Main Idea: Bill Clinton was a new type of Democrat, and his administration faced challenges for a new millennium– and scandals as old as politics.
Bill Clinton’s Political Rise

Clinton was very successful as a politician, rising
 quickly in the Democratic Party

Politically he was known as a ____________________________________________: not as conservative as most
Republicans, not as liberal as many Democrats (also known as a centrist or moderate)

Ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992

Platform included a national health-care system and middle class tax cuts; campaign included his wife, Hillary
Rodham Clinton

Ran against _____________________________________________ as a defender of the middle class

His campaign, and the inclusion of 3 rd party candidate Ross Perot (who took Republican votes from Bush) led to
Clinton’s election even though he won less than 50% of the vote
Domestic Policy Issues
Deficit Reduction

Clinton was unable to fulfill his campaign promise to _______________________, citing budget deficits, instead, taxes went up

Republicans predicted that tax increases would harm the economy, but they were wrong

Through-out the 90s, the US experienced a time of prosperity with low _________________________________ and low interest rates
Health-care Reform

Health-care costs were rising and millions of Americans had no ________________________________________

Hillary Clinton headed a task force to study the problem and offer possible solutions

The major recommendation of the task force was government-sponsored healthcare

After months of debate, the plan was _____________________________
Domestic Policy Issues
1994 Elections

Defeat of the health-care plan reflected discontent with Clinton’s leadership

He failed to deliver on several campaign promises and the tax increases were ____________________________

In mid-term elections, Republicans capitalized on public discontent

Newt Gingrich and other Republicans campaigned with the __________________________________________- a plan to balance the budget, fight crime, and cut taxes

The plan was popular and Republicans gained 62 seats in Congress

They controlled both houses of Congress for the 1 st time in 40 years
Welfare Reform and other challenges

Clinton bounced back from this defeat by focusing on issues the Republicans raised

1996- Clinton reforms the welfare program by limiting the amount of time people could collect benefits and required recipients to find work within __________ years of collecting benefits

Internet emerges as a means of communication and ________________________________

Congress tries to limit inappropriate material on the Internet, but were blocked by the Supreme Court in Reno v.
ACLU

Federal building in Oklahoma City is bombed (domestic terrorism) in 1995 killing 168

Terry Nichols and Timothy McVeigh convicted of the crime

Foreign Policy Issues
Early Success in the Middle East

US struggled to know their place in a post-Cold War world

1993 Clinton helped Israel (Rabin) and Palestine (Arafat) sign the ______________________________________
(Palestine got self-rule and Palestine recognized Israel's right to exist)

When Rabin was assassinated in 1995, the relationship between the two nations soured
Somalia and Haiti

US had UN troops in Somalia to distribute food to victims of a civil war

1993- US troops began working to try to end the civil war

October 1993 18 killed and 84 wounded in Mogadishu

Clinton pulls out troops and decides not to get involved when genocide breaks out in Rwanda in 1994

1994 UN intervenes to remove a military dictator from Haiti

US helps achieve a peaceful change in government
Foreign Policy Issues
The Former Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia was formed after World War I and had several ethic groups that were enemies in the same country

Each of these groups wanted their independence but the nation was held together by Josip Tito until his death in
1980

After his death, the country fell apart and by the 1990s the small nations were fighting each other

1995 ___________________________________________: attempted to end fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina

1999- urged the UN to stop Serbia from expelling Albanians from the Serbian region of Kosovo

Bombing campaigns forced Serbian troops out
Promoting International Trade

Clinton worked to get Congressional approval of _________________ (North American Free Trade Agreement)

This treaty would eliminate tariffs from all goods going to and from Canada, the US, and Mexico

Many worried it would lead to ____________________________ in the US because wages were lower in Mexico

Others countered that it would increase trade and help the economy

Clinton also helped create the _________________________________________________________(WTO) that replaced GATT and helped settle trade disputes and create rules for global trade
Scandal and Impeachment

Clinton wins re-election in 1996

During 1 st term, Clinton and his wife were investigated in connection to a failed real estate project in the 1970s known as __________________________________________

The Clintons were accused of improperly getting and using loans for the project

Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr never charged the Clintons, but 3 of their business associates were found guilty of crimes

Clinton also faced a sexual harassment case brought by Paula Jones from his time as governor

Information emerged that he may have also had an inappropriate relationship with an intern named Monica
Lewinsky

Nov 1998- House of Representatives _______________________________ Clinton for perjury (lying under oath) and obstruction of justice (trying to cover up wrong doing)

Early 1999, Senate votes to acquit Clinton, he is not removed from office

Main Idea: Following a troubled election, Republican George W. Bush won the White House and strongly promoted his agenda.
The Election of 2000
The Nominees

The American economy prospered under Clinton (gov’t had a budget surplus)

VP ___________________ wanted to be associate with that part of the Clinton administration, but not his scandalous image

He picks Joe Liberman as his running mate (first Jewish man to run for the office)
 Republicans choose ____________________________________, son of former President Bush and governor of Texas
A troubled election

Polls indicated that the race would be close; both popular vote and electoral college votes were very close on election night
 Election returns in __________________ were so close that that the entire race hinged on the outcome there

News organizations declared Gore the winner, then retracted and declared Bush the winner

Finally they admitted it was too close to call  over a month before a winner was announced
The Election of 2000
Recount and Legal Wrangling

Because returns were so close, Florida conducted a ____________________ (Bush had a lead of only 300 out of 6 million ballots)

Democrats were concerned about ballots that were not counted because they were not punched correctly…they wanted those ballots counted by hand

One type of ballot, the butterfly ballot, was confusing for voters, causing concern that some voters voted incorrectly

Lawsuits were filed by both Republicans and Democrats over the recount
Bush v. Gore

December- Florida Supreme Court declared there should be a manual (by hand) recount…this favored _______________

Bush appeals to Supreme Court

In ___________________________ the Supreme Court stops the manual recount (can’t change counting methods in the middle of an election); therefore Bush won Florida and the 2000
Election

Bush was the 4 th president in US history to win even though he lost the popular vote

Bush’s Domestic Policy
Economic Changes

Economic prosperity of the 90s was waning

___________________ stocks began to fall and several major business had financial problems, leading to a stock market drop and recession
Tax Cuts

Even though the economy was in recession, Bush still believed that tax cuts would help the nation

Tax cuts did not help the economy improve

The administration cut taxes again in 2003, but it did not help the economy then either
Bush’s Domestic Policy
Education, health care, and more

2001: ______________________________________________- used annual testing to ensure students met academic standards

Bush also encouraged federal funding to faith-based organizations

2003- Medicare updated to include prescription drug coverage
Bush’s Second Term

2004: Bush runs against John Kerry, who is critical of Bush’s handling of the economy and foreign policy…____________ wins

Bush focuses on ______________________________________ reform

Bush proposes moving social security funds into private retirement accounts  rejected by
Congress

Bush able to put two new conservative justices on the Supreme Court: ____________________
_________________________________________
Bush’s Foreign Policy
 Bush asks Gulf War general _____________________________ to be his Secretary of State and
Condeleezza Rice to be National Security Advisor

After 2004 Election, Powell resigned and Rice took his place

Donald Rumsfeld served as ____________________________________________________

Bush refused to use troops for ‘nation building’ as Clinton had done

Bush cancelled the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty but also reduced US nuclear arms

The cancellation of the ABM Treaty caused friction with Russia and China

He also tried to work on peace in the Middle East but was unsuccessful

MAIN IDEA: A horrific attack on September 11, 2001, awakened the nation to the threat of terrorism and changed America’s view of the world.
September 11, 2001

2 commercial planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center; a 3 rd plane crashed into the _______________________, and a 4 th crashed in a field in Pennsylvania

Millions of Americans watched live as the twin towers collapsed

Over ______________ people were killed in the attacks

The nation was overwhelmed with grief and anger and admired first responders like the
NY Fire Department

Millions donated blood and money to help the victims of the attacks

Patriotism soared and America began a new war: the ____________________________
Background to the Attacks

Federal investigators focused their attention on ________________________________, a wealthy Saudi Arabian who had gone to Afghanistan in the 1980s to fight Soviet invaders

He embraced radical Islam and wanted to destroy the US; he was also angry about US presence in the Middle East

Bin Laden created a terrorist network called __________________ to carry out attacks around the world– they were responsible for an attack on the WTC in 1993 and embassies around the world

The US tried to attack a training base in Afghanistan under Clinton, but bin Laden escaped and later attacked the USS Cole, killing 17
 al Qaeda operative began moving into the US and enrolling in flight school to prepare to take over planes for the attacks
The United States Responds
War in Afghanistan

The ___________________ controlled Afghanistan and implements strict Islamic law
 bin Laden support the Taliban and the Taliban aided bin Laden

Bush put pressure on the Taliban to turn over bin Laden, but they refused

Oct, 2001- US and GB attacks Afghanistan

They were able to quickly overthrow the Taliban, but did not find bin Laden

Afghanistan still faces instability as American troops prepare to withdraw completely

Fighting Terrorism at Home

To coordinate anti-terrorism efforts, Bush and Congress created the ________________
_________________________________________________

The US also faces the possibility of biological terrorism (anthrax is mailed to several government officials)

Congress passes the ________________________________ that made it easier for law enforcement to secretly collect information about suspected terrorists

Some critics believe that it violates individual freedoms
War in Iraq

After a successful war in Afghanistan, Bush vowed to fight terrorism in Iraq, claiming that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction

UN weapons inspectors in 2003 found no evidence of weapons, but Bush believed they had been hidden

US invades Iraq March 2003

By April Saddam Hussein’s government fell and the country descended into civil war

No evidence of weapons of mass destruction were ever found

MAIN IDEA: The dawn of a new century found the United States facing a new era of opportunity and challenge.
America’s Changing Face
Tomorrow’s population

Minorities currently make up 30% of the US population

By 2050, minorities are expected to make up 50% with Hispanics as the largest minority group
Regional Changes/Graying Population

__________________ (South and West) growing faster than other regions of the US

Lower energy and labor costs attract ________________________ to this region as well

Americans are also getting older; people over 64 is the fastest growing group

Caused mostly by the aging/retirement of ____________________________________

Will place a strain on Social Security and Medicare
The Promise of Technology
Computers:

_____ of Americans own computers (only 1% in 1980)  most connected to the Internet

Most appliances, cars, and electronics contain computer chips

____________________________________________ is a major part of every industry
Agriculture:

_________________________________________ is used to grow higher yield crops in less than ideal conditions but is controversial (is it safe?)
Exploration:

Bush advocated building bases on the moon and Mars, but economic problems stalled these projects
Challenges for the Future
Health and health care
 life expectancy continues to grow and the US faces challenges with expensive chronic health problems (heart disease, diabetes, obesity)

Cost of healthcare is a serious problem  ______________________________________: attempt to slow the rate of cost increase by helping/requiring all Americans to have health insurance

Energy and the Environment

America faces challenges in providing inexpensive energy without harming the environment
Rebuilding After Hurricane Katrina and Sandy

Storm devastated Gulf states in August 2005;
 over 1,000 die

Hurricane Sandy hits New Jersey October 2012

Causing billions of dollars of damage