EA Sea-Way (WP4)
Assessment of the Adriatic port system
and its integration with hinterland
Ivana Čavka, M.Sc., B.Sc.
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering
Vojvode Stepe 305, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: i.cavka@sf.bg.ac.rs
CONTENTS
OUTPUT No. 2 Hinterland connections
1. Road infrastructure in the hinterland of Adriatic-Ionian region
2. Airports and air connections in Adriatic-Ionian region
OUTPUT No. 5 Report on scenarios
1. Scenario analysis for road transport in Adriatic-Ionian region
2. Scenario analysis for air transport in Adriatic-Ionian region
OUTPUT No. 6 Guidelines
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region
• Road traffic flows analysis covers a total of 17 ports from 6
countries:
• Croatia (Rovinj, Pula, Krk, Malo Lošinj, Rab and Dubrovnik)
• Italy (Trieste, Chioggia, Ravenna, Ancona, Termoli and Bari)
• Slovenia (port of Koper)
• Montenegro (port of Bar)
• Albania (Vlore and Sarande)
• Greece (Igoumenitsa)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region (Croatia)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region (Italy)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region (Slovenia)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region (Montenegro)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region (Albania and Greece)
Road infrastructure in the hinterland
of Adriatic-Ionian region
•
Detailed distribution of traffic flows on the main coridors that lead to the areas of
ports in the region in each country with their respective value of the average annual
daily traffic (AADT)
•
Detailed overview of the actual traffic flows within the areas of ports in the region,
where the level of detail involves following data:
•
the year in which the actual traffic flow is realized (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013)
•
categories of motor vehicles - passenger car, bus and truck (available for the years 2012 and
2013)
•
seasonal inequalities (Seasonal inequalities are expressed using a defined average summer
daily traffic (ASDT). ASDT represents the average daily number of vehicles that pass through
the road section in the summer period, from 1 July to 31 August.)
•
Values of the realized average daily traffic volume expressed in vehicle kilometers
[vehkm] within the areas of ports in the region
•
Figures and trends in relation to the obeseved years and season (by observing all four
years, traffic has greater intensity during summer period than in the other months for
approximately 85%)
Scenario analysis for road transport in
Adriatic-Ionian region
• Total realized traffic volume on the road network for the certain area depends
on a number of factors which can be divided into several groups: geographical
and location parameters, socio-economic and sociopolitical characteristics,
deployment activities, the characteristics of the transport network, the
parameters of the movement of passengers and cargo.
• Most of the mentioned factors in the prediction of traffic or transport volume
on the road network are based on TRANSTOOLS transport model. Therefore,
this software package was used for analyzing the scenario development of the
road sector.
Scenario analysis for road transport in
Adriatic-Ionian region
•
Three development scenarios are considered: pessimistic, realistic and optimistic scenario.
•
As a first step for conducting this study, current situation overview (2010, 2011, 2012) was provided as well as
the forecast of the future transport volume (short-term until the year 2020 and mid-term until the year 2030) at
the level of entire territory of each country in the Adriatic-Ionian region, according to available data and
forecasts relating to periods. The results obtained in the first step are therefore the results of real scenarios.
•
Pessimistic scenario results are obtained by subtracting the traffic volumes for 10% , while the optimistic
scenario results are obtained by increasing the traffic volumes for 10%.
•
In the second step, the projection of traffic volume changes was performed from the level of the whole road
network on the country level to the regional level of each country (areas of considered ports).
Airports and air connections in
Adriatic-Ionian region
• Airports and air connections in the Adriatic-Ionian region
• Assessment of the Adriatic-Ionian national airlines
• Assessment of Adriatic-Ionian basin airports network
• Air transport capacity and facts
• Historic air passenger traffic trends
Airports and air connections in
Adriatic-Ionian region
Some facts...
• By applying TEN-T (Trans-European Transport Networks) categorization on the
airports in the Adriatic region it can be noted that only few airports, based on
their traffic performance are considered as International connecting points,
while others could be in the second category as Community connecting points
or Regional connecting points.
• The airports in Adriatic region are mainly equipped with one runway longer
than 2,400 meters enabling operations of narrow and wide body jets such as
B767-300 and A310-300, while some runway systems are able to accept even
the largest body passenger aircraft (B747-400, A380, A340-500).
• Other airport capacity limitations are visible in taxiway systems, aprons, gates
and passenger terminal areas and even though airport runways that are
capable to accommodate largest passenger aircraft mentioned limiting factors
preclude its usage.
Airports and air connections in
Adriatic-Ionian region
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Geographic position and level of air routes
network development;
Airports infrastructure resources;
Available resources for aviation sector
connection to port, road and rail resources;
Membership in European aviation organizations
of Adriatic region countries;
Available sources for potential regional airports
network development and its connectivity with
the rest of Europe
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Interests of airports development as an open
markets in European air transport network;
Future possibility to air cargo transport increase;
Possibility for establishing international and
regional port connectivity by air;
Possibility for reducing travel time within the
ports by air connection
Insufficiently usage of existing airport infrastructure (particularly
for small size airports with seasonal character of aircraft
operations);
Lack of modern air navigation system (in some airports);
Lack of financial resources for air mode infrastructure
development;
Weak and insufficiently steady political position of some non EU
countries;
National monopoly on several airports;
Lack of cargo resources;
Lack of airports interconnection by rail;
Insufficient airports utilization by passengers and aircraft due to
their capacities;
Lack of certain airports interconnection with ports
T
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Lack of aviation infrastructural development projects in relation
to ports hinterland by air connectivity;
Slow aviation infrastructure development due to single air
package projects;
Manifestation of partial and local interests inside the countries;
Long lasting economic crisis aiming the passenger decreasing
trend;
Airports seasonal character
Scenario analysis for air transport in
Adriatic-Ionian region
•
International and Intercontinental flights development (optimistic scenario - Best) – It
is not possible to expect that the future development of airports in the Adriatic region
would be equal for all countries, but there is still great opportunity to develop new
routes which will continue to expand the number of potential passengers use ports
services. The possible way of future development should be based not only on hub
connectivity, with the expected growth rate of 5% RPK.
•
Regional and International flights development (realistic scenario - Modest) – This
scenario considers existing flights routes between Adriatic region and other European
cities. The expected growth rate is evaluated as 2% of RPK growth, according to GDP
and forecast until 2032. This scenario will cover minor growth of passenger using port
services, while the growth rate is perceived on the basis of tourist destinations within
the region.
•
Municipal and local oriented airports (pessimistic scenario - Worst) – This scenario is
not expected to be held within the large number of airports within the Adriatic region,
but still some future trends should bring reductions in RPK or number of operations for
some seasonal airports. Above all, some global economy drivers, Ukrainian crisis, etc.
could provide reductions in larger airports but not more than 5% in the total RPK
within the region.
The main goals....
•
Road traffic is still predominant on the Adriatic basin network since this is the only transport
mode connected to all observed ports. Railway traffic is quite less used since the
infrastructure is not equally developed in the whole region and this market is still
deregulated which in some connections require much more travel time compared to other
modes, especially with air transport.
•
Ground access infrastructure requirements will invariably start with an efficient road
network linked to the local system, required not only for cars but also for buses.
•
Cooperation between air traffic stakeholders in order to prepare a plan to implement
shorter plane routes should be enhanced. Better coordination between the ‘Functional
Airspace Blocks’ can ensure a needed transition from domestic air traffic management
arrangements to a more integrated European dimension.
•
Further nodal planning for multimodality should be developed. The overlap of different
freight and person transport leads in many nodes to congestion and loss of productivity.
Terminal infrastructure is also missing or little developed to combine the different modes. In
this context air transport can play a key role in allowing access to remote regions. This
would at the same time improve the conditions for location development on the spot and
for shifting transport volumes to more energy efficient and environmentally friendly
transport modes like rail and water. Networks between relevant stakeholders should be set
up in order to improve the quality of the transport system and logistic chains between the
nodes and within the nodes – with a focus on sustainable transport modes such as railways
and waterways.
Thank you for your attention!