Future Grids
Mihir Chitnis,
Shibu Daniel,
& Casey Rathbone
Rochester Institute of Technology
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
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What is grid computing?
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Grid Computing
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02/18/09
A coordinated collection of computers,
capable of orchestrated data analysis.
Can be a loosely coupled,
heterogeneous, geographically dispersed
network or can be a huge warehouse
filled with rack mounted servers all built
with the same components
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
What is cloud computing?
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is the ability to dynamically
acquire resources on demand to complete the
process.
• This is similar to the On-Demand program
with digital cable. When you request to see a
specific show (Issue a command) it
automatically starts streaming that show to
your television (Acquires resources to
complete the process).
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Future of Grid & Cloud
Computing
• Third party computing and storage utilities (Virtual
Machines) - Foster, McCarthy (circa, 1960)
– Reduce cost of computing
– Increase reliability
– Increase flexibility from locally operated machines to third
party
• Access to grids via a credit card
• It appears that the future computing will be more like
a energy commodity (gas, electric, etc.)
• Groud?
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Current Grid Security (Globus
Toolkit)
•Authentication
•GSI in Globus Toolkit uses PKI. (verifiable certificate
issued)
•Authorization
•Each individual needs to be explicitly authorized
•Accounting
•Information about resource usage
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Future of Grid Security
• OpenID for authentication
– It provides a digital identity which can be authenticated.
– Get rid of multiple username/passwords
– Achieve a single sign on
• Authorization
– Security tokens (username/password or X.509)
– These tokens are sent as part of a SOAP message to verify
authorized users
– CAs manage digital certificates
– X.509 extensions for impersonation certificates in Globus
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Security Tokens
Image Source : http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0.pdf
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Unsigned Security Tokens
Source: http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile1.0.pdf
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Signed Security Tokens
Source: http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile1.0.pdf
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
E-Waste
Source : Epa.gov
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Green IT
"optimal use of information and communication
technology (ICT) for managing the environmental
sustainability of enterprise operations and the
supply chain, as well as that of its products,
services, and resources, throughout their life
cycles."
-Simon Mingay
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Action Taken
• Green Grid : is a nonprofit consortium comprising
several high-tech companies that work to find energyefficient solutions for powering and cooling data
centers.
• AMDs quad-core processors now use as much power
as its dual-core counterparts
• Intel working on removing isopropyl alcohol in the
chip manufacturing process
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Action Taken
• Apple recycled 13mn lbs. of e-waste in 2006
• HP 250 mn lbs. of e-waste in 2007 (50% increase
YoY)
• Microsoft Windows Vista has power management
features turned on by default
• Dell and other vendors created PCs that consume
less that 5 watt in low-power mode
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
Green IT
Statistics* :
– Data center energy use doubled between 2000 and 2006.
And by 2012, it's expected to double again.
– For many industries, data centers are one of the largest
sources of greenhouse gas emissions.
– Between now and 2010, U.S. demand for data center
energy will require the equivalent of 10 new power plants.
• Green Grid's Data Center 2.0 offers ways to minimize
energy use for both old and new data centers
*source http://uptimeinstitute.org/content/view/168/57
02/18/09
Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
References
http://www.lesc.ic.ac.uk/admin/security.html
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms951273.aspx
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/wssecurity.html
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2008/id200
80211_204672.htm
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,s
id80_gci1312412,00.html
http://ianfoster.typepad.com/blog/2008/01/theres-grid-in.html
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Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu
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