Answer to Review Question: Respiratory system
Rakesh Limbu (BE 091915)
B. Ed IV Sec Sci “A”
Samtse College of Education
BGY- 412
School curriculum
Mr. Kinzang Dorji
15/10/12
Page 1 of 13
Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
Review question:
1. Given below is an example of certain structure and its special function activity “Kidney
and Excretion.”
Fill in the blanks on similar pattern.
a. Alveoli and….
Ans: exchange of gases
b. Mitochondria and ….
Ans: store house of energy
c. Epiglottis and…
Ans: restricts food entrance into trachea
d. Pleura and…
Ans: cover of the lung
e. Diaphragm and…
Ans: aids in sucking in or pushing air, out of the lungs
f. “C” shaped cartilage rings and …
Ans: keeps the trachea always open for air to pass through
2. Choose the odd one out in each case.
a. Trachea, Bronchus, Alveolus, Diaphragm
Ans: diaphragm
b. Ethyl alcohol, Carbon dioxide, Starch, Oxygen absence
Ans: carbon dioxide
c. Diffusion, Respiratory gases, Alveoli, Capillary network
Ans: capillary network
d. Trachea, Ciliated epithelium, Mucus, Diffusion
Ans: diffusion
e. Oxyheamoglobin, Carbaminoheamoglobin, Hypoxia, Carboxyhaemoglobin
Ans: hypoxia
f. Hairy, Moist, Nostril, Vocal cord.
Ans: vocal cord
3. State one functions of each of each of the following:
a. Cilaiated epithelium lining in the respiratory tract
Ans: Does not let the foreign particles enter into the lungs
b. Mitochondria
Ans: it is the store house of energy which supplies energy
c. Diaphragm
Ans: when it expands the lungs are able to push the air out and when it contract the
lungs are able to suck the air in.
d. Intercostal muscles
Page 2 of 13
Ans: During inspiration the ribs are moved upward and outward by the intercostalmuscle. During expiration the intercostal-muscle contract and pull the ribs down and
inward.
e. Pleural fluid
Ans: provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral pleura.
4. Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of the aspect given in the brackets.
a. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration (end products and process)
Ans:
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
The end products are water, carbon
The end product is lactic acid
dioxide and energy.
b. Respiration and photosynthesis (Gas released)
Ans:
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration releases carbon dioxide and
The process releases oxygen and water
water
c. Photosynthesis and respiration (Reactants)
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)
CO2 + H2O in the presence of light
d. Inspired air and alveolar air (CO2 content)
Ans:
Inspired air
Alveolar air
0.04%
4.0%
e. Respiration and breathing (organs involved)
Ans:
Respiration
Breathing
The organs are nose, pharynx, larynx,
Lungs.
trachea and lungs
f. Tidal volume and residual volume (quantity of air)
Ans:
Tidal volume
Residual volume
500 ml
1500ml
Page 3 of 13
5. Give suitable explanations for the following:
a. Breathing through the nose is said to be healthier than through the mouth.
Ans: This is because the nose contains hair which traps any foreign particles breath in
with the air and at the same times the nostril is rich with blood vessel which helps to
maintain the optimum temperature of air before passing into the body.
b. Why does gaseous exchange continue in the lungs even during expiration?
Ans: The air is said to be trap in the tract of respiratory system which get exchange
during the expiration.
c. Why does a person feel breathlessness at higher altitude?
Ans: At higher altitudes the air is said to be thinner compare to the lower altitude.
6. Select the correct answer out of the four choices given in each case:
a. During inspiration, the diaphragm
i.
Relaxes
ii.
Contracts
iii.
Expands
iv.
Gets folded
Ans: iii. Expands
b. The (alveoli/bronchioles/tracheoles/bronchi) are the ultimate end parts of the
respiratory system in humans.
Ans: Alveoli
c. During respiration there is
i.
Gain in dry weight
ii.
Loss in dry weight
iii.
No change in dry weight
iv.
Increase in the overall weight
Ans: iii. No change in dry weight
d. Most of the CO2 produced in a tissue enters the RBCs by
i.
Active transport
ii.
Diffusion
iii.
Passive transport
iv.
Osmosis
Ans: ii. Diffusion
7. With regard to the respiratory system and the process of respiration in man, answer the
following question.
a. Name the two kinds of muscles that help in respiration
Ans: diaphragm and intercostal muscle
b. Briefly describe how the above mentioned muscles help in the inspiration of air
Ans: Ribs: They move upward and outward enlarging the chest cavity all around
decreasing the pressure inside the lungs which drags in air. During expiration, they
moves down and inward increasing the pressure inside the lung pushing the air out.
Page 4 of 13
Diaphragm: When it expands it goes back to its normal dome shape, and decreases
the chest cavity indirectly decreasing the pressure inside the lungs which force the air
inside the lungs out. When the diaphragm contracts, it flatten which increases the
chest cavity and the air rushes in the lungs.
c. Give the overall chemical equation to represent the process of respiration in human
Ans: C6H12O6 + O2 → 6O2 + H2O + Energy
d. What is meant by:
1. Residual air and 2. Dead air space
Ans:
Residual air
Dead air space
The air which is always left in the lungs
These are that tidal air, left in respiratory
even after forcibly breathing out. It
passages such as trachea and bronchi
amounts to 1500.
where no diffusion of gases can occur. It
amounts to 150 ml.
8. Name the structure concerned with the given functional activity:
a. Prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing
Ans: epiglottis
b. Transports oxygen to the body cells
Ans: red blood cells
c. Helps to increase the volume of the chest cavity lengthwise.
Ans: intercostal muscle
d. Combines with the oxygen in the lungs.
Ans: RBCs
e. Protects the lungs from mechanical injuries.
Ans: pleura fluid
f. Provides actual diffusion of respiratory gases in the lungs.
Ans: alveoli
9. Starting from nostrils, describe the path in sequence which the inspired air takes until it
reaches the air sac.
Ans: the air gets into the body through the nostril. When swe inhale, the diaphragm
contracts and pulls the ribs upward and outward. These actions increase the size of the
chest cavity and the lungs expand to fill the space. Because there is now more room for
the air in the lungs, the pressure of that air decreases. The air pressure in the lungs
becomes lower than the air pressure outside the body. The high-pressured outside air
rushes in through the nose to fill the low-pressured lungs.
10. What are the functions of the following in breathing?
a. Ribs
Page 5 of 13
Ans: They move upward and outward enlarging the chest cavity all around decreasing
the pressure inside the lungs which drags in air. During expiration, they moves down
and inward increasing the pressure inside the lung pushing the air out.
b. Diaphragm
Ans: When it expands it goes back to its normal dome shape, and decreases the chest
cavity indirectly decreasing the pressure inside the lungs which force the air inside
the lungs out. When the diaphragm contracts, it flatten which increases the chest
cavity and the air rushes in the lungs.
c. Abdominal muscles
Ans: When it contract the abdominal content gives pressure which relaxes and moves
diaphragm upwards in its dome shape and vice-versa.
11. What is the normal percentage composition of gases in the inspired and expired air?
Ans:
Component of air (gases)
Inspired air (%)
Expired air (%)
Oxygen
20.96
16.4
Carbon dioxide
0.04
4.0
Nitrogen
79.00
79.6
Water vapour
Low
high
12. Under what conditions would the breathing rate increase?
Ans: if the carbon content in the blood is more than the breathing rate may increase.
13. How would you prove that the air you breathe out is warmer?
Ans: If we breathe the air on our palm we would find it warm.
14. How the respiratory passage is kept free of dust particles?
Ans: Nostril has lots of hair and the walls of the respiratory tract contain lots of cilia. This
structure prevents the dust particle from entering inside the body.
15. Mention any two functions of breathing.
Ans: it supplies oxygen to the body and excretes out carbon dioxide from the body.
16. What is wrong in the statement “we breathe in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide”?
Ans: Actually we not only breathe in oxygen but all the gases and we too breath out
water vapour and nitrogen besides the carbon dioxide.
17. Given alongside is a diagrammatic sketch of a kind of part in human lungs
i.
Name the parts numbered 1-4
Ans: 1. Thin wall of capillary: 2. RBCs: 3. Direction of blood from pulmonary
artery: 4. Alveoli
ii.
What do the arrows 5 and 6 indicate?
Ans: Arrow 5 indicates CO2 diffusing out from blood into lungs and arrow 6
indicates O2 diffusing into the blood from lung.
Page 6 of 13
18. Given below is an overall chemical reaction of a certain process:
C6H12O6
lactic acid + 2ATP + heat energy
a. Name the process
Ans: the process is an anaerobic respiration
b. Is this reaction applicable to animals and plants
Ans: The reaction is in animal.
c. Name one tissue in which this reaction may occur.
Ans: It can occur in skeletal muscle
19. Which chemical compound inside a cell can be termed “Currency of Energy”
Ans: ATP can be termed “Currency of Energy”.
20. Match the items in column A with those in column B.
A
Cartilaginous
Large surface area
Breathing movement
Voice
Complemental air
Swallowing
B
Epiglottis
Diaphragm
Bronchi
Alveoli
Larynx
Extra inhalation
Page 7 of 13
21. Given below are chemical reactions (1-5) involving glucose and five other chemical
products (A-E).
A
B
C
Starch
Lactic acid
Glycogen
Reaction 1
Reaction 2
Reaction 3
Glucose
Reaction 5
D
Reaction 4
E
Carbon dioxide &
alcohol
Carbon dioxide &
water
a. Write the reaction number of the following:
i.
Anaerobic respiration in plants …
Ans: Reaction 5
ii.
End products in aerobic respiration…
Ans: Reaction 4
iii.
Reaction occurring in liver
Ans: reaction 3
iv.
Anaerobic respiration in animals…
Ans: reaction 1
v.
Storage in liver…
Ans: reaction
b. Which reactions (1-5) in the above correspond to the following (write the
corresponding number of reaction next to them)
I.
Aerobic respiration
Ans: reaction 4
II.
Change taking place in the liver…
Ans: reaction 3
Page 8 of 13
Anaerobic respiration in yeast…
Ans: Reaction 5
IV.
Change taking place in a plant storage organ, e.g., potato
Ans: Reaction 2
V.
Anaerobic respiration in animals
Ans: Reaction 1
22. The volume of air in the lungs and the rate at which it is exchange during inspiration and
expiration was measured.
The following diaphragm shows a group of the lung volumes and capacities:
III.
Study the graph carefully and explain briefly the following:
a. Tidal volume (TV): air breathed in and out in a normal quite breathing
b. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): air that can be drawn in forcibly over and above
the tidal air.
c. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): air that can be forcibly expelled out after an
ordinary expiration.
d. Vital capacity (VC): the volume of air that can be forcibly taken in and expelled out
by maximum inspiration and expiration.
e. Residual volume (RV)
23. Match the items in column I with the ones most appropriate in column II. Rewrite the
matching pairs:
Page 9 of 13
Column I
a. Alveoli
b. Bronchioles
c. Nasal chamber
d. Bronchi
Column I
a.
b.
c.
d.
Column II
1. Where aerotric respiration take
place
2. Lined with hair
3. Diffusion of gases
4. An inverted Y-shaped tube
5. A common passage for food and
air
Column II
3.
4.
2.
5.
Page 10 of 13
Progress check
1. Given below is the definition of respiration with a few blanks to be filled up. Write
suitable words in the balnks:
I.
Respiration is a process of releasing…(energy) by breaking down …(glucose) for
carrying out …(life) process…
II.
Write the chemical equation representing the above definition of respiration.
Ans: C6H12O6 + O2 → 6O2 + H2O + Energy
III.
In what form is the energy liberated in respiration?
Ans: It is liberated in the form of heat.
IV.
Give two examples of life activities which need energy.
Ans: walking and playing
2. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
i.
Strenuous physical exercise may cause fatigue due to accumulation of CO2 in the
blood. (false)
ii.
No CO2 is produced in anaerobic respiration in the human body. (true)
iii.
Breathing and gaseous transport are one and the same thing. (false)
iv.
CO2 is transported to the lungs by the blood in two forms: as bicarbonates and as
Carbaminoheamoglobin. (true)
v.
Tissue respiration means chemical changes occurring inside the cell. (false)
3. 1. Match the items in column I with those in column II.
Column I
Column II
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
(i). production of voice
(ii). C-shaped ring
(iii). Warms air
(iv). Drives mucus
(v). closes wind-pipe during
swallowing
(vi). Network of capillaries
(vii). Spongy and elastic
Nasal chamber
Epiglottis
Air sac
Lungs
Larynx
Trachea
Cilia
2. How do the following contribute in inspiration during breathing?
I.
Ribs: They move upward and outward enlarging the chest cavity all around
decreasing the pressure inside the lungs which drags in air. During expiration,
they moves down and inward increasing the pressure inside the lung pushing
the air out.
II.
Diaphragm: When it expands it goes back to its normal dome shape, and
decreases the chest cavity indirectly decreasing the pressure inside the lungs
which force the air inside the lungs out. When the diaphragm contracts, it
flatten which increases the chest cavity and the air rushes in the lungs.
Page 11 of 13
3. Match the lung capacities in column I with the quantities given in column II.
Column I
a. Residual air
b. Vital capacity
c. Total lung capacity
d. Dead air space
Column II
4500mL
6000mL
1500ML
150mL
4. 1. Mention any two points of difference in the quality of inspired and expired air
Ans:
Component of air (gases)
Inspired air (%)
Expired air (%)
Oxygen
20.96
16.4
Carbon dioxide
0.04
4.0
2. Give reasons for:
i. People climbing to high altitudes may suffer from dizziness and unsteady vision
Ans: This is due to thinning in amount of oxygen. At high altitude the amount
of oxygen is less compare to sea level.
ii.
Use of lime water in most experiments on respiration
Ans: this is because colourless lime water turns milky when it comes in
contact with water.
iii.
Respiration rate is higher in the animals than in plants.
Ans: This is because as the plant is mostly stationary it does not do much
physical activity as animal does. Respiration is higher in plants because
animal have to do lots of physical activities like finding of food, water and
shelter which need locomotion. This requires energy.
4. Given alongside is an experiment intended to demonstrate the action of diaphragm, but
something has gone wrong.
Page 12 of 13
1. What is the mistaken in the diagram? Explain.
Ans: The membrane in the diagram which is analogous to diaphragm should be
contracting and pulling itself down. This will increase the chest cavity and decreases
the pressure inside the lungs. As the pressure decreases in the lungs air from outside
rushes in filling the lungs.
Rakesh Limbu (BE 091915)
B. Ed Sec Sci “A”
Page 13 of 13