for food aid. . Similarly in 2014, an independent mid-term evaluation of the DRR/LR project was conducted to consolidate
lessons for future programming. The findings of the assessment have revealed that the programme has significant achievements in meeting critical priorities of the
communities, especially in terms of rehabilitating community assets and restoring household assets and livelihoods
UNDP’s DRM programme in 2014 resulted in the sensitization of 349 stakeholders (government, development partners & academia) including 81 women on the new DRM
policy & SPIF. A pool of 40 regional experts (10 women) was created to prepare regional DRM plans under the capacity development & leadership development pillar UNDP
facilitated the finalization of the national DRM Plan & SPIF and also invested in strengthening institutions at national and sub-national levels. 100 communities around the
country were supported to prepare community based DRM plans using 263 trained community facilitators (of which 71 women). Seven knowledge products & manuals
were developed to support DRM professionals to undertake effective DRM programming and implementations. This is critical in standardizing the application of DRM
approaches in disaster prone areas and community and ensures uniformity in response during and after the crises. Besides the comprehensive livelihood support focused
on enhancing livelihood & disaster resilience, an additional 210,000 community members were supported through rangeland development activities and a further 128,084
individuals (of which 56,176 women) benefited through rehabilitation of community water points. The livelihood support also built community capacity to undertake various
disaster mitigation measures and created a sense of community ownership & interest in long term sustainable development of the community. This was enabled through
investments in community infrastructure and the cultivated need for the community to develop and exercise leadership and sound collective decision making as ingredients
for stimulating sustainable development at the community level (DRMFSS report).
UNDP supported effective coordination mechanisms at federal & regional levels. This enhanced policy coordination and coherence and helped to synergize implementation
efforts across sectors and actors. It cultivated greater political ownership that was so critical in galvanizing support for the development of DRM mainstreaming guidelines
& regional plan (DRM MTE).
4. By 2015, the governance
systems, use of technologies and
practices and financing
mechanisms that promote a low
carbon climate
resilient economy and society
have improved at all levels
(UNDAF Outcome 5)
USD 28,968,173
a.
b.
degree to which institutions have
mainstreamed climate change
adaptation and mitigation;
national climate change financial
mechanism established.
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a.
b.




CRGE mainstreaming system developed at all levels of
MoFED and Sector planning units. GTP and 3 critical sector
strategies fully LCCR and MEA compliant
CRGE Facility set up and operationalized
CRGE Facility M&E system developed
CRGE Facility Operational Manual Developed
10 Million USD mobilized through the CRGE Facility
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



Capacity need assessment of the CRGE Sectors( Ministry of
Industry , MoFED and Agriculture ) conducted
CR strategy for Transport sectors nearly completed
GCF Proposals for Ministry of Industry, Urban Development
and Housing Construction ,Agriculture and Forestry
prepared
Capacity building for the sustainable development of
protected areas and mainstreaming agro-biodiversity in the
agriculture system
UNDP Contribution:
The UNDP contribution identified in the CP was to provide technical and financial support for Low Carbon Climate Resilient (LCCR) and Multilateral Environment Agreements
(MEA) compliance, access to climate finance and technology.
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were: (a) technical studies, consultations and proposals completed for LCCR and MEA compliance; (b) national multi-donor
climate trust fund established and operational.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP is supporting the Government’s efforts to implement its Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) vision by 2025, through focused interventions that enhance
resilience and promote greening of development. These upstream level interventions center around three key issues: a) strengthening national policy, planning and
institutional development processes, b) supporting the establishment of a CRGE Financing Facility c) institutional strengthening in key sectors to facilitate climate change
adaptation and mitigation.
UNDP Ethiopia supported the government in establishing a CRGE Facility in Dec. 2012 in order to attract traditional and innovative sources of climate financing. With UNDP
support, the Government further finalized the Facility’s Operations Manual in Oct. 2013 – at the demand of key development partners that were considering funding
through the Facility – succeeding in attracting additional resources – up until 2014 around US$ 40.6 million.
UNDP provides capacity development in five sector ministries (Environment and Forest; Finance and Economic Development; Agriculture; Industry; Water, Irrigation and
Energy) for the preparation of CRGE investments plans and substantively supported some of the ‘fast-start’ segments of the CRGE Strategy, renewable energy and improved
cook stoves in particular. Under its comprehensive CRGE strategy implementation support programme, UNDP provide an implementation capacity bulling support to the
energy sector. UNDP helped strengthen the capacities of key technical and project staff in MoWIE through the organization of 7 national and international trainings on
broad topics such as Climate change adaption and mitigation, sensitization of CRGE strategy and market mechanisms such as Clean Development Mechanism/Programmer
of Action (CDM/POA), National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA). Under the South–South cooperation framework, UNDP organized in 2014 a study tour to India as
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part of its capacity building support to the National Improved Cook Stoves Programme. The visit was arranged for all frontline actors of the National Cook stoves Program
of Ethiopia.
UNDP also piloted dissemination of institutional biomass energy utilization and efficiency improvement technologies in Beneshangul, SNNPR, Oromiya, and Amahara region.
In total 11 technology of (FIBS 6, NDG 5) and total 132 participate which are 61 male and 71 Female involved in construction and utilization.
UNDP also assisted the national level renewable energy and energy efficiency technology promotion and awareness creation activities through using national medias.
UNDP was engaged in the enhancement of the national energy testing laboratory and its research and development center. Fifteen Laboratory equipment and Nine
Workshop machines with accessories, attachments and parts as well as one model alternative energy technology (AET) were supplied.
UNDP also provided a technical support to mainstream gender issues in the energy project and program implementation. support had been provided to build capacity of
the ministry in implementing the its Gender Action Plan which aimed to achieve specific objectives including: mainstreaming of gender into selected energy programmes
/ projects ; strengthen the capacity of the Women’s Affairs Directorate (WYAD) of the ministry and technical directorate staff through training, in gender mainstreaming,
analysis and gender budgeting and reporting ; enhance awareness of gender mainstreaming in energy sector programs and projects at sub-federal level.
UNDP support also enabled the capacity need assessments for the implementation of CRGE in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and Ministry of Industry.
The CRGE mainstreaming tools developed with UNDP support are fundamental to adequately incorporate the climate change agenda in national planning and for
subsequent monitoring and evaluation. In addition, the UNDP-supported pilot introduction of 14 green technologies significantly contributed to mainstreaming adaptation
measures into the national, regional and local development processes – as documented by the final evaluation of the Africa Adaption Programme conducted in 2013.
The UNDP also provided financial and technical support for the registration of Repi Open Damp Methane capturing and Flaring CDM Project, which is expected to generate
464,940 certified emission reductions (CERs) which will support the Addis Ababa City Administration in accessing additional revenue from the sale of CER.
To support Ethiopia’s low carbon climate resilient path of economic development, UNDP has provided technical and financial support for the formulation and review of
four agro-biodiversity local by-laws, the wild life policy and legislation and the wildlife and agro-biodiversity marketing strategies from a green economic development
perspective and to enhance Ethiopia’s ecotourism perspectives. UNDP further assisted with the formulation of a sustainable financing mechanism for the conservation and
development of protected areas, through the creation of trust fund with USD 1 million as seed money. The final evaluation of the Copying with Drought project in 2013
highlighted the strategic nature of bio-diversity conservation efforts at the local level as well as the need for sustainable financing mechanism for conservation efforts.
UNDP has successful engagement in enhancing the capacity of the national energy testing laboratory and its research and development center [CRGE Gov't report]. The
quality of testing and production of bio-energy technologies, solar cooker, hydro turbines, wind turbines and other modern energy technologies have significantly
improved because of the supply of modal alternative energy technologies and high level technical training. The existence of robust policies and strategies on biodiversity
has enabled better conservation of Ethiopia’s unique biodiversity resources. This made it possible for UNDP to support the mainstreaming of agro-biodiversity
conservation into the agricultural production systems of Ethiopia [2014,MAB].
5. By 2015, national and subUSD 24,071,632
a. Improved structure, institutional
- Ombudsman branch offices received a total of 6,091
national actors utilize improved
capacity, effectiveness, responsiveness
complaints and were able to resolve 85%,
mechanisms that promote
and accountability of democratic,
- Head office received 30,857 cases and resolve 70%
through mediation;
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inclusiveness, participation,
transparency,
accountability and
responsiveness in national
development processes (UNDAF
Outcome 10)
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oversight and accountability governance
institutions.
-
-
Parliament, Regional States and City Councils oversight
coverage increased from 30% to 75%
Financial audit coverage has increased from 32% in
2010 to 97% in 2013
Quality and coverage of audit of government action
has improved and it is up to international standards
Complaints handling and investigation capacitis of the
Human rights Commission increased, including 96% of
prisons monitored by the Rights Commission
Investigation capacity of the Federal Ethics and AntiCorruption Commission by 85%
Some 39 Conflict Early Warning and Response
Mechanisms established and made operational
UNDP Contribution:
The UNDP contribution identified in the CP was to provide technical advice, manage multi-donor programmes, and facilitate dialogue and knowledge exchange.
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were successful resolution of cases handled by democratic institutions increased as a sign of responsiveness to citizens.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP supported the development of a new and more equitable formula for Federal Budget Subsidy Allocation to regional states through a highly participatory and
transparent process. UNDP facilitated the consultative process, developed a discussion paper to shape the content of the formula, brokered and facilitated discussions and
shared knowledge on deepening federalism and to develop strategies to improve the resource appropriation and expenditure capacity of the Federal government and
regional states. The various regional states expressed satisfaction with the new formula as responding to fairness, equity and solidarity. The Minister of Finance and
Economic Development commended the support of UNDP’s as critical in securing a new formula.
After managing a peaceful transfer of power for the first time in over 50 years-following the death of former PM Meles Zenawi, Ethiopia continue to develop and is making
incremental steps towards democracy building and consolidation. This is reflection of the enhanced capacity built with support of UNDP in democratic institutions and
mechanisms that promote inclusiveness, participation, transparency, accountability and responsiveness in national development processes. The multi-donor Democratic
Institutions Programme was the principle vehicle for external support to the process of strengthening the key democratic institutions of Ethiopia since 2007.
The terminal evaluation of the Democratic Institutions Programme (DIP) conducted in 2013 confirmed that government accountability and responsiveness has improved
as well as access to justice, respect for the rule of law and human rights protection, social accountability and public confidence in democratic institutions.
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For example, twelve senior government officials were charged with corruption and removed from office; the amount of embezzled resources returned to the public treasury
is over 2 billion birr (USD 106 million), representing about 60% and 75% of the health and education ministries budgets respectively; the ombudsman branch offices received
a total of 6,091 complaints and were able to resolve 85 %, head office received 30,857 cases and resolve 70% through mediation; parliament, Regional States and City
Councils oversight coverage increased from 30% to a 75% and; parliamentary oversight over government action increased; the quality and coverage of audit of government
action has improved and it is up to international standards and financial audit coverage has increased from 32% in 2010 to 97% in 2013.
Wider participation is on the rise as demonstrated by the increased voter turnout for the fourth national elections. Voter registration peaked at 36.8 million, (out of which
48% were women) representing over 96% of eligible voters. UNDP provided support to voter registration, civic education, domestic observation and election related
complaints handling.
The DIP terminal evaluation also highlighted UNDP’s contribution to this outcome level development change, by providing capacity support towards the systematization of
accountability, transparency and participation mechanisms which resulted in improvements in the timeliness, coverage and quality of accountability and transparency
measures. For example: UNDP provided supported to the development and adoption of a National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP) by Parliament in June 2013 and the
2nd Universal Periodic Review; supported the monitoring mandate and activities of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC). e.g. 96% of prisons (114 of the 119) in
the country were monitored and reports issued. The empirical findings and some of the recommendations from the reports provided the basis for an increase (6.8%) in the
annual budget of these prisons, which in turn resulted in an improvement in prison conditions.
UNDP also supported access to justice through the human rights commission, office of the ombudsman and creation of legal aid centers; provided technical support to
improve the capacity of the anti-corruption commission to prevent, detect, investigate and punish corruption; supported the oversight function and audit performance of
public institutions by parliament (standing committees and office of the auditor general); and
UNDP also supports the strengthening of existing conflict prevention and peace building mechanisms that is functional at national, and also regional and local levels. This
includes strengthening the capacities of the main Government counterpart, the ministry of Federal Affairs (MoFA), but also engaging strategically with other parts of the
Government in order to develop the national architecture for conflict prevention. UNDP has played a crucial role in the establishment of the Ethiopian International
Peacekeeping Training Center and has supported the institutional capacity enhancement and training programme at the African Centre for Peace and Security Training.
Support was also provided to building the capacity of regional and woreda institutions, including traditional structures, to successfully support and negotiate peaceful
solutions to disputes.
In 2014, UNDP’s role as a neutral broker helped to galvanize stakeholder support towards building and consolidation of democracy and good governance in Ethiopia.
Through the democratic governance programme, a conducive platform and instrument was created to sustain the overall progress in the democratization process in the
country. Partners were able to provide targeted support to enhance capacity of governance and democratic institutions.
6. By 2015 capacities of national,
USD 25,619,538
a. Degree to which local governments’ a. Strengthened and deepened decentralization; enhanced
local and community institutions
service delivery in DRS meets
transformational leadership capacity. The budget of DRS
strengthened for evidence based
minimum standards of
increased by 1.5% since 2005; improved services e.g. access
planning, implementation,
functionality.
to safe water increased from 35% (2005 to 71% (2013).
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monitoring, evaluation and
decision making (UNDAF
Outcome 11)
UNDP Contribution:
The UNDP contribution identified in the CP was UNDP to strengthen local government capacity to manage and monitor public service delivery.
CP Outputs:
The indicative output(s) identified in the CP were: planning, public expenditure management and M&E capacities of ‘core’ service delivery organizations upgraded to meet
capacity benchmarks.
Progress and Achievements:
UNDP supports the enhancement of the capacities of the federal government and regional states in quality service delivery by providing technical support to the revision
and drafting the final version of the new grant sharing formula. UNDP also provides technical capacity in facilitating community dialogue and participation in the preparation,
monitoring and review of local development plans and budgets, and supported the drafting and communication of these plans. Support was also provided to strengthen
the institutional and human resource capacity of public services of the local government in the developing regions. This support resulted in the development of systems
and capacities necessary for effective planning, budgeting, human resource management, conflict prevention and resolution with strong community participation.
The development outcomes of developing (poorer) regional states (DRS) are improving as a result of the strengthened capacity of these states to effectively and efficiently
deliver services as a result of increased resources and resource mobilization, accountability and transparency. As indicated in the national budget, the revision of the grant
sharing formula led to 1.5% increase in the budget of DRS which contributed to improved development outcomes. E.g From 2005 to 2013 as the budget of DRS increased
by 1.5% child mortality fell from 123 per 1,000 births to 88; net primary enrollment rate increased from 68% to 85%; access to safe water doubled from 35% (2005) to 71%
(World Bank). These processes have strengthened local ownership, increased resource mobilization, improved accountability and transparency, as confirmed by the Annual
Review of Accelerated Development in Developing Regional States in June 2013. Transparency has increased - the budget of local government is now publicly available and
local communities participate in the monitoring and review of development plan of the regional states.
With UNDP Support, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development conducted a Rapid Stakeholder Mapping and Gap Assessment on Results Based Management
(RBM) in eight regions in Ethiopia. The assessment is designed to underpin the implementation of Ethiopia’s Growth and Transformation Plan by enhancing the performance
in the public sector to advance the pace of economic growth and poverty reduction. For the past years, Ethiopia has been consistent in timely tracking and publishing its
progress on achieving the MDGs. This is the outcome of significant progress registered in improving managing for results as well as strengthening national capacities and
leveraging diverse resources and initiatives in support of development results. With support of UNDP, a strong M&E system has been established within the framework of
the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) to inform policy makers, design appropriate interventions and assessing effectiveness of on-going policies
and strategies.
UNDP also supported the launch of the Leadership Development Institute project with the aim to develop leadership capacity to realize Ethiopia’s medium and long term
aspirations in civil service reform programme. UNDP supports the development and expansion of this institute. A comprehensive curriculum has been set up with foundation
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and professional modules tailored to the specific Ethiopian needs and intended objectives of the Institute. Graduates of the University are placed and serve Federal, Regional
and local level governments. Since its inception a total of 315 civil servants graduated and placed at federal, regional and local government offices.
Together with five UN agencies (UNICEF, ILO, UNFPA, UNWOMEN and UNESCO), UNDP Ethiopia continued to support the Ministry of Women, Youth, and Children’s Affairs
in implementing the UN Joint Programme on Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. The evaluation of the first phase of UN support conducted in 2013 confirmed
the programme role and contribution to support national policy and strategy implementation on gender equality and women’s emp owerment. UNDP’s contribution has
focused on strengthening institutional capacity for gender mainstreaming in the federal gender machineries and that of the four main regions (Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR
and Tigray). Three standard tools (on gender mainstreaming, gender budgeting and gender auditing) have been developed and are already used by four key sector ministries
and four regional states. UNDP also supported the Ministry of Women Youth and Children's Affairs to conduct a gap assessment on the use of sex-disaggregated data in 21
sectors and to follow up with targeted trainings/workshops.
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Summary of evaluation findings and lessons learned
Under the period of review, a number of evaluations of projects and programmes have been carried out. The recommendations are taken onboard and projects are (when
possible) re-adjusted to accommodate the recommendations. No mid-term evaluation of the CPD has been carried out but an Assessment of Development Results (ADR)
is in the process of being completed. Early lessons from the verbal readout have been included in the new programme design.
Worth mentioning are the evaluations of the Final project evaluations of the Democratic Institutions Programme, the Ethiopia Joint Flagship Programme on Gender Equality
and Women's Empowerment (GEWE JP), the Final MDG-F Environment Joint Programme, the evaluation of Coping with Drought and Climate Change and the mid-term
evaluations of the Sustainable Development of the Protected Areas project.
The terminal evaluation of the Democratic Institutions Programme (DIP) conducted in 2013 confirmed that government accountability and responsiveness has improved
as a result of increased scrutiny from citizens and horizontal accountability from democratic institutions. Access to justice, respect for the rule of law and human rights
protection, social accountability and public confidence in democratic institutions have all improved, as evidenced by increasing demand for services and outreach by the
institutions. The evaluation also highlighted that any expectations of dramatic political change in the short term on the part of DIP stakeholders if they exist are both
misplaced and counterproductive. While the government is committed to its stated objectives, it is pursuing them with a view to maintaining stability and a continued
trajectory of development and growth in Ethiopia. As challenges, the final DIP evaluation indicated that donor funds under the DIP have been largely used as programme
support. While steps have been taken to phase out DIP assistance (particularly through the replacement of DIP funds with the national budget), this process has not been
sufficiently systematic and was abruptly curtailed with the termination of the programme, reducing sustainability. The overall programme structure is complex and multilayered creating numerous coordination and administrative levels. Monitoring, whether as a result of the loss of institutional memory or otherwise, has not always been
as strong as wanted.
The Coping with Draught evaluation in 2013 confirmed that the early warning and response activities have contributed to a reduced exposure to hazards, lessening
vulnerability of people and property, improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events, improvement of livelihoods and increased food security, thus reducing
the need for food aid. A DRM mid-term evaluation is currently taking place and will inform UNDPs DRM interventions in the coming years.
In 2013, the UNCT in Ethiopia also jointly conducted a light review of the three UN Flagship Joint Programmes, namely “Enhancing Public Service Delivery to Accelerate
Regional Employment Outcomes in four Developing Regional States (DRS)”; “Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (GEWE)”; and “Improving Maternal and Newborn
Health and Survival (MNH)”. UNDP participates in the first two JPs. The review concludes that the flagship JPs are relevant as they respond to key development areas
defined by the Government and contribute to strengthening capacities at regional and sub-regional levels. All three JPs have some efficiency benefits in planning and
implementation, particularly with regard to coordination at the regional and district levels. The review found however that the flagship JPs have only had limited success in
mobilizing additional resources for JP implementation. The lack of funding and overambitious planning has hampered the underlying theory of change of some flagship JP
interventions, particularly where achieving wide coverage is essential to achieving programme results.
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Focus Area
Poverty and MDGs
Democratic Governance
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Environment and Sustainable Development
Total
III. Country Programme Resources
Programme Expenditure ($) 2012 - 2014
Regular (TRAC)
Other
Total
16,647,180.24
20,785,908.59
37,433,088.83
22,419,313.14
27,271,856.54
49,691,169.68
6,548,449.29
8,413,706.41
14,962,155.70
5,227,505.19
23,740,667.71
28,968,172.90
50,842,448
80,212,139
131,054,587.11
Data sources: (please indicate the main sources from which data were obtained for this report.)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
United Nations Development Assistance Framework, Ethiopia, 2012-2015
United Nations Development Assistance Framework, Action Plan, Ethiopia, 2012-2015
United Nations Development Programme, Country Programme Document, 2012-2015
United Nations Development Programme, Results Oriented Annual Report, 2012
United Nations Development Programme, Results Oriented Annual Report, 2013
Central Statistical Agency, 2013
Agricultural Growth Programme Annual Reports 2012 and 2013 (Agricultural Transformation Agency)
International Labour Organisation Database 2012
Ethiopia Disaster Risk Management Strategy 2013
16
% of Total
0.29
0.38
0.11
0.22
1.00
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