Chapter 11 Review:
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What is local signaling?
What is long distance signaling?
What are the types of local signaling?
What are the types of long distance signaling?
What are hormones?
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
What takes place during reception?
What takes place during transduction?
What is a signal transduction pathway?
What take place during a response?
What is a ligand?
What are the tree types of cell surface transmembrane receptors?
How do G protein-coupled receptors work?
How do Receptor tyrosine kinases work?
How to ion channel receptors work?
What is phosphorylation/dephosphorylation?
What is a protein kinase?
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
What are protein phosphatases?
What are second messengers? What are some of the types of second messengers?
What is cyclic AMP?
How do calcium ions and IP₃ act as second messengers?
What is the difference between nuclear and cytoplasmic responses?
What are the four steps in which a response is regulated?
What is signal amplification?
Why is cell specificity important?
What are scaffolding proteins? How do they work?
How are signals terminated?
What happens if signals cannot be “turned off”?
Chapter 12 Review:
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What is cell division?
What is the cell cycle?
What is a genome?
What is a chromosome?
What is chromatin?
What is a somatic cell?
What are gametes?
What are sister chromatids?
What is a centromere?
What is mitosis?
What are the two phases of the cell cycle?
What are the sub phases of interphase?
What are the five stages of mitosis? (have an idea of what occurs during each stage)
What is cytokinesis? What types of cells does cytokinesis occur in?
What is an aster?
What is a kinetochore?
What is the metaphase plate?
When does the process of cleavage take place?
What is a cleavage furrow?
What is a cell plate?
What is binary fission? What types of cells does this process take place in?
What is the cell cycle control system?
What is a checkpoint? Why is it important?
What is a cyclin? What is a cyclin-dependent kinase?
What happens at the G₀ phase?
What is density-dependent inhibition?
What is growth factor?
What is the process of transformation? Why is it important?
What is a benign tumor?
What is a malignant tumor?
What is metastasis?
Chapter 13 Review:
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What is heredity?
What is variation?
What is genetics?
What are genes?
What is the difference between gametes and somatic cells?
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
What is a karyotype?
What are homologous chromosomes?
What are sex chromosomes? How many do humans have?
What are autosomes? How many do humans have?
What is a haploid cell?
What is a diploid cell?
What is the process of fertilization?
What is a zygote?
What is meiosis?
How many phases does meiosis have?
What stages occur during meiosis I?
What stages occur during meiosis II?
What is crossing over?
What are some of the differences between the process of meiosis and mitosis?
What are the three contributions of genetic variation?
What is independent assortment of chromosomes?
What is crossing over? How does it contribute to genetic variation?
What are recombinant chromosomes?
What is random fertilization? How does it contribute to genetic variation?