IMSN, LLC. Anti-Piracy Defense Course 2009 1 IMSN’s Anti-Piracy Defense Course Introductions & Backgrounds International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Rules of the classroom • • • • • Cell phones off or on vibrate Fire exits Lunch Restrooms Please try to keep movement in and out of the classroom to a minimum. • If you need to step out, please do it quietly International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Course Overview • This course is intended to provide the knowledge required for ships officers & crew to operate in piracy waters with a total understanding of: – Auditing and editing of the ship’s security plan measures – Piracy attacks, un-authorized access, breach of security – How to use proper training – Non lethal systems & tactics – Build awareness in the art of watch keeping and preparations – To keep the actors off of your ship International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Course Overview This course is NOT designed to make the student an anti-piracy expert or a combatant. It is meant to build awareness in the art of watch keeping and preparations International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Competencies to be Achieved • General knowledge of piracy and pirate attacks • International guidance, rules and best practice. • Be able to assess onboard risks, consequence & vulnerabilities. • Monitoring & controlling access underway, at anchor and in the berth • Methods of detection, deterrence & response to piracy attacks. • Setting up the ship for possible confrontation • Radar & Advanced CCTV watch in high impact areas • Vessel lockdown and crew accountability • Conducting anti piracy training & drills • Surviving a hostage situation and taking prisoners • Knowledge to amend the SSP International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED General Points • Safety takes precedence over security – Don’t endanger yourself or the ship – Defending the ship is pointless if you let it sink in the process • The Master remains the ultimate authority – Even if he defers to the security team • Everyone has an important role to play – Even with a security team, the officers and crew must play an active role International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Important Things to remember • THINK – The best weapon you have in your arsenal is the ability to adapt and think on your feet • Don’t panic • Control your fear and remember that: • “Fear creates hesitation, and hesitation will make your worst fear come true!” International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Threats & Patterns 9 Piracy: Yesterday & Today International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED What is Piracy? • Piracy dates back as far as the Roman Empire and has existed as long as maritime trade. • “Modern piracy is a violent, bloody, ruthless practice," Captain Jayant Abhyankar, Deputy Director of the IMB. • These actors are nothing more than criminals and IMSN will approach the issues in a law enforcement style. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED American History • In 1803, the Barbary Pirates held around 300 American sailors for ransom in modern day Libya • A small force of U.S. Marines and mercenaries, led by William Eaton, marched overland from Egypt to force the Barbary States to release all hostages without tribute • It was the first counter-terrorism mission by the United States • Today we still face the threat of piracy off the coasts of Africa International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Bureau (IMB) definition: Piracy is an act of boarding or attempting to board any ship with the apparent intent to commit theft or any other crime and with the apparent intent or capability to use force in furtherance of that act. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED United Nations definition of Piracy: Article 101 • Any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: • (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; • (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Global Piracy • Piracy can happen anywhere – Somalia; Gulf of Aden – Ivory Coast – North Africa – Straits of Gibraltar – Straits of Malacca – Caribbean – Lake Erie – Where else? Why? International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Stats and Facts Cont: • The maritime realm covers 139,768,200 square miles. • Most of this environment lies beyond the strict jurisdiction of any one state where there are no clear cut legal answers or authority! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Stats and Facts – 80% of World’s trade travels by water – 50% World’s trade value and 90% of general cargo is transported in containers – 75% of World’s trade pass through a handful of international straights and canals – 1/3 of the World’s trade and half its oil traverse the Straights of Malacca, Singapore, Somalia and the Red Sea. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Stats and Facts: • In 2009, there were 406 pirate attacks, up from 294 attacks in 2008. • Of those 406 attacks, 217 took place near Somalia. • In 2009, there had been 49 vessels hijacked and 1052 hostages taken. • At the end of the year, pirates held 12 vessels and 263 crew members. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Stats and Facts: • As a result of pirate attacks in 2009, 68 people were injured and 8 killed. • Guns were used in 240 attacks worldwide, up from 139 instances in 2008. • Near the end of the year, the IMB reported that over half of the piracy attacks (attempted or otherwise) worldwide go unreported. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Stats and Facts • The cost of piracy is estimated to be between $13 and $16 billion every year and could cost substantially more in coming years. • Average ransom payments in 2009 were between 3 and 4 million dollars. • Piracy attacks have not broken 400 since 2003. 2009 is the fourth year in a trend of increasing attacks. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Recent Trends in Piracy 21 Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment • Somali Pirates are using quasi-military attack scenarios – – – – Approaching from opposite directions Coordinating with GPS/Satellite phones Targeting “soft,” slow, and unprepared vessels RPG’s, dynamite, AK-47s (weapon of choice) International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Recent Trends: Piracy Today • Five to six years ago, when pirates attacked, they used machetes, knives and pistols. • Today they still use knives but now they carry AK-47s and RPGs International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment • Mother ships are usually the larger vessels hijacked by pirates. – It is important to know which ships have been hijacked. – Pirate mother ships could be identified by sight or with the AIS. • The small boats are deployed from “mother ships” at a rate of 25 knots plus. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment • Note that the mother ships are also used as a recon tool – For some time the pirates have been radioing each other about different vessels they see and try to board – most of the “Mother Ships” are not mother ships at all, they are scouts! – How can you use this in your favor • Do your best to look like a hard target so would-be attackers will avoid your ship • Use the radio to announce that your ship is prepared International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Modern Pirates • Pirates are generally poor, turning to crime as their only means of income. • Some pirates are as young as teenagers or younger – Even a 10-year-old boy can kill you if he has an AK-47 • The first pirate onboard a ship gets the most money – This is their only source of income and they are highly motivated International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Modern Pirates • Somali pirates are likely to want you alive for the ransom money – They are still shooting at you, even a stray round can kill you! • Pirates in the Straits of Malacca or Nigeria will kill you without a second thought and take your ship! • Pirates could be intoxicated or on drugs • Never assume you are safe! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Modern Pirates • Many African pirates are known to use Khat (qat, qaat, jaad, chad) • Khat is a stimulant similar to ecstasy –it is chewed and absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach • Khat is chewed as a pick me up for farmers or workers because it will suppress appetite • It is very accessible in many African and Middle Eastern countries – even to children International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Modern Pirates • Khat can cause euphoria, hyperactivity, hallucinations, appetite loss, and increased heart rate and blood pressure • They will be less likely to break down mentally under stress • An individual on Khat will be harder to incapacitate International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Modern Pirates • Haiti and other Caribbean countries are known to have severe rates of marijuana use • Dominican Republic is known to have high rates of amphetamine use • The same rules apply – A person in an altered state will be much harder to incapacitate International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Is Piracy Terrorism? • Majority of experts claim that piracy is not terrorism. • “There is no worthwhile evidence, despite the speculation, of any cooperation between pirates and insurgent/terrorists,” a 2007 article for the Naval War College Review.” International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy and Terrorism • However is it possible that terrorists could use piracy as a tool, somewhat like Sept 11th? – Both crimes involve non-state actors, both aim at civilians, and both involve acts of homicide and destruction. • Groups like Al-Qaeda and Al-Shabab in Somalia could easily start using piracy to further their goals International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy and Terrorism • There is a growing suspicion of financial partnerships between Somali pirates and Islamic terrorist movements within Somalia, not only as pirates, but as smuggling operatives as well. • Dirty bomb material could be smuggled through Somalia into Venezuela or Colombia. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots: Somalia/ Gulf of Aden International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots: Somalia International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots: Somalia Left: Abshir Boyah Right: The town of EYL a main pirate base International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Somali Fast Boats International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hot Spots: Nigeria International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hot Spots: Nigeria • Nigeria was in 6th largest oil exporter in the world in mid-2009. • Nigeria has seen an increase in piracy due to sectarian violence and resentment towards oil companies. • In 2009, there were 29 attacks with at least 30 unreported • The Port of Lagos was the second most dangerous in the world in 2009. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hot spots: Nigeria • Pirates in Nigeria have shown little regard for the well-being of crews and may be the most dangerous piracy hotspot in the world at this time. • Ships have received little assistance from the Nigerian navy (Nigeria actually maintains the strongest Navy in the region). International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hot spots: South East Asia • Indonesia, Malaysia, South China Sea, etc • The region remains extremely dangerous even though the volume of attacks has fallen. • Over half of the attacks in the region have not been reported. Why? International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hot Spots: South East Asia • In the last 3 years the Indonesian Navy has made significant gains in reducing piracy. • They have: – – – – – Increased the Navy’s forces Increased cooperation with neighbors Kept better Intel Better training They most recently beat down and defeated the “Tamil Tigers” International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots: Strait of Malacca, Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED There are three types of tactics used by pirates in the Malaccan straits. • The first type operate in small fast boats and only attack easy targets, robbing the ship and crew of money and valuables. • The second is much more organized, using weapons and careful planning to hijack a ship and hold the crew for ransom while stealing large amounts of cargo. This type requires organization and funding. • The third type is also organized and funded but makes a political statement along with the demand for ransom. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The fight against piracy in the straits International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Piracy Hotspots: Latin America • Attacks in Central and South America more than doubled in 2009 with 37 attacks compared to 14 in 2008. • Peru had the third most dangerous port in the world in 2009 • Most piracy incidents in South America involve robbery with knives or swords International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED IMSN Regional Assessment • See Handout 1 International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED End Part 1 Questions? 10 minute break International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Maritime Laws & Conventions 53 Relevant Codes • International Maritime Organization • Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) • International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code • Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) Convention • 33 CFR (US) • Why are they so important to you and how can they help you fight piracy attacks International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Coast Guard Directive 104-6 • The main reason we are here! • Requires Anti-Piracy measures to be included in the Ship Security Plan • Evasive maneuvers, cooperation with coalition forces, etc • Also specifies hardening the ship against unauthorized boarding International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Law • International Maritime Organization (IMO) – IMO stance at this time is no guns on ships • Why? – Legal issues • Captain’s authority • Training • Storage of weapons • What happens to you and the ship if you shoot someone • Other countries laws that will not allow weapons • What court will you be tried in? International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED United States Maritime Law • The U.S. Coast Guard allows weapons on board a ship under the personal use exemption in Port Security Advisory 4-09 (Rev. 1) • The United States also affirms mariners’ right to self defense in Port Security Advisory 3-09 International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) • The SOLAS Convention – Regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. – SOLAS amendments for security already in place – Ship’s Security Plan now must have upgraded Anti-Piracy measures in place. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED (SOLAS): Chapter XI-2 • Entered into force July 1, 2004 • Regulation XI-2/3: enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code). – Security / MARSEC Levels • These are set by the contracting governments • Enhanced measures can be put in place by the Captain of the vessel International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED (SOLAS): Chapter XI-2 • Regulation XI-2/8: confirms the role of the Master in exercising his professional judgment over decisions necessary to maintain the security of the ship. It says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED (SOLAS): Chapter XI-2 (continued) • Regulation XI-2/5: requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system, fitted by 2006. – Ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent authority designated by the Administration, identifying the ship, its location and indicating that the security of the ship is under threat or it has been compromised. – Capable of being activated from nav. bridge and one other location. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ISPS Code: Relevant Definitions • Ship security plan: A plan developed to ensure the application of measures on board the ship, designed to protect persons on board, cargo, cargo transport units, ship’s stores or the ship from the risks of a security incident. • Ship Security Officer: The person on board the ship, accountable to the master, designated by the Company as responsible for the security of the ship, including implementation and maintenance of the ship security plan, and for liaison with the company security officer and port facility security officers. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ISPS Code: Relevant Definitions • Company security officer: The person designated by the Company for ensuring that a ship security assessment is carried out; that a ship security plan is developed, submitted for approval, and thereafter implemented and maintained and for liaison with port facility security officers and the ship security officer. • If he or she is on shore they will be the first ones to send help in the event that you are captured. • Your company should have a plan in place for this and it should be drilled as well. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Other Reading • ISPS Code Part A (International) – Part B provides guidance on how to read Part A • 33 CFR (USA-specific) – Coast Guard NVICs provide guidance on compliance • MSC Circular 623 Rev 3. – Provides guidance on how to deal with pirate attacks or attempted attacks – Similar information is provided by this course • USCG Port Security Advisory 2-09 – Provides similar information on best practices during a piracy attack International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Questions? Let’s take 10 minutes International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Assessing Shipboard Risks and Identifying Vulnerabilities 66 Vessel Types • Tanker – Chemical Tanker – Oil Tanker – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tanker • Cargo ships – – – – General Cargo Container ship Bulk Carrier Roll-on-Roll-off (RORO) • Special Purpose International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Small Freighters are one of the most vulnerable vessels while in piracy waters International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Ultra Large Crude Carrier (loaded) International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Ultra Large Crude Carrier (unloaded) International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Bulk Carrier International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tanker International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Cargo Ship International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Panamax Freighter International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND LESSONS LEARNED • In 2009, the top three types of ships most attacked were: – Bulk Carrier (109) – Container (63) – General Cargo (53) International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND LESSONS LEARNED • Successful attacks illustrate the following common vulnerabilities – – – – Low Speed Low Freeboard Inadequate Planning & Procedures Visibly low state of alert or lack of evident selfprotective measures – When the ship looks as if it will respond slowly or not at all – Ship did not heed piracy warnings. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND LESSONS LEARNED • Frequency of attacks is lower during bad weather • Frequency of attacks is lower at night • Success of attacks is lower when the ship takes definitive action International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Somali Pirates boarding a vessel International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED How do they get on board the ship • Pirates use Grappling hooks and rope or sometimes ladders to gain access while a ship is underway (This is the typical tool that they use) – By coming at the ship from 4 points it makes it easy for them and hard for you • At anchor - climbing the anchor chain • Along side - the lines can be used to gain access • A successful pirate attack may only take 15 minutes! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Methods to Detect, Deter and Defend against Piracy Attacks 81 SITREP • Coalition forces are operating near Somalia – Do not expect help every time or anytime, it is too big of an area for them to patrol completely – It doesn’t hurt to call for reinforcements though. • According to the World Peace Foundation, the combined maritime operations of NATO and allied forces disrupted 411 pirate operations of 706 encountered; delivered 269 pirates for prosecution. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Relevant Organizations • To report a piracy attack: – Call the IMB Piracy Reporting Center – Call the UKMTO Merchant Vessel Reporting Center • See Handouts 4 & 5 International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UK Royal Navy Maritime Trade Organization • Established in the Middle East as an extension of the Royal Navy • Home Office (UK) – – – – +971 50 552 3215 (CO) +971 50 552 6007 (2iC) Fax: +971 4 306 5710 Email: ukmto@aim.ae • RFA WAVEKNIGHT (operating near Somalia) – 0044 207 807 8657 – Email: 432-ops@a.dii.mod.uk International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UKMTO • IMB Recommends calling the UKMTO first! • Handout 4 – Contact Information – Reporting Format and Reference Codes International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Self Defense • The US Coast Guard authorizes the use of force in the defense of one’s self or others • Port Security Advisory 3-09 – Authorizes the use of force (including deadly force) in the event of imminent danger • Defines imminent danger as impending bodily harm or death • A pirate firing an AK-47 at you qualifies as imminent danger! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Common Defensive Methods • • • • Fire Hoses Use of dummies (fake sentries) Evasive Maneuvers Multilingual Signs stating: – High voltage defense – Bad water discharge – Security Forces on board • • • • • • • • Molotov Cocktails Razor wire LRAD Electrified hand rails Rat Guards Additives into the H2o defense system What else? What would you do? All of these are good ideas, USE ANY MEANS NECESSARY International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Anti Piracy Strategies • Keeping the crew & ship safe at all times – Provide a strong “Rally Point” which allows the crew to be out of harms way and still control the ship. – Good accountability of all crew members – Keeping the threat off the ship! • Know where you are and how quickly help can arrive – Communications – Enhanced watch • Active and passive Non-lethal deterrents • Correct Mindset International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defensive Mindset • A good mindset is the most important aspect of the system – Staring at a camera can be boring but remember, you are keeping yourself and your crew members safe – Everyone has a role to play – It only takes a lapse by one person to lose the ship – Become a hunter – Work out scenarios in your mind when on watch – Focus on your family and your fellow crew members International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The IMSN Defensive Plan • Make the vessel a hard target • Three layered security as the new SSP: The 3 D’s • “Detect” • “Deter” • “Defend” International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Monitoring and Control preparations • Key points on the ship that require control of access – – – – All low freeboard rails The poop deck Houser pipe The Pilot ladder (remember that the ladder can make a good thing to hook onto) – At anchor - security lock down measures • At the fringe of the hot zone, start running at MARSEC III measures International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Detection: Radar & Watch • Radar watch enhancement – – – – – Outer barrier Time set that fast moving vector will reach ship Time to bingo Time to rally point Time until coalition ships arrive • Communications – This should be done before entering the hot zone. – All bridge crew should know how to get the word out for coalition help – Remember that others are always listening in! – SSAS is to be activated International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Onboard Radar • Operation – Use onboard Automatic Radar Plotting Apparatus (ARPA) to set up grids with automatic acquisition • ARPA should already be onboard • Provides a vector based on true course and speed • Use in addition to the IMSN EYEON Radar – Set one radar at the 6-12 mile range and one to a 3 mile range International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Radar • There is a feature on the ARPA called after glow which is a quick way to see how a vessel is moving. – Puts a glow behind the target and it mimics a wake of a boat – A fast boat will have a longer glow (or wake) behind it. • Also you can set up an automatic acquisition area around the ship which will automatically tag any target which comes into the zone. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Radar issues • Sea clatter – Rough seas may blot out a small vessel on the radar – Fortunately Pirates tend to not like rough weather but never assume anything Problems/concerns/malfunctions etc – Small wooden boats are not good reflectors – Radar may need more time to sweep the set grids than you have with a fast mover – Technology can always break down International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Radar Issues • Radar can not show the intent of the small vessel, whereas the IMSN CCTV system can allow the posted watch to not only see the inbound vessel, but tell the difference between fishing gear and AK-47’s. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Detection: EyeOn CCTV • Watch enhancement & vigilance in the hot zone – EyeOn CCTV system • • • • Infrared High Definition Visual equipment High Definition pan/tilt/zoom Thermal imaging Recording for documentation purposes International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EYEON Systems CCTV International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Watch Keeping Techniques • Enhanced security patrols – Bow – Stern – Roving • No more than 4 hours per team • TEAM should mix up the duties between roving and post every 30 - 45 mins • CCTV & Radar – Technology can malfunction, your own eyes are the best watch keeping technique you have International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Watch Keeping Accountability • Make a roster for watch times • Report everything out-of-the-ordinary you see, no matter how insignificant – A small boat can either be a fisherman or a pirate in disguise • Keep a record of your watch – Even if it says “nothing to report” • Pass on a SITREP every time! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Detection & Deterrence: Watch keeping, Manning, and Duties • Planning, drills and extra training by the SSO • 3rd party due diligence training by onboard security teams • Enhanced deck patrols • Use of a Bow and Stern watch • Use of dummies (i.e. scarecrow strategy) • Lighting (Any rail lights or search type lighting) • Communications for the watch • Onboard security teams • Use of ship’s PA system for hailing & auditable sounds to create confusion to the pirates • Fortification of the ship International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Deterrence • Evasive ship maneuvers • Visible defenses – Triton Shield Wall-of-Water device • Visible lockdown procedures – Accountability of every crew member inside the safe house. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Deterrence: The Triton Shield Device International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Deterrence: Security Measures • Enhance vessel security plan to include “AntiPiracy Measures” • Identify new lockdown rules in the plan – The ship must be totally impenetrable from the outside – One way in and one way out – Set times to RP International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Deterrence: Security Measures • IMSN’s base Anti-Piracy plan calls for the bridge to be the rally point in the event of an attack • At “Bingo Time” all crew members should be heading for the RP and be accounted for in the fortified safe room • When Radar & CCTV watch calls “Danger close” This will mean that the pirates have made it close to along side. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defense: Lockdown and Secure RP • Defenshield will provide armor to make the bridge a security shelter – Armored glass panes to stop AK-47 rounds – Screens to stop RPG rounds • Clip-on armor and mobile fighting positions are also available for other areas on the ship • Ballistic blankets to black out the bridge so pirates can’t see you! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defenshield International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defenshield Overview International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defense: Security Team • Security Element Splits Crew into 2 TEAMS with 1 OVERWATCH position • OUTSIDE (Bravo Team) • This team will hands on check to see that the ship is locked from out side • They will also see that the TRITON SHIELD is running correctly • This TEAM will E&E to the starboard bridge wing and lock in with the rest of the crew in safe house • Remember the follow two things: – Make sure that you have been accounted for to the bridge command – Once inside the safe house if there is gun fire, stay low and out of the way of the security teams International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defense: Security Team • INSIDE (Alpha Team) • This team will lock down the internal doors and create a trap for the pirates sucking them into the last line of defense • Team will E&E to the interior stair well leading to the bridge where they meet up with the rest of the crew in the safe house • A sniper OVERWATCH will take the high ground and provide the eye in the sky. This operator will be the last person inside RP International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Security Team International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Detect, Deter, Defend Secure RP Control Accountability Visible Watchkeeping Visible Lock-down Drill Visible Defenses Physical Deterrents Cameras Radar Enhanced Watchkeeping Communications International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defend Deter Detect Questions? Let’s take 10 minutes International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Conducting AntiPiracy: Training, Drills, and Contingency Planning 116 Our Drill Scenario We will run this just like fire or abandon-ship drills, remember that the best drills are remembered if the “KISS SYSTEM” is in place Always hold a debriefing session immediately after each drill to gather input and lesson learned. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: Assignments • Step 1 – Break the ship’s crew into 2 different groups • Persons with duties (who will conduct the lock down) – A TEAM (Inside crew lock down) – B TEAM (Outside lock down and Triton Shield Device setup) • Person with no duties (Moves directly to RP) – Set muster points for all teams • Persons without duties will go directly to the RP – Run the ship in MARSEC Level III International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: Standard Procedures • Step 2 – Crew will be assigned enhanced security watch – Bow and Stern Watches will be in place, keeping the personnel in a safe, efficient schedule – Personnel will be on roving patrol – Anti-Piracy system and measures will be prepared and ready for use International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: Attack Imminent • Step 3 – The camera system or a watchmen detects a suspicious craft moving toward the ship – Warning horn will sound (5 five sec blasts) – Bridge command will report on PA and on radio direction that the incoming vessel is on, and also “BINGO TIME” – All teams will meet at their muster point and begin the drill International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Crew Response, Movement, Muster • Everyone must know their team and their RP • YOU KNOW YOUR SHIP – give input when plans are made to help ensure an efficient and complete lock down • Assign someone to be responsible for the crew RP accountability – This is a key point. If captain has all his men Pirates are empty handed! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: Attack Imminent – A TEAM will meet up and start the internal lock down • TEAM Leader must have a good accountability of his team at this point • Remember that you are running at M-3, most doors will be locked – B TEAM will double check all external doors by hand and all external hatches • TEAM Leader must have a good accountability of his team at this point • Your running at M-3, but DO NOT assume that all doors are locked International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: Rally Point • Step 4 – Starboard side bridge wing will be the only outside entrance to the bridge (RP) – After all teams are inside the bridge B TEAM security leader will secure that door – Comms will be sent to all that can help – Ship will steam towards the coalition for help – Time will be called on the drill International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Drill: With Security Personnel • Each team will have a uniformed, security TEAM leader who will give out assignments – Call signs will be “Alpha Leader” and “Bravo Leader” • Crew members will still be in charge of locking doors, the security team will provide cover • Security elements will be on roving patrol • There will be a sniper on the bridge wing to observe and provide cover International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Sniper's Duties • Will be in the highest point on the ship, posted under Defenshield fighting position • Job – Eyes on perimeter – Give off 1st sign of a deterrent to the pirates – Give cover support to the TEAM members that are on outside moving to the RP – Repel any boarders that may breach the perimeter of the ship • “Eagle 1” will be the last man into the RP • Bridge watch reports any close-by vessels to “Eagle 1” and vice-versa International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED In Review: • Team members will lock down their preassigned doors and hatches while IMSN team leaders provide cover • One team member will keep the headcount and ensure accountability in the rally point • Persons without any other duties will proceed to the rally point immediately • The Captain will sound the alarm, alert the UKMTO, alert the IMB, alert the company, hit the SSAS, and initiate serpentine movements toward coalition forces International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Contingency Plans • Plan for as many things as possible to go wrong – Safe room needs: • • • • • • Fortification of the safe room Food & Water for 3 days (MREs) MED supplies for 27 people CCTV for the outside and the close quarters Head facilities Something to do or read • Every situation is different – What are some examples of contingency plans? • The key to a successful mission is the ability to think on your feet International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Considerations for Certain Ships • Two-house ships may require two rally points. • Some ships do not have automatic power plants. – IMSN may implement two rally points in this case. • The IMSN team will split up to guard both rally points. • Fortifications and cameras will be implemented on a ship-by-ship basis. • IMSN will fully adjust the drill as is necessary. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defensive Tactics Seminar • Useful tactics such as breaks, holds, handcuffing and other security procedures • IMSN’s policy is that crew members should not engage pirates directly – Always have help and always let someone know where you are International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Defensive Tactics International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Weapons Familiarization Seminar • Familiarization with operation, break-down and safe handling of firearms • IMSN’s policy is that crew members should not carry firearms individually are engage pirates in firefights – Familiarization helps with threat recognition and can also prevent accidents if a crew member finds, picks up, or otherwise handles a weapon International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Questions? Let’s take 10 minutes International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED What do I do if? Good procedures to follow if… 136 …If You are Taken Hostage International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Pirate Hostages: Then and Now International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Pirate Hostages: Then and Now International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Keith Stansell International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hostage Considerations • First steps – Run away if you can; stay calm if you can't. – According to security experts, your best chance for escape is almost always during the initial phases of the hijacking. • How to act – once you're in your captor's custody, remain courteous and comply with instructions. Don't get hostile or lose your temper: Aggression is only likely to result in punishment. – become a "gray person“ neither resistant nor overly be submissive. That way, terrorists are less inclined to single you out for punishment. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hostage Considerations • Try to get the hostage taker to see your worth – You have a family – You work hard for a living too – You might have a medical condition that could render you very ill or dead. How much money can they get then? International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hostage Considerations • It's important to remember that people are working to get you released. • The feeling of hopelessness works completely against you. • Try to stay positive and help keep others in the same frame of mind. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Hostage Considerations • Plans should be in place at your home port for an event like this • Are these plans in place? • Ask questions of your Master, CSO and your union. • GET ANSWERS! International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Dealing with rescuers as a hostage • Don’t be surprised if you are treated like a bad guy – Get to the deck as fast as you can – Follow the commands that are given • Do not approach the rescuer in a fast or excited motions that may be taken as a hostile action International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED …You Take Prisoners International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Proper handling of prisoners • Remember the essentials to life – – – – Food, Water, Shelter Exercise (Controlled) Bathroom (Doesn’t have to be private) Remove emotions and add duty • Treat a captured pirate the same way you would treat a stowaway International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Proper handling of prisoners • Fourth Geneva Convention Part III – Relevant guidance on humane prisoner treatment – You are not necessarily bound by Geneva Conventions but they provide helpful standards • Don’t put yourself or your company in a bad position by mistreating a prisoner International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Holding Prisoners • Prisoners should be kept in the brig – Follow standard procedure – Make sure there is nothing in the room to use as a weapon • Prisoners should be strip-searched – You should return clothes and personal effects to them • Prisoners should be properly bound – Remember that your safety and theirs relies on subdued hands and feet International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Holding Prisoners • Prisoner movement – Be sure that you’re truly in control of the actor • Handcuff prisoners through bars or cracked door – Do not enter the brig with them • Prisoners should be guarded – Divide watch times between the crew • Prisoners should be split up – Guarding multiple prisoners will be an IMSN problem International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reporting and Transfer • Call the UKMTO and report the situation – They will be able to put you in touch with the proper authorities or coalition forces – Start a report ASAP as you will rapidly forget important parts. • All crew involved should be allowed to sit alone to re-cap the events. • Sometimes adding 3 reports together makes the best total picture International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED …Someone gets hit. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED …Someone gets Hit • Remember the first rule…THINK! – Is the scene safe to poke you head out ? • Your 1st Aid training in regards to safe handling of blood, may not be time efficient in some cases • Stay Calm – Stick to your own tasks unless otherwise directed. – Make sure the doors are locked and get to the safe room. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED …Someone gets Hit • IMSN team members will direct you in the event of a casualty. • You may have to make hard decisions – Don’t let fear get the better of you but don’t try to be a hero either. – Other people are still counting on you to do your job. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED In conclusion PLEASE REMEMBER • Pirates: – Appear to be well armed, but truly have old and outdated weapons and equipment – Might outnumber you – THINK that they have the element of surprise – Don’t realize that you are ready for them • The Mariner: – – – – – The ability to look like and be a hard target REALLY have the element of surprise The great advantage of fighting from the higher ground The ability to fall back to a secure position The ability, through training and drills, to control the fear that the pirates want to put on you International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Thoughts • Never assume you won’t be attacked, plan on fending off pirates anywhere, anytime. • Rely on your team to be prepared and rely on yourself. • When we excel in defense, it is because the enemy can not decide how to attack. – If they have to re-think their plans, pirates tend to call off their attack. International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Thank you for your time and service “Remember that you’re not captured or dead until YOU SAY SO!” “Don’t give up the ship!” International Maritime Security Network, LLC © 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED