GENDER RESPONSIVE BUDGET
IN MALAYSIA
13 JUNE 2012
HARJEET SINGH
harjeet@kpwkm.gov.my
Deputy Secretary-General (Strategic)
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development,
MALAYSIA
1
6TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(1991-1995)
SPECIAL CHAPTER:
WOMEN IN
DEVELOPMENT
“Government commitment towards increasing the effective
involvement of women in overall national development. As women
constitute a vital economic resource, the government’s goal is,
therefore, to integrate women as equal partners in nation building”
Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad
4th Malaysia Prime Minister
10TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2011-2015)
FOSTERING PROGRESSIVE AND
INCLUSIVE SOCIETY
Women are the basis of a happy
family and essence of a successful
nation.
Measures to be taken to increase
women's participation at all levels,
including decision makers and
entrepreneurship.
3
10TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2011-2015)
Related existing laws and regulations will
be reviewed to create a more conducive
environment
to
encourage
more
participation of women in the labour
force.
Private
sector
to
increase
the
representation of women, particularly in
senior positions such as chief executive
officer and members of the board of
directors.
4
10TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2011-2015)
Key Programmes
To increase women involvement
in the labour force
To increase women participation
at the decision making level
To increase allocation to support
women with low income and
those who are single mother
To eliminate all discrimination
against women
5
10TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2011-2015)
• In 2011, the female labour force
participation rate is 47.9% compared
to men which is 79.8%.
• National target is to increase the
female labour force participation rate
to 55% in 2015.
6
GENDER RESPONSIVE
BUDGET
7
BACKGROUND
2001
Introductory workshops were
organised by the Ministry of
Women
and
Family
Development
8
BACKGROUND
November
2002
4 ministries were selected
A working group was formed
An international gender expert
and two local consultants were
appointed
March
2004
Ministry of Higher Education
became part of the pilot ministries
9
Human
Resources
Education
PILOT
MINISTRIES
Higher
Education
Health
Rural
Development
10
INITIATIVES TAKEN
Trainings:
July 2003
Workshop for officers of pilot
ministries and central agencies
January &
August 2004
Hands-on workshops
December
2004
Training for Budget Review
Officers
June 2005
Training of trainers
July 2007
July 2008
Nov 2008
Apr 2009
Trainings by National Institute
for Public Administration
(INTAN)
11
INITIATIVES TAKEN
12
INITIATIVES TAKEN
TREASURY CALL CIRCULAR NO. 10 YEAR 2004
& CIRCULAR NO. 2 YEAR 2007
A directive to the pilot ministries to implement gender
budgeting for selected programmes for the operating
budget for the years 2006 and 2007.
 TREASURY CALL CIRCULAR
NO. 2 YEAR 2009
Other ministries are encouraged to implement
gender budgeting.
13
Paragraph 21
TREASURY CIRCULAR No. 2/2007
Controlling officers of the pilot ministries are
mandated to use gender budget analysis in
preparing their budget submissions;
Other ministries are encouraged to do so;
Gender issues could be incorporated in the
Objective, Needs/policy analysis, Clients, Functions
and Programme evaluation plan; and
Output specification and Impact indicators should
based on sex-disaggregated data wherever possible.
14
Paragraph 34
TREASURY CIRCULAR No. 3/2012
• To
ensure the continuation of the
implementation of gender equality in national
budget system, all the ministries and
agencies must ensure gender-based needs
have been taken account of the planning
process.
15
BUDGET CYCLE
FEDERAL TREASURY
(BUDGET MANAGEMENT DIVISION)
NOVEMBER
Determination of ET by
Treasury
JANUARY
Call Circular
for New Year
Estimates
MARCH
Receive submissions
and BRO makes
Individual Study
Agencies
prepare
and Submit New
Year Estimates
MAY-JULY
Budget
examination
APRIL
Preliminary
Analysis
JULY - AUGUST
Approval of New Year
Estimates by the Minister of
Finance and Cabinet
SEPTEMBER
Budget Document
Printed and submitted
to Parliament
Disbursement/Reporting
by Accountant General
Budget Execution
by Agencies
SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER
Parliament Debates and
Approves New Year Budget
END OF DECEMBER
Minister of Finance issues
16 Warrant of Expenditure
Categories of Expenditure Approach
1
Targeted gender-based expenditures of
government agencies
2
Equal employment expenditure on
government employers
3
General (mainstreaming) budget
expenditure judged on its impact on
women and men, girls and boys.
17
Five-step approach of
gender budget analysis
1
Describe the situation of men and
women, boys and girls in the sector
(Needs analysis/ Clients)
2
Asses the policy, programmes, and
projects in terms of their gender
sensitivity (Policy/Programme)
3
Asses whether adequate financial and
other resources are allocated to
implement the gender sensitive policy
effectively (Input)
18
Programme Agreement
(ABM-2)
Programme
Agreement
An agreement between the
agency and the Ministry of
Finance on the input to be
used, expected output and
the impact of each planned
activity.
19
FORMAT ABM-2
Supply Head
Agency
Programme
Activity
Code
Source of
Authority
Items could
incorporate
gender issues
 Objective
 Needs Analysis /
Policy
 Clients
20
FORMAT ABM-2
 Functions
Sources
Items could
incorporate
gender issues
 Output
specification
 Impact indicators
 Programme
evaluation plan
21
Five-step approach of
gender budget analysis
1
Describe the situation of men and
women, boys and girls in the sector
(Needs analysis/ Clients)
2
Asses the policy, programmes, and
projects in terms of their gender
sensitivity (Policy/Programme)
3
Asses whether adequate financial and
other resources are allocated to
implement the gender sensitive policy
effectively (Input)
22
Five-step approach of
gender budget analysis
4
Monitor whether the expenditure
allocated in Step 3 is spent as planned
(Output)
5
Assess whether the policy, together with
the associated expenditure, has
promoted gender equity as intended,
and changed the situation described in
Step 1 (Impact/Result)
23
PROGRAMME AGREEMENT
Stage 1-Preparation of
Programme Agreement
G
Objective
E
N
D
E
Stage 2-Implementation of
Programme Agreement
Implement
Budget Approval
activities
Clients
Needs Analysis/Policy
Clients problems
Measuring
&Monitoring
R
Function
Alternative policy
I
S
S
U
E
S
Output Specification
Strategy
Performance
Report
Impact Indicators
Programme
evaluation plan
Continuous
Improvement
Programme
Evaluation
24
PILOT MINISTRIES AND SELECTED
PROGRAMMES
MINISTRY
MOE
MOHE
MOH
OPERATING BUDGET
Primary education
Selected universities
Orthopedic
Family health development
MOHR
Manpower Department
MRRD
Community development
Child development
25
MINISTRIES WHICH INCORPORATED
GENDER PERSPECTIVES
MINISTRY
JHEOA
MOHR
MOH
ITEM (S)
Activity 4: Education and Mindset
Development
Ministry’s objective
Activity 2: Family health
development
26
GENDER SENSITIVE NATIONAL
POLICY AND NATIONAL
ECONOMY PLAN
27
GENDER EQUALITY INTERVENTION
Gender Equality Intervention
National Budget 2012
RM 50 million has allocated for HPV vaccination for
catch-up group.
RM700 million to build Hospital for women and
children
RM 10 million has been allocated to conduct
training programmes to attract women professional
back to labour force and to increase women in
decision-making in the corporate sector.
28
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
PROGRAMME
Gender perspective has been incorporated
into national economy plan, Economic
Transformation Programme.
Leveraging Women’s Talent To Increase
Productivity is one of the themes under
the Human Capital Development Strategic
Initiatives Reforms.
29
PRO POOR GROWTH
programme for the elimination of poverty has a
specific target to increase income of poor women
household.
Programme 1 Azam – 4,000 women entrepreneurs by
2012 .
RM300 million has been allocated to Tabung
Ekonomi Kumpulan Usaha Niaga (TEKUN) and
RM2.1 million has been allocated to Tabung
Keusahawanan Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia for
entrepreneurs especially women to be involved in
entrepreneurial activities and explore new economy
activities.
30
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
Annual budget by
the ministries
• Programme for
Pro Poor Growth –
1 Azam
National Budget –
gender equality
intervention
Incorporation of
gender
perspective in
Economic
Transformation
Programme
31
CHALLENGES
32
CHALLENGES
Lack of emphasis on the implementation of
gender budgeting
Role of BROs in the implementation of gender
budget analysis
33
CHALLENGES
Lack of Monitoring
Lack of understanding of gender concept
and issues
Lack of sex disaggregated data
Lack of expertise
34
CHALLENGES
• Gender equality must be one of the
national agenda.
• With gender equality is one of the
national agenda, the national budget
must take account of gender
perspective and issues.
• Each component of the cycle of public
sector management system must be
gender sensitive.
35
CHALLENGES
• The challenge now is monitoring and
evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of
the government expenditure as well as to
assess the impact of government
expenditure on people.
• Sex disaggregated data plays an important
role in monitoring and evaluation.
• Lack of understanding the importance of
sex disaggregated data and lack of gender
analysis skills among the policy makers.
36
SEX DISAGGREGATED DATA
• Effort to collect and collate sex-disaggregated
data in order to identify specific gender issues
that affect women and men differently
• 2008: Directive by Chief Secretary to all
Government agencies to produce sexdisaggregated data
• Treasury Call Circular No. 2 Year 2011 :
Government agencies to produce sexdisaggregated data for preparation of annual
budget
GENDER FOCAL POINT (GFP)
 42 GFPs have been appointed among Deputy
Secretary General and Deputy Director
General of all ministries and agencies.
 Roles of GFP:
 to assist the Government in the
implementation of gender mainstreaming
initiatives; and
 to ensure policies and legislation or
programmes implemented take into
account the gender perspective.
38
THE WAY FORWARD
• Ministry of Finance
o Issuance of specific Treasury
Circular on gender budgeting
o Emphasise on gender budget
analysis during the budget
examination
o Monitor the implementation of
Gender Budgeting in accordance
with the Circular
39
THE WAY FORWARD…con’t
• Ministries/Agencies
o Obligate relevant officers to attend
courses on gender budgeting
organised by INTAN
• INTAN
o To develop a pool of trainers (officers
from various ministries / agencies to
act as resource persons
40
THE WAY FORWARD…con’t
• MWFCD
o Intensify training
Ministry of Women, Family
and Community
Development
on gender
sensitisation to
officers in the
public sector
41
THE WAY FORWARD…con’t
• Malaysia is moving towards the
implementation of outcome-based
budgeting (OBB).
• MWFCD is cooperating with MOF to
include GRB in OBB as:
o Both are people oriented budgeting
system which based on the needs
identified; and
o Both are result-based management.
42
THE WAY FORWARD…con’t
• May 2012: Discussions held between
MWFCD and MOF
o both have common view that GRB
can be included in OBB.
o Each component of OBB from the
needs
of
clients/stakeholders,
strategies, output and outcome
must be gender responsive.
43
THANK YOU
44