APES Study Guide
HUMAN POPULATION & DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 16: Energy Resources
Textbook Reference:
Chapter 12: Energy from Fossil Fuels (pp 304-329)
Vocabulary:
Directions: Review key vocabulary, words may appear in quizzes and/or tests. You are not required to write
the definitions but are encouraged to review them frequently
Net energy
EROEI
Fossil fuels
Petroleum, crude oil
Oil refinery
Peak production
Petrochemicals
Proven oil reserves
Unproven oil reserves
OPEC
ANWR
Fractional distillation
Coal
Peat
Anthracite coal
Bituminous coal
Lignite
Natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Synfuel
Tar sand, oil sand
Shale oil
Cogeneration
CAFÉ
Hybrid-electric
Fuel rod
Moderator
Control rod
Radioactive waste
Chernobyl, Three Mile Island
Reactors
Nuclear fusion, fission
Solar power
Biofuels
Part
2
Study Guide Questions (SGQ):
Directions: Answer in complete sentences (must be handwritten)
Chapter 16
1. Define net energy. How is it used to evaluate energy resources. What is the equation for EROEI?
What law describes the loss of energy in any transfer?
2. List the three types of fossil fuels. Explain an advantage and disadvantage of each in energy
production.
3. How is crude oil extracted and refined? What stages of oil production occur in an oil refinery?
4. How are petrochemicals related to crude oil?
5. What are proven oil reserves? What is OPEC? Describe the two types of unproven oil reserves.
6. What is ANWR and why is its use for oil production controversial?
7. How is coal formed (identify the stages of production). What countries have the largest proven
reserves of coal?
8. Define natural gas, LPG, LNG. What countries have the largest natural gas reserves?
9. What is SNG? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using SNG?
10. Define tar sand, oil sand, and shale oil. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using
heavy oils produced from those sources?
Case Studies: A Brief History of Human Energy Use
Three Mile Island
Chernobyl
APES Study Guide
Human Population and Development
Chapter 22: Cities and Sustainability
Textbook Reference:
Chapter 6- Population and Development
(pp 142-162)
Vocabulary:
Directions: Review key vocabulary, words may appear in quizzes and/or tests. You are not required to write
the definitions but are encouraged to review them frequently
urbanization
urban growth
urban sprawl
land-use planning
zoning
smart growth
ecocity concept
noise pollution
Chapter 22
1. Describe two factors that increase the population of a city.
2. List four global trends in urban growth.
3. Describe four phases of urban growth in the United States.
4. Describe some of the problems faced by poor people who live in urban areas. How can governments
help to reduce these problems?
5. List five factors that have promoted urban sprawl in the United States. List five undesirable effects of
urban sprawl.
6. Create a table comparing the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization. (at least 4)
7. Explain why most cities and urban areas are not sustainable.
8. Describe some of the problems faced by poor people who live in urban areas. How can governments
help to reduce these problems?
9. Describe strategies used by the U. S. city of Portland, Oregon, to help control urban sprawl and reduce
dependence on automobiles.
10. What are three ways to preserve open spaces around a city?
11. What are new urbanisms the five key goals and why is Vauban, Germany a good example of it?
12. Describe three strategies used within ecovillages to make their neighborhoods more sustainable.
13. Describe an example of a highly sustainable living building.
Case Studies:
Directions: For each of the following summarize the case study in three sentences; include the author’s main
idea.
Chapter 6
1. Slowing Population Growth in China – page 125
2. How Long Can the Human Population Keep Growing – page 129
Chapter 22
1. The Ecocity Concept in Curitiba, Brazil – page 586
2. Mexico City – page 596-597
3. Urban Indoor Farming – page 608
Chapter 22
14. Describe two factors that increase the population of a city.
15. List four global trends in urban growth.
16. Describe four phases of urban growth in the United States.
17. Describe some of the problems faced by poor people who live in urban areas. How can governments
help to reduce these problems?
18. List five factors that have promoted urban sprawl in the United States. List five undesirable effects of
urban sprawl.
19. Create a table comparing the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization. (at least 4)
20. Explain why most cities and urban areas are not sustainable.
21. Describe some of the problems faced by poor people who live in urban areas. How can governments
help to reduce these problems?
22. Describe strategies used by the U. S. city of Portland, Oregon, to help control urban sprawl and reduce
dependence on automobiles.
23. What are three ways to preserve open spaces around a city?
24. What are new urbanisms the five key goals and why is Vauban, Germany a good example of it?
25. Describe three strategies used within ecovillages to make their neighborhoods more sustainable.
26. Describe an example of a highly sustainable living building.
Case Studies:
Directions: Read, highlight important points. Be ready to discuss
Chapter 6
3. Slowing Population Growth in China – page 125
4. How Long Can the Human Population Keep Growing – page 129
Chapter 22
4. The Ecocity Concept in Curitiba, Brazil – page 586
5. Mexico City – page 596-597
6. Urban Indoor Farming – page 608