CODES MODULE, PART VII CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, Part II CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 1019 Size of Type The type size shall be determined by conventional custom and practice. 1991 Disobedience; Report The court may punish anyone who does not appear or refuses to be sworn, to answer, or to sign a transcript for contempt. If the subpoena requires the witness’s attendance, it is the deposition officer’s duty to report the nonappearance or the refusal to the issuing court. The depo officer may be requested to notify the witness that he must appear in court between 5 and 20 days from that date. The depo officer shall transcribe such request, and it will be attached to the papers filed by the depo officer with the clerk of the issuing court requesting a court order. If the witness does not appear at the court date, he may be punished for contempt. If the witness fails to comply, the court may then, without further notice, order the witness to comply. If he then doesn’t comply, he may be punished for contempt. 2003 “Affidavit” Defined An affidavit is a written declaration under oath, made without notice to the adverse party. 2004 “Deposition” Defined A deposition is a written declaration, under oath, made upon notice to the adverse party, for the purpose of enabling him to attend and crossexamine. Once a default judgment has been entered in an action, no more depositions may be taken. 2005 “Oral Examination” Defined An oral examination is an examination in the presence of the jury or tribunal which is to decide the fact or act upon it, the testimony being heard by the jury or tribunal from the lips of the witness. 2012 Officers Before Whom Taken An affidavit to be used before any court or officer of this state must be taken before any officer authorized to administer oaths. 2013 Foreign State; Before Whom An affidavit taken in another state to be used in this state may be taken before a notary public in that state or a judge or clerk having a seal. 2019 Methods of Discovery Any party may obtain discovery by Oral and written depositions Interrogatories to a party Inspections of documents, things and places Physical and mental examinations Requests for admissions Simultaneous exchange of expert trial witness information The court may restrict discovery because it is cumulative it is obtainable elsewhere more easily it is excessive, given the scope of the case 2020 Deposition Subpoenas (c) A deposition subpoena that orders a witness’ attendance and testimony must specify the time and place of the deposition. If the deposition is to be videotaped, the subpoena must state so. 2020 Deposition Subpoenas (d)(3) If a deposition subpoena specifies that only business records are being discovered, then the deposition officer or a professional photocopier shall receive the records. The deposition officer must be a disinterested party. 2020 Depo Subpoenas(d)(4) The custodian of records may deliver to the depo officer a legible copy of the records and an affidavit. If the records are at the place of business, the depo officer will be allowed to make a copy of the records. Ordinarily, delivery of the records is not made before the date specified on the subpoena. 2020 Depo Subpoenas(d)(5) The depo officer shall promptly turn over the documents to the party that requested them. Other parties may purchase a copy of the records no later than 6 months of the end of the case. 2021 Modification by Stipulation Parties to a deposition can, by stipulation, waive any of the deposition requirements, except for the requirement that the deposition officer be a licensed CSR. Standard stipulations are: the witness need not read and/or sign the transcript the deposition was taken according to the requirements of the Code of Civil Procedure all objections, except as to the form of the question be reserved until the time of trial a copy of an exhibit introduced into evidence be attached to the original transcript in lieu of the original 2023 Abuses of Discovery Abuses of the discovery process include continuously trying to obtain information outside the scope of allowable discovery making groundless objections The court may impose sanctions against anyone abusing the discovery process. 2025 Oral Depositions This section is one of the most important in the Code of Civil Procedure. 2025 (a) Parties; Person Deposed A party may obtain discovery by taking an oral deposition of any person in California. The person may be a natural person, an organization, a corporation, a partnership, an association, or a government agency. 2025 (b) Notice; Time The plaintiff may serve a deposition notice no earlier than 20 days after the service of summons on the defendant. 2025 (c) Notice; Service The notice given must be in writing. 2025 (d) Notice; Contents The deposition notice shall state: the address where the deposition will be taken the date and time the name(s) of the deponent any materials to be produced any intention to record the testimony by audiotape or videotape if realtime is requested any intention to use a videotape deposition at trial of an expert witness If realtime is requested, notice must be given to the deposition officer. All parties must be offered the opportunity to receive realtime and/or a rough draft of the depo. If the depo is videotaped for use at trial, the tape operator must be a disinterested person. If the deponent is not a natural person, the deposition notice must describe the subject matter of the deposition so that the deponent can designate the proper person to testify on its behalf. If a subpoena has been issued, a copy of it must accompany the notice. 2025 (e) Place The deposition location must be either within 75 miles of the deponent’s residence OR in the same county where the action is pending and within 150 miles of the deponent’s residence The court may order a deponent to attend a deposition that is more distant that these limits. 2025 (f) Time The deposition shall be set at least 10 days after the notice has been served. If the deponent has been subpoenaed to produce personal records, the deposition has to be scheduled at least 20 days after the subpoena has been issued. A deponent may petition the court to stay the deposition or for a extension. 2025 (g) Notice; Error; Stay A party served with the deposition notice that does not comply with the code waives any error unless the party serves a written objection specifying the error at least three days before the deposition on the noticing party and any other noticed parties. If notice is given only 3 days in advance, the service must be done in person. 2025 (h) Attendance; Notice If the noticing party wants a party deponent to bring documents with him to the deposition, that fact should be included in the deposition notice. A subpoena duces tecum is not required. If the noticing party wants to depose a nonparty witness, he must subpoena him. If the noticing party wants a nonparty deponent to bring documents with him to the deposition, a subpoena duces tecum is required. 2025 (i) Protective Order A deponent or party who believes that the questions asked of him are being made in bad faith, or to annoy, embarrass or harass him, can demand that the deposition be immediately stopped so that he can file a motion for a protective order. The reporter must stop taking the deposition when such a demand is made. The court will later rule on whether to grant the motion and whether to end or limit the deposition. The parties may stipulate to continue the deposition, but all parties must agree. 2025 ( j) Failure to Attend Failure to attend a deposition may result in sanctions. 2025 (k) Supervising Officer The deposition officer is authorized to administer oaths, but he no longer has to be a notary public. The deposition officer must be a licensed CSR (B&P 8016). The deposition officer must be a disinterested party. 2025 (l) Oath; Written Questions Before being questioned, all witnesses must be sworn in or affirmed. If an interpreter is being used, the interpreter must be sworn in or affirmed before the witness is sworn. Examination and cross-examination of witnesses occur as they would at trial. If a party other than the noticing attorney wants to tape the deposition, he must notify all parties before the deposition of his intention and pay for the recording. The tape operator may be an employee of the attorney as long as a stenographic reporter is also present, except if the tape will be used at trial. The area for recording the oral testimony should be well lit, suitably large, and reasonably quiet. The operator may not distort the appearance or demeanor of the participants with the camera. When the deposition begins, the operator must record his name and address; the date, time and place of the deposition; and the case caption, the name of the deponent, and any stipulations. All counsel must identify themselves on the recording, and the witness must be sworn in on the recording. If more than one unit of tape is required, the end of each unit and the beginning of each succeeding unit will be announced on the tape. An ending statement and stipulations concerning custody of the tape must also appear on the record. If a party wants to offer a taped depo into evidence, he must send written notice to all parties and the court. The notice must detail which portions the party intends to introduce. Objections may be made to the tape, and portions of a copy edited out upon court order. The original tape may not be altered. If no reporter was present at the taped examination, a transcript must be made from the tape and offered into evidence along with the tape. If a deposition was only recorded on tape, the noticing party must allow all other parties to see or hear the tape and copy it. If a party cannot attend a deposition, he can send written questions in a sealed envelope to the noticing attorney. The noticing attorney must give the envelope to the reporter at the deposition. At the end of all oral testimony, the reporter asks the deponent the written questions and records the answers. 2025 (m) Objections There is no judge to rule on objections at a deposition. Objections must be made on the record at the appropriate time by the objecting party or they are waived. When objections are made, they are recorded by the reporter and the deposition continues. 2025 (n) Suspended Testimony A reporter does not suspend the taking of the deposition unless a motion for a protective order has been made. This is true, even if the noticing attorney is the party requesting that the reporter stop the deposition record. Only if all parties to the deposition agree does the reporter go “off the record.” 2025 (o) Compelling Answer If a deponent refuses to answer a question or produce a document, the party seeking the information can file a motion to compel with a trial court judge. This motion can be made orally at the deposition or in writing up to 60 days after the deposition ends. If notice is given at the depo, the reporter must notify the deponent and tell him to attend the hearing (cite the witness). When any motion to compel has been raised, a certified copy of the relevant portions of the transcript must be filed within five days of the hearing. If the moving party asks the reporter to “certify the question,” the reporter may be asked to index, as part of the deposition transcript, all certification requests made during the hearing or to actually index all questions asked which the deponent did not answer. At the hearing on the motion to compel, the trial court can order the deponent to comply and can impose a fine. If the deponent refuses to comply after being ordered to do so by the court, the deponent can be held in contempt of court and incarcerated. 2025 (p) Transcript; Copies Unless all parties agree, all testimony taken at the deposition hearing is transcribed. The noticing attorney pays for the cost of transcription, unless the parties agree or the court orders otherwise. If the costs are evenly divided, the phrase “split the deposition” is used. If other parties want transcripts of the deposition, they pay the reporter copying charges. Transcription rates are not set by statute but are guided by the market. If a deposition is recorded stenographically and on audio or videotape, the stenographic transcript is the official record of the deposition. If one party wants the transcript expedited, other parties must be given the chance to order expedited copies as well. Stenographic notes of depositions shall be retained on paper or electronic media by the reporter for a period of not less than 8 years from the date of the deposition, where no transcript is produced, and not less than 1year from the date the transcript is produced. 2025 (q) Transcript; Changes Upon completing the transcript, the reporter must send written notice to the deponent and to all parties who attended the deposition that the transcript is available for reading, signing, and correction. This requirement can be, and often is, waived by the stipulation on the record of the parties. After sending out this notice, the reporter must keep the deposition available for 30 days. During that time the deponent can by letter or in person sign the transcript, make changes to the testimony, or refuse to sign the transcript. If the deponent makes changes or refuses to sign, the reporter must put this information in the original copy on the certificate page. Even under these circumstances, if a reporter has attached a certificate page with a jurat to the transcript, the deposition can still be introduced into evidence in court. All parties must be notified in writing of changes made by the deponent. Changes made by the deponent are put on a separate sheet of paper attached to the original copy of the transcript. 2025 (r) Certification of Record The deposition officer shall certify that the deponent was duly sworn and that the transcript is a true record of the testimony. A rough draft may not be not certified nor used. 2025 (s) Transcript; Custody The CSR will seal the transcript in an envelope with the title of the action and mark it “Deposition of X” and give it to the noticing attorney, who shall safeguard it. The noticing attorney must keep the transcript until 6 months after the case ends, when it may be destroyed. An audiotape or videotape record will be kept in the custody of the operator, who shall safeguard it. A party or deponent may pay to view or hear the tape or to be furnished a copy. The tape must be kept until 6 months after the case ends, when it too can be destroyed. 2025 (t) Subsequent Deposition Once any party has been deposed, he may not be deposed again by the noticing attorney nor any party who had been given notice of the depo. The court may order a subsequent deposition. The parties may stipulate to a subsequent deposition of any nonparty. 2025 (u) Use A party may use a deposition to contradict or to impeach the testimony of a witness. All or any part of a deposition may be offered in evidence. 2025.5 Copies to Nonparties A transcript, videotape, or other recording may be sold to any person requesting a copy. The CSR must inform all the parties that a copy is being sought, the purchaser’s name, and a protective order may be sought to prevent the sale. If no protective order is sent to the CSR within 30 days, the transcript may be sold. 2026 Depo in Another State Parties can take out-of-state depos. California rules apply. California CSRs can only act as depo officers in these cases if they can swear in witnesses under federal law, can swear in witness under that state’s law, are court-appointed, or if the parties stipulate. 2027 Depo in Foreign Nation Parties can take foreign depositions. California rules apply. California CSRs may take depos if they are authorized to do so under the laws of the foreign country, are under letters rogatory, or if all parties stipulate. The court where the action is pending will issue a letter rogatory or a letter of request to the foreign court asking it to issue any orders necessary while it is within the foreign jurisdiction. 2028 Depo by Written Questions The procedures for taking oral depos apply to written depos. The name and address or descriptive title of the deposition officer will be stated in the notice. The questions to be asked must accompany the notice. Cross-questions must be served to all other parties within 30 days. A party objecting to the form of a question or objecting on the grounds of privilege must serve a specific objection to all parties within 15 days. The questions for direct examination only may be forwarded to the deponent prior to the deposition. The noticing party shall deliver the questions to the depo officer. The court may modify the procedures. 2029 Depo in Cal.; Suit Elsewhere A deponent will be compelled to appear at a deposition taken pursuant to an action pending in another state or a foreign country whenever a writ, a letter of request, or letter rogatory is issued by a court of record. 2032 Physical & Mental Exams An attorney for the examinee, or his representative, may attend any physical examination conducted for discovery purposes as an observer. The examination may be recorded stenographically or by audiotape. If the examiner performs unauthorized tests or becomes abusive, the exam may be suspended and a protective order sought. If the observer disrupts the exam, the person conducting the exam may suspend the exam. A mental examination may be recorded on audiotape only. 2093 Authorized to Administer Every court, judge, court clerk, justice, notary public, or any person authorized to take testimony, including a CSR, has the power to administer oaths or affirmations. 2094 Oath to Witness A sample oath is: “You do solemnly swear (or affirm) that the evidence you shall give in this issue (or matter) shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?” 2096 Ceremonies of His Religion When a person is sworn who believes in any other than the Christian religion, he may be sworn according to the particular ceremonies of his religion if there be any. 2097 Declaration; Affirmation A witness may elect to make an affirmation or declaration instead of being sworn. Questions on Sections 1019-2097 1. A deposition is NOT A. necessarily taken by subpoena B. under oath C. a written declaration D. taken after notice to the adverse party Answer: A 2. A deposition is A. a written declaration B. under oath C. made upon notice to the adverse party D. all of the above E. none of the above Answer: D 3. A deposition officer shall provide a copy of business records made under 2020(d)(4) A. to B. to C. to D. to all parties to the lawsuit any party purchasing a copy the court the person supplying the records Answer: B 4. A deposition notice does not need to state A. intention B. intention C. intention D. intention to record by video to record by subpoena to take deposition to file with the court Answer: D 5. Objection to the qualifications of the deposition officer must be A. made to opposing counsel 10 days prior to the deposition B. made as soon as the grounds for the objection are known C. filed with the court 48 hours before the deposition D. given in writing to all parties before the commencement of the deposition Answer: B 6. Any objections to the qualifications of the deposition officer is waived unless A. made before the deposition begins B. the proponent determines he will reserve his objection until trial C. the deposition is under subpoena D. it is a court-ordered deposition Answer: A 7. Deposition testimony shall be taken stenographically unless A. the witness prefers videotape B. plaintiff’s counsel requests it not be C. the party noticing the deposition does not want it transcribed D. the parties agree otherwise Answer: D 8. If the noticing party wishes to videotape a deposition, he must A. state such an intent in the notice B. secure a court order C. obtain written permission from opposing counsel 10 days in advance D. notify the deposition officer 10 days in advance Answer: A 9. If a party other than the noticing party wants simultaneously to tape deposition testimony, he must A. notify the deposition officer in a timely manner B. secure a court order C. have the agreement of all parties D. serve written notice of this intent Answer: D 10.Any intent to use a videotape deposition of an expert witness at trial must be A. approved by the court B. agreed to by the court reporter C. agreed to by all parties D. stated in the deposition notice Answer: D 11.With regard to the preservation of the reporter’s deposition notes, the Code A. B. C. D. specifies 5 years specifies 10 years states until the transcript is prepared specifies 8 years if no transcript is produced Answer: D 12. If no stenographic record of deposition testimony was made, the party offering a videotape of the deposition must A. secure a court reporter’s waiver B. secure a court order C. accompany the offer with a stenographic transcript prepared from that recording D. submit an abstract of the crucial testimony for the court’s approval Answer: C 13.Portions of the videotaped testimony which are objected to A. may be suppressed B. should be transcribed for the clerk’s minutes C. must be removed 10 days before trial D. must be heard by the jury Answer: A 14.The moving party for an order compelling an answer shall lodge the transcript with the court not less than A. B. C. D. 5 days prior to hearing 10 days prior to hearing 30 days prior to hearing 60 days prior to hearing Answer: A 15.Sealed questions to be propounded to the deponent should be sent to A. B. C. D. the deponent the officer of the court the noticing party the clerk of the court Answer: C 16. After an objection to an irregularity in a deposition A. the reporter automatically cites the witness B. the court must determine whether the deposition shall continue C. written notice of the irregularity must be filed with the court D. the deposition shall proceed subject to the citation Answer: D 17.The official record of deposition testimony is the A. B. C. D. audiotape videotape stenographic transcript clerk’s transcript Answer: C 18.To suppress a deposition, a motion must A. show a good faith attempt at an informal resolution B. show impeachment of the witness C. be filed within 10 days of taking the deposition D. be signed by all attorneys Answer: A 19.To suppress a deposition, a motion must be A. a concurrent resolution B. null and void C. filed within 30 days of taking the deposition D. seasonable Answer: D 20.After a motion to suppress, a monetary sanction may be imposed A. B. C. D. against the deposition officer against the prevailing party against anyone who does not prevail against anyone who successfully opposes the motion Answer: C 21.The deponent has how long following notice that his transcript is ready for reading and signing to do so? A. B. C. D. 10 20 30 60 days days days days Answer: C 22.The deposition officer shall give notice of any changes in the transcript made by the deponent A. B. C. D. to the attending parties before mailing the transcript directly to the court within 10 days of receipt Answer: A 23.A copy of a letter making changes in the deponent’s deposition shall be A. B. C. D. mailed to all litigants filed in court within 10 days retained by the reporter for six months mailed to all parties attending the deposition Answer: D 24.The period for making transcript changes may be shortened by A. B. C. D. an affidavit by the deponent’s attorney the court the deponent an affidavit by the moving party Answer: B 25.A letter making transcript changes is mailed by the deponent to the A. B. C. D. deposition officer moving party deponent’s attorney court Answer: A 26.Discovery may be obtained by written questions instead of oral examination A. B. C. D. only by the plaintiff by any party only by the defendant only by court order Answer: B 27.The time for reading and signing a deposition may be shortened by the A. B. C. D. attorney for defendant attorney for plaintiff reporter court Answer: D 28.The reporter must notify whom that the original transcript is available? A. B. C. D. only the deponent only the attorney for the deponent all attorneys deponent and all parties attending the deposition Answer: D 29.Waiver of signature must be agreed to by A. any two attorneys B. just the deponent C. the deponent and all parties attending the deposition D. all attorneys and the court Answer: C 30.If the deponent does not contact the officer within the allotted period, the officer should A. notify the court B. subpoena the witness C. file the transcript with the court immediately D. indicate the failure to approve the transcript on the original Answer: D 31.If the deponent does not contact the officer within the allotted period, the deposition A. has the same force and effect as though signed B. is null and void C. must be authenticated by the clerk of the court D. must be attested to by two witnesses Answer: A 32.If the deponent expressly refuses to sign the deposition, A. a writ of mandamus will be issued B. the deposition must be certified by the clerk of the court C. the deposition has the same force and effect as though signed D. the deponent’s attorney may sign in lieu of the deponent Answer: C 33.The deposition officer does not need to certify on the deposition transcript that A. deponent was duly sworn B. the stenographic transcript is a true record C. any video recording is a true record D. the deposition notice was served in a timely manner Answer: D 34.The certified transcript shall be A. B. C. D. filed with the court sent to deponent sent to attorney for deponent sent to noticing attorney Answer: D 35.The sealed envelope containing the deposition transcript must have on the outside A. B. C. D. the title of the action the date of the deposition the name of the deposition officer all of the above Answer: A 36.Notice of a written deposition under Section 2028(b) must include A. B. C. D. name of deposition officer date of deposition place of deposition time of deposition Answer: A 37.On a written deposition the questions to be propounded to the deponent by direct examination A. B. C. D. shall accompany the notice shall be approved by court shall be sent in advance to all parties shall be certified by the deposition officer Answer: A 38.Cross-questions on a written deposition by mail A. B. C. D. are not allowed must be reviewed by the court must be served within 30 days must be certified by the court reporter Answer: C 39.On a written deposition, a party who fails to timely serve an objection A. is subject to sanctions B. waives the objection C. must have the reporter certify the question D. must lodge the objection in court within 15 days Answer: B 40.Notice of taking a deposition must be given to A. B. C. D. the court clerk the presiding judge the adverse party the appellate court Answer: C 41.A deposition subpoena must specify A. how many witnesses will be called B. whether the deposition is for discovery or to preserve evidence C. the rights of the deponent to appeal D. the time and the place where the deponent is commanded to attend Answer: D 42.A witness under subpoena may be held in contempt of court if he disobeys a A. B. C. D. notice motion subpoena stipulation Answer: C 43.A deposition officer notifies a witness who refuses to answer that it will be reported in not more than A. B. C. D. 10 20 30 60 days days days days Answer: B 44. If a witness subpoenaed in a deposition refuses to be sworn or answer a question or sign a deposition, it is the duty of the officer to A. report such refusal to the clerk of the court B. report such refusal to all parties to the action C. serve the witness with an order directing compliance D. lodge a copy of the deposition with the Law and Motion Department Answer: A 45.Depositions of parties out of state to be used in this state A. may be taken in another state B. must be retaken in this state C. may be taken in another state only if presided over by a judge of that state D. must be sealed Answer: A 46.If the deposition officer receives a request for an expedited transcript from one party, he should A. delivery it confidentially B. deliver it and inform the other parties C. make the transcript available to all parties at the same time D. deliver it and charge 50 percent more Answer: C 47.A rough draft transcript A. may only be produced upon stipulation of all parties B. must be delivered at the time of the deposition C. may not be cited to rebut the certified transcript D. must be securely sealed and transmitted to the noticing attorney Answer: C True or False 48.A deposition subpoena shall specify the time and place of the deposition. True 49.A deposition subpoena must list the questions to be asked at the deposition. False 50.It is necessary to have a court order in order to videotape a deposition. False 51.The deposition officer must provide a copy of business records to any party to an action who subsequently notifies the officer of his desire to purchase a copy. True 52.Section 2021 specifically provides that a deposition officer must be a CSR. False 53.A custodian of records may deliver records by mail. True 54.Delivery of records by a custodian of records must always be in a sealed envelope in accordance with the Evidence Code. False 55.The deposition officer shall suspend the taking of testimony upon demand of any party who is seeking a protective order. True 56.If a party has notice of a deposition and fails to attend, he may not obtain a copy of the transcript. False 57.The deponent may change his answers by a signed letter to the deposition officer. True 58.The deponent must get court approval to change an answer in a deposition transcript. False 59.Since January 1, 1990, the deponent may only make changes in his deposition by means of a letter to the deposition officer. False 60.A letter making transcript changes mailed by the deponent should be sent with return receipt requested. True 61.Before utilizing the “notice by letter” alternative for transcript changes, the deponent must notify each attending party of his intent. False 62.The procedures for taking oral depositions in California apply to depositions in California cases taken in another state. True 63.Discovery may not be obtained by written questions instead of by oral examination. False 64.The attorney for the examinee shall be permitted to observe any physical examination conducted for discovery purposes. True 65.The deponent and all parties attending a deposition may agree to waive the signature of the deponent. True 66.The deponent may change his answers by a signed letter to his own attorney. False 67.Transcripts should be printed in a conventional point size. True 68.The court shall restrict discovery if it is determined to be unduly burdensome. True 69.The court may impose monetary sanctions against an attorney who has been unduly subjected to burdensome and duplicative tactics. False 70.The deposition officer should notify the witness under subpoena who refuses to answer that he must appear in court within 48 hours. False 71.The deposition officer shall enter in the record an exact transcription of the request made of him to direct a witness under subpoena to answer as a witness. True 72.A rough draft transcript may be cited as the certified transcript. False 73.An oath may be administered according to the ceremonies of the religion of the witness. True 74.The attorney for the examinee must be personally present at a medical examination under 2032. False 75.An observer under Section 2032 may suspend the examination to make a motion for a protective order. True