Future of Grids
Mihir Chitnis,
Shibu Daniel, and
Casey Rathbone
What is grid computing?
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Grid Computing


A coordinated collection of computers,
capable of orchestrated data analysis.
Can be a loosely coupled, heterogeneous,
geographically dispersed network or can be a
huge warehouse filled with rack mounted
servers all built with the same components
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What is cloud computing?
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Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is the ability to dynamically
acquire resources on demand to complete the
process.
• This is similar to the On-Demand program with
digital cable. When you request to see a specific
show (Issue a command) it automatically starts
streaming that show to your television (Acquires
resources to complete the process).
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Future of Grid & Cloud Computing
• Third party computing and storage utilities (Virtual
Machines) - Foster, McCarthy (circa, 1960)
– Reduce cost of computing
– Increase reliability
– Increase flexibility from locally operated machines to third party
• Access to grids via a credit card
• It appears that the future computing will be more like a
energy commodity (gas, electric, etc.)
• Groud?
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Current Grid Security (Globus
Toolkit)
•Authentication
•GSI in Globus Toolkit uses PKI. (verifiable certificate
issued)
•Authorization
•Each individual needs to be explicitly authorized
•Accounting
•Information about resource usage
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Future of Grid Security
• OpenID for authentication
– It provides a digital identity which can be authenticated.
– Get rid of multiple username/passwords
– Achieve a single sign on
• Authorization
– Security tokens (username/password or X.509)
– These tokens are sent as part of a SOAP message to verify
authorized users
– CAs manage digital certificates
– X.509 extensions for impersonation certificates in Globus
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Security Tokens
Image Source : http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soapmessage-security-1.0.pdf
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Unsigned Security Tokens
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Signed Security Tokens
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E-Waste
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Green IT
"optimal use of information and communication
technology (ICT) for managing the environmental
sustainability of enterprise operations and the
supply chain, as well as that of its products,
services, and resources, throughout their life
cycles."
-Simon Mingay
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Action Taken
• Green Grid : is a nonprofit consortium comprising several
high-tech companies that work to find energy-efficient
solutions for powering and cooling data centers.
• AMDs quad-core processors now use as much power as its
dual-core counterparts
• Intel working on removing isopropyl alcohol in the chip
manufacturing process
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Action Taken
• Apple recycled 13mn lbs. of e-waste in 2006
• HP 250 mn lbs. of e-waste in 2007 (50% increase YoY)
• Microsoft Windows Vista has power management features
turned on by default
• Dell and other vendors created PCs that consume less that
5 watt in low-power mode
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Green IT
Statistics* :
– Data center energy use doubled between 2000 and 2006. And by 2012,
it's expected to double again.
– For many industries, data centers are one of the largest sources of
greenhouse gas emissions.
– Between now and 2010, U.S. demand for data center energy will
require the equivalent of 10 new power plants.
• Green Grid's Data Center 2.0 offers ways to minimize energy
use for both old and new data centers
*source http://uptimeinstitute.org/content/view/168/57
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References
http://www.lesc.ic.ac.uk/admin/security.html
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms951273.aspx
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/wssecurity.html
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2008/id200
80211_204672.htm
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,s
id80_gci1312412,00.html
http://ianfoster.typepad.com/blog/2008/01/theres-grid-in.html
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