HIV Prevention
Research Tools
Subtitle will go here
Presenter:
INTRODUCTION
This project was supported through Federal funds from the Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and
Human Services Grant # UM01 AI068614: “Leadership Group for a Global HIV Vaccine Clinical
Trials (Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination).”
Introduction
Welcome to this workshop about HIV (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus) prevention research tools.
These prevention methods include:
■ Biomedical (medicines, vaccines, and any equipment and tools
to fight disease)
■ Non-biomedical (behavioral)
What Will We Do in This Workshop?
Define and describe HIV prevention tools and research and how they are
used in HIV prevention research.
Agenda
Introduction
Lunch
What Is HIV
Prevention and the HIV
Combination
Prevention Toolbox?
What Are HIV
Prevention Tools and
How Are They Used in
HIV Prevention
Research?
What Are HIV
Prevention Tools
and How Are They
Used in HIV
Prevention
Research?
(continued)
Conclusion
Housekeeping
■
■
■
■
■
Fire drills
Rest rooms
Messages
Lunch
Smoking
Remember to:
Ask
questions
Share what
you know
Participate
in all
activities
Icebreaker
What is your
name?
What do you do?
Tell us
something
special about
yourself.
WHAT IS HIV PREVENTION AND
THE HIV COMBINATION
PREVENTION TOOLBOX?
This project was supported through Federal funds from the Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and
Human Services Grant # UM01 AI068614: “Leadership Group for a Global HIV Vaccine Clinical
Trials (Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination).”
Objectives
The qualities of high-impact HIV prevention
The HIV combination prevention toolbox and what it contains
Introduction
HIV prevention includes: medicines, medical devices, medical
procedures, physical barriers, and behavioral approaches.
Medicines
Medical devices/
medical procedures
Physical
barriers
Behavioral
approaches
Introduction, continued
Comprehensive HIV
prevention includes
multiple approaches
instead of just one or
two approaches.
Introduction, continued
No one HIV
prevention
approach will
be acceptable
to all people.
Research is critical to
develop and test new
prevention options that
offer people more
choices.
The best
option for one
person may not
be the best for
others.
High-Impact Prevention
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) is using what they call
high-impact prevention.
High-impact prevention includes:
“…using combinations of scientifically proven, cost-effective, and
scalable interventions targeted to the right populations in the right
geographic areas.”
High-Impact Prevention, continued
■ Disease surveillance
■ HIV antibody counseling, testing, and
referral services
■ Street and community outreach
■ Risk-reduction counseling
■ Prevention case management
■ Prevention and treatment of other
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
High-Impact Prevention, continued
■
■
■
■
■
Public information and education
School-based AIDS education
International research studies
Technology transfer systems
Organizational capacity building
The HIV Combination Prevention Toolbox
The toolbox is organized into two sections:
Tools and approaches
that are “medical” in
nature
Tools and approaches
that are “behavioral”
in nature
The HIV Combination Prevention Toolbox, continued
Vaccines
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
The HIV Combination Prevention Toolbox, continued
Vaccines
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
Effective HIV Prevention Programs
An effective community
planning process
Collection of data about
HIV risks, incidence, or
prevalence
HIV counseling, testing,
and referral, and partner
counseling and referral,
with strong linkages to
medical care,
intervention, and
prevention services
Health education and
risk reduction activities,
including individual-,
group-, and communitylevel interventions
Effective HIV Prevention Programs, continued
Accessible services for
diagnosis and treatment
of other STIs
Comprehensive school
health programs
Public information and
education programs
Training and quality
assurance
Effective HIV Prevention Programs, continued
An HIV prevention
technical assistance
assessment and plan
Evaluation of major
program activities,
interventions, and
services
Knowledge about HIV
prevention research
Knowledge about
research outcomes in
communities most
impacted by HIV
Effective HIV Prevention Programs, continued
Two-way information:
• Bringing scientific
information to the
community
• Bringing
community
opinions, beliefs,
and concerns to
researchers
Personal responsibility about current
health status:
• Know your HIV status.
• If infected with HIV, get treated.
• If not infected with HIV, use
combination prevention
strategies.
• Use combination treatments as
instructed for your own health
and to prevent transmission to
your sexual partner(s).
• If not infected with HIV, retest
regularly. The CDC recommends
that people at risk for HIV
infection be tested every three
months.
What Did You Learn?
In this activity, you will With your group:
think about how you can ■ Brainstorm the question you are
apply what you learned
assigned (you only need to brainstorm
about HIV prevention by
one of the questions).
answering a question.
■ Share your answers with the whole
group so they can hear your ideas.
How can you use
what you have
learned about HIV
prevention in your
daily life?
If someone you
know wants more
information about
HIV prevention,
what would you
tell him/her?
If someone close
to you engages in
risky behaviour,
what would you
do?
In what ways has
this information
about HIV
prevention
impacted YOU?
Summary
Comprehensive HIV prevention includes treatment, information,
skills, personal responsibility, and access to tools, products, and
approaches.
Different HIV prevention approaches need to be tested to find out
what works best. Identifying and offering more options will allow
people to determine which options fit their lifestyle, their needs, and
the needs of their family and friends. Ongoing HIV prevention
research supports:
■ More HIV prevention options
■ More combination HIV prevention options
■ More diverse research participants to enlarge the understanding
of what works
Questions?
WHAT ARE HIV PREVENTION
TOOLS AND HOW ARE THEY USED
IN HIV PREVENTION RESEARCH?
This project was supported through Federal funds from the Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and
Human Services Grant # UM01 AI068614: “Leadership Group for a Global HIV Vaccine Clinical
Trials (Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination).”
Objectives
Prevention research and HIV prevention research successes
The role of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV prevention research
The role of vaccines in HIV prevention research
The role of microbicides in HIV prevention research
Introduction
■ Promoting awareness, understanding, and
dialogue between researchers and members of
impacted communities and advocates
■ Encouraging support for ongoing HIV
prevention research
■ Developing and evaluating new HIV
prevention tools and approaches
■ Improving HIV treatment regimens
Introduction, continued
Three Important Medical Prevention Tools
Microbicides
Preexposure
prophylaxis
(PrEP)
Vaccines
Introduction, continued
Vaccines
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
HIV Prevention Research Successes
Prevention of
Mother-toChild
Transmission
(PMTCT)
CAPRISA 004
Microbicide
The Thai HIV
Vaccine Trial
(RV144)
Partners PrEP
Pre-exposure
Prophylaxis
Initiative
(iPrEx)
HPTN 052
(Treatment as
Prevention)
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
Prevention of
Mother-toChild
Transmission
(PMTCT)
■ PMTCT began as clinical research.
■ It is now considered regular care in the
U.S. and much of the world.
■ Before 1994, HIV-infected women had at least a 25% chance of
passing HIV to their babies.
■ Now, in the U.S., there is less than a 2% chance of HIV infection
when HIV-infected mothers and their babies receive HIV
treatment.
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
The Thai HIV
Vaccine Trial
(RV144)
■ RV144 was a clinical study from 2003-2009 testing
a combination of two HIV vaccines (the “prime”
and the “boost”).
■ The goal of the prime/boost approach is to stimulate
different parts of the body’s immune system and
increase the body's overall immune response to HIV.
■ RV144 is the first study to show evidence of moderate protection and the
possibility for an effective vaccine.
■ It provided a lot of new information about how antibodies form in
response to the vaccine.
■ The prime/boost vaccine combination lowered the rate of HIV infection by
about 31%.
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
CAPRISA 004
Microbicide
■ CAPRISA 004 was a clinical study from
2007-2010 testing the effectiveness of a
microbicide gel product containing 1%
tenofovir (an antiretroviral medication) in
women used before and after vaginal sex.
■ CAPRISA 004 is the first study to show evidence of moderate
protection and the possibility of an effective vaginal microbicide.
■ There were 39% fewer HIV infections among women who used
the CAPRISA 004 microbicide.
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
Pre-exposure
Prophylaxis
Initiative
(iPrEx)
■ iPrEx was a clinical study from 2007-2009 to test if
taking a daily tablet containing a combination of two
antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs can prevent HIV
infection through anal sex among men who have sex
with men and transgender women who have sex with
men.
■ In 2011-2013, there was an open label extension
(iPrEx OLE) allowing trial participants to take
Truvada®.
■ The drug proved to be safe and well-tolerated.
■ Side effects were mild and infrequent.
■ Among participants who took the drug on 90% or more days, there
were 72.8% fewer HIV infections.
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
Partners PrEP
■ Partners PrEP was a clinical study from 20082010 for heterosexual couples where one partner
was infected with HIV and the other was not.
■ It included taking a daily tablet of either
tenofovir (TDF) or tenofovir/emtricitabine
(TDF/FTC).
■ HIV infection rates through vaginal sex were reduced by:
• 67% for tenofovir (TDF) alone
• 75% for the tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) combination
■ In May 2012, the FDA recommended approval of fixed-dose
combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) based on the
iPrEx and Partners PrEP results.
HIV Prevention Research Successes, continued
HPTN 052
(Treatment as
Prevention)
■ HPTN 052 was a clinical study from 2005-2010 for
couples (mostly heterosexual) where one partner
was infected with HIV and the other was not.
■ It included the HIV-infected person taking a
combination of three or four drugs from a group of
11 HIV ARVs.
■ There was a 96% reduction in HIV transmission to the HIV‐uninfected
partner.
■ HPTN 052 was the first randomized clinical study to demonstrate that
early antiretroviral therapy can improve health outcomes for the infected
person and prevent transmission of HIV to the uninfected partner.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Introduction
The PrEP prevention approach is focused on
people who do not have HIV, but may be at
risk of exposure to HIV through sexual
contact and/or injection drug use (IDU).
■ With PrEP, people who are not infected with
HIV receive a prescription to take a
medication.
■ The medication may lower their risk of HIV
infection if they are exposed to HIV through
sexual contact.
Introduction, continued
Vaccines
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
PEP vs. PrEP
PrEP is treatment before exposure
HIV
Exposure
PEP is treatment after exposure
PrEP Progress
One major milestone in HIV prevention was
the approval of a daily oral medication
TDF/FTC in the United States (marketed
under the name Truvada®) for HIV prevention.
Truvada® is a combination of two
antiretroviral drugs:
■ Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (also called
TDF, or tenofovir)
■ Emtricitabine (also called FTC)
PrEP Progress, continued
January 2011
July 2012
August 2012
June 2013
• Interim
guidance issues
by the U.S.
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC) for men
who have sex
with men and
transgender
women who are
at risk for HIV
infection
• Approved by
the U.S. Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
• World Health
Organization
issued guidance
on PrEP use
• Interim
guidance issues
by the CDC for
heterosexual
men and
women at risk
for HIV
infection, such
as those in
relationships
where one
person is
infected and the
other is not
• CDC adds
intravenous
drug users to
the interim
guidance on
PrEP use based
on the results of
the Bangkok
Tenofovir
Study
HIV Prevention Using Truvada®
■ Truvada® (also known as TDF/FTC) is approved for daily use
for HIV prevention.
■ Truvada® must be taken on a consistent, daily basis to be
effective as PrEP.
■ One caution that applies to any new intervention is that it could
result in less condom usage and more risky behavior that would
offset the benefits.
■ It is recommended that people who are prescribed PrEP continue
to use condoms.
HIV Prevention Using Truvada®, continued
How
Truvada® as
PrEP works
Truvada® is an antiretroviral medication (ARV)
that protects people not infected with HIV if
they are exposed to the virus
ARVs block HIV replication in multiple places
in the reproductive cycle of the virus
HIV Prevention Using Truvada®, continued
Who should
use Truvada®
for HIV
prevention?
Men who have sex with men
Transgender women who have sex with men
Heterosexual couples where one partner has
HIV and the other does not
Injecting drug users (based on CDC study
results)
HIV Prevention Using Truvada®, continued
Requirements
for use
Be uninfected with HIV proven by testing prior
to starting use
Test for HIV infection at least every three
months while taking Truvada®
Commit to safer sex practices as part of a
comprehensive HIV prevention program,
including the use of condoms
Must take Truvada® daily to achieve the
maximal benefit of reduced risk of HIV
infection
PrEP Continuing Research
Some of the
goals of ongoing
PrEP research
include:
Implementation
research to
understand
PrEP in “real
world” settings
Research in
more countries
and populations
More drugs, delivery
methods, and dosing
schedules
PrEP Continuing Research, continued
A number of public and private organizations, in partnership
and individually, are working together to find PrEP solutions
that can help prevent HIV.
The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN), funded by the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),
is dedicated to discover and develop new and innovative
research strategies to reduce the acquisition and transmission
of HIV.
What Did You Learn?
In this activity, you
will brainstorm how
you can apply what
you learned about
PrEP by answering a
question.
With your group:
■ Brainstorm the question you are assigned
(you only need to brainstorm one of the
questions).
■ Share your answers with the whole group
so they can hear your ideas.
What thoughts, questions
and concerns came to your
mind about PrEP as you
heard/read information
about this HIV prevention
modality?
If you were asked to
speak to an audience
about PrEP, what would
be the three most
important messages you
would want to convey?
PrEP Summary
■ PrEP is a medical
prevention approach for
people who do not have
HIV but are at risk for
HIV infection.
■ They take a specific
medication on a daily
basis to reduce the risk
of HIV infection if
exposed through sexual
contact or intravenous
drug use.
Questions?
Vaccines
Introduction
A vaccine is a substance that
teaches the body’s immune system
to recognize and protect against a
disease caused by an infectious
agent or virus, often by stimulating
the body to produce antibodies and
T-cells against that infection.
A safe and effective preventive vaccine is believed to be the best way
to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the long term. There is a lot of
important research going on to find a safe and effective HIV vaccine.
However, there is currently no licensed vaccine against HIV or
AIDS.
Introduction, continued
Vaccines
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
How Would a Vaccine Work?
Teach the
body to
recognize
HIV
Tell the
body to
sound an
alarm
Send
fighter cells
to go into
action
Result: HIV
is
controlled
or killed
Important Numbers
-25%
+66%
• An HIV vaccine with just 50% efficacy
administered to 30% of the population of
developing countries between 2015 and 2030
could prevent 25% of the infections that would
otherwise occur.
• Without an HIV vaccine, the number of new
infections per year could increase from 6
million to 10 million by 2030.
HIV Vaccines—the Future
■ Vaccines are important to control the
spread of HIV.
■ Vaccines would not be a cure for AIDS.
■ Vaccines are tested with people not
infected with HIV because we want to keep
them uninfected.
■ HIV vaccines may one day be able to
prevent or delay AIDS in HIV-infected
people, too.
HIV Vaccines—the Future, continued
How an
HIV vaccine
might work
HIV
possible
benefits
• Prevent infection in most people
• Prevent HIV disease progression after infection
• Even if a vaccine only protects some people, it would
have a major impact on controlling the HIV/AIDS
epidemic
• A partially effective vaccine could decrease the
number of people who get infected with HIV
• There would be fewer HIV-infected people at risk to
pass the virus on to others
Challenges in Developing an HIV Vaccine
■ HIV can “hide” from the immune system that protects the body.
■ HIV infection attacks the same immune cells that the body uses to
defend itself against infection.
■ There are many different varieties of HIV.
■ HIV changes rapidly, even in a single person.
■ There is no good model for testing HIV vaccines in animals,
because HIV impacts people in ways that are different from the
animal versions.
■ We have no human example of someone who has naturally cleared
an HIV infection, so we are not sure what the immune response is
that would be needed for protection; we have to do better than
“mother nature”.
Vaccines Continuing Research
“A vaccine offers the world’s best hope for not
just easing…AIDS but also ending it. The past
has shown us the power of vaccines in
changing the course of human history.”
-http://www.avac.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/47235
Vaccines Continuing Research, continued
A number of public and private organizations, in partnership
and individually, are working together to find a vaccine that
could end the epidemic.
The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), funded by the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), is an international collaboration that conducts all
phases of clinical studies to test vaccine efficacy.
What Did You Learn?
In this activity, you
will brainstorm how
you can apply what
you learned about
vaccines by
answering a question.
With your group:
■ Brainstorm the question you are assigned
(you only need to brainstorm one of the
questions).
■ Share your answers with the whole group
so they can hear your ideas.
What thoughts, questions
and concerns came to your
mind about vaccines as you
heard/read information
about this HIV prevention
modality?
If you were asked to
speak to an audience
about vaccines, what
would be the three most
important messages you
would want to convey?
Vaccines Summary
A vaccine uses a
substance that teaches
the body’s immune
system to recognize
and protect against a
disease caused by an
infectious agent or
virus, often by
stimulating the body to
produce antibodies and
T-cells against that
infection.
Questions?
Microbicides
Introduction
A microbicide is designed to reduce the
risk of HIV transmission during vaginal
and anal sex. Microbicides can include:
■ Creams, gels, films, and suppositories that
can be used in the vagina or rectum
■ Intra-vaginal rings that release drugs
gradually over time and that may only need
to be replaced monthly
Introduction, continued
■ Most microbicides being tested today
contain antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.
■ These drugs have been shown to protect
people not infected with HIV if they are
exposed to the virus.
■ They can prevent the growth of HIV—
therefore, infection.
■ ARVs block HIV replication in multiple
places in the reproductive cycle of the
virus.
Introduction, continued
Vaccines
Treatment as Prevention
(TasP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP)
HIV Prevention Toolbox
Microbicides
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevention of Motherto-Child Transmission
(PMTCT)
Medical
Harm Reduction
Education
Clean Syringes
Medical Male
Circumcision
(Needle Exchange Programs)
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Behavioral/Physical Barriers
Treatment/
Prevention of Drug/
Alcohol Abuse
Why Are Microbicides Important?
Vaginal
microbicides
Designed to protect women during vaginal
intercourse
Rectal
microbicides
Designed to protect both men and women
during anal sex
Why Are Microbicides Important? continued
“If proven effective…microbicides could
protect against HIV in people who are unable
or reluctant to use condoms. Unlike condoms,
they could provide an alternative way to
reduce risk that is not controlled by one’s
sexual partner and possibly enhance sexual
pleasure, helping to motivate consistent use.”
- MTN Rectal Microbicide Fact Sheet
Why Are Microbicides Important? continued
Microbicides and women
For women around the
world, some prevention
tools are not practical.
Because of gender-based
violence and other factors
it can be difficult for
women to:
Insist that partners use condoms
Limit their or their partner’s HIV exposure
Get themselves or their partners treatment for sexually
transmitted infections (STIs)
Why Are Microbicides Important? continued
Microbicides and
men
Make up 60% of all new HIV infections
In the U.S., men who
have sex with men:
Represent more than 50% of the people currently living
with HIV
Globally, are 19 times more likely to be infected with HIV
than the general population
Consistent condom use is a problem for many men.
Microbicides offer an alternative and can be formulated
like a lubricant, which men already use for anal sex
Challenges with Microbicides
■ Dependence on human behavior requiring
regular application
■ Cultural and regional preferences
■ Lack of current combination microbicides
that would prevent HIV, other STIs,
and/or provide a form of contraception
Microbicides Continuing Research
Develop products
that:
• Are/are not ARV based
• Are contraceptive, non-contraceptive, and broad
spectrum against several sexually transmitted diseases
• Designed for both vaginal and/or rectal use
Conduct more
research on:
•
•
•
•
Drug resistance
Alternate dosing
Delivery methods (for example, the vaginal ring)
Impacts on pregnancy and breastfeeding
Understand issues
around:
•
•
•
•
Accessing and availability
Cost
Regular HIV testing requirements
Need for prescriptions for ARV-based microbicides
Microbicides Continuing Research, continued
■ Rectal microbicides research is in the early phase of clinical
development due in part to scientific challenges related to the
biology of the rectum and cultural reluctance to address anal sex.
■ Several studies evaluating the rectal safety of microbicides have
been completed to date.
■ A number of public and private organizations, in partnership and
individually, are working together to find microbicides can help
prevent HIV.
■ The Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) is
funded by the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
What Did You Learn?
In this activity, you
will brainstorm how
you can apply what
you learned about
microbicides by
answering a question.
With your group:
■ Brainstorm the question you are assigned
(you only need to brainstorm one of the
questions).
■ Share your answers with the whole group
so they can hear your ideas.
What thoughts, questions
and concerns came to your
mind about microbicides as
you heard/read information
about this HIV prevention
modality?
If you were asked to
speak to an audience
about microbicides, what
would be the three most
important messages you
would want to convey?
Microbicides Summary
Microbicides are
products being
developed and tested for
use in the vagina or
rectum to reduce the risk
of HIV transmission
during vaginal and anal
sex.
Questions?
Prevention Tools Activity
In this activity, you
will think about all
of the different HIV
prevention tools
you have learned
about.
■ You will receive a card with one of the
tools from the HIV combination
prevention toolbox.
■ Follow the instructions in the Participant
Guide to complete the activity.
Summary
HIV prevention research
is important to find safe
and effective approaches
to prevent the spread of
HIV. These approaches
can include:
■ Promoting awareness,
understanding, and
dialogue
■ Supporting research
■ Developing new
prevention technologies
CONCLUSION
This project was supported through Federal funds from the Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and
Human Services Grant # UM01 AI068614: “Leadership Group for a Global HIV Vaccine Clinical
Trials (Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination).”
Conclusion
■ You have now completed the
workshop about HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus) prevention
research tools.
■ These important research tools are
designed to find safe and effective
methods to prevent HIV and AIDS
(Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome).
■ Preventing HIV is our best hope for
stopping the AIDS epidemic.
What Is HIV Prevention and the HIV Combination
Prevention Toolbox?
Different HIV prevention approaches need to be tested to find
out what works best. Identifying and offering more options will
allow people to determine which options fit their lifestyle, their
needs, and the needs of their family and friends. Ongoing HIV
prevention research supports:
■ More HIV prevention options
■ More combination HIV prevention
options
■ More diverse research participants
to enlarge the understanding of
what works
What Are HIV Prevention Tools and How Are They
Used in HIV Prevention Research?
HIV prevention research is important to find
safe and effective approaches to prevent the
spread of HIV. These approaches can include:
■ Promoting awareness, understanding, and
dialogue
■ Supporting research
■ Developing new prevention technologies
What Are HIV Prevention Tools and How Are They
Used in HIV Prevention Research? continued
Three important medical
HIV prevention tools
are:
Microbicides
Preexposure
prophylaxis
(PrEP)
Vaccines
For More Information
For more information on HIV prevention research, visit:
■ AVAC http://www.avac.org/
■ Be The Generation http://www.bethegeneration.org/
■ HANC/Legacy https://www.hanc.info
■ HIV Prevention Trials Network http://www.hptn.org/
■ HIV Vaccines Trials Network http://www.hvtn.org/
■ Microbicide Trials Network http://www.mtnstopshiv.org/
Questions?...and
Thank You!