• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The
River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and
The Science Skills Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human
Body Systems and Health Topics Unit
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Entire Science Skills Unit includes a…
• Five Part 3,700 Slide PowerPoint roadmap full of class
activities, video links, red slide class notes, discussion
questions, games, and much more.
• 18 page bundled homework package that chronologically
follows the PowerPoint slideshow. Modified version and
answer keys are provided.
• 19 pages of unit notes with visuals for students who
require assistance and support staff.
• 3 PowerPoint review games, 14 worksheets that follow
slideshow activities, many video and academic links,
rubrics, help sheets, curriculum guide, and much more.
– http://www.sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_U
nit.html
Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit
Part I: Matter and Phase Change
Part II: Gas Laws and more
Part III: Energy, the EM Spectrum
and much more.
Part IV: Energy and Electricity, Magnetism Topics
Part V: The Environment
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations
when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label.
T
Gas
E
M
P
Boiling
Melting
Water
Ice
Heat Added 
Vapor
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of Focus: Gases and Other Laws.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Charles Law: Volume of a gas increases with
temperature. (Gases expand with heat).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The formula for the law is:
Volume
________ = K
Temp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The formula for the law is:
Volume
________ = K
Temp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in
Kelvin)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in
Kelvin)
K is a constant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in
Kelvin)
K is a constant.
K= The universal constant in the gas
equation: pressure times volume = R times
temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per
Kelvin per mole.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in
Kelvin)
K is a constant.
K= The universal constant in the gas
equation: pressure times volume = R times
temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per
Kelvin per mole.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
V is the volume of the gas.
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in
Kelvin)
K is a constant.
K= The universal constant in the gas
equation: pressure times volume = R times
temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per
Kelvin per mole.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
• This law means that when the temperature
goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.
When the temperature goes
down, the volume of the gas decre
ases.
• Set up of Demonstration.
–.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of Demonstration.
– Blow up two similar balloons so they have the
same circumference.
– Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500
ml.
– Place equal balloon in hot water on one side
to 500ml.
– Put small block and weight, or use finger to
depress balloon under water.
– Record difference in volume between the
balloons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of Demonstration.
– Blow up two similar balloons so they have the
same circumference.
– Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500
ml.
– Place equal balloon in hot water on one side
to 500ml.
– Put small block and weight, or use finger to
depress balloon under water.
– Record difference in volume between the
balloons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of Demonstration.
– Blow up two similar balloons so they have the
same circumference.
– Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500
ml.
– Place equal balloon in hot water on one side
to 500ml.
– Put small block and weight, or use finger to
depress balloon under water.
– Record difference in volume between the
balloons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of Demonstration.
– Blow up two similar balloons so they have the
same circumference.
– Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500
ml.
– Place equal balloon in hot water on one side
to 500ml.
– Put small block and weight, or use finger to
depress balloon under water.
– Record difference in volume between the
balloons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of Demonstration.
– Blow up two similar balloons so they have the
same circumference.
– Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500
ml.
– Place equal balloon in hot water on one side
to 500ml.
– Put small block and weight, or use finger to
depress balloon under water.
– Record difference in volume between the
balloons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Using Charles law, what will happen to the two
balloons below?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Set up of demonstration.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to demonstration.
– Sketch the difference between the two.
– How does temperature effect the volume of a gas?
Think about the gas molecules in each balloon.
• Use observations to back up your answers.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When temperatures get colder, you may
need to add some more molecules to get
the safe PSI for your vehicle.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You may notice that your sports equipment
doesn’t work well when you go out into your
garage in the winter.
– The air molecules are moving very slowly
so the ball is flat.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You may notice that your sports equipment
doesn’t work well when you go out into your
garage in the winter.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Avogadro’s Law / Hypothesis.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Avogadro’s Law / Hypothesis. “Hello ladies, I
am the Italian savant named Amedo Avogadro.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Avogadro’s Law / Hypothesis. “Hello ladies, I
am the Italian savant named Amedo Avogadro.”
– “I would love to show you my gas laws, will you join
me?”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Avogadro's Law: Equal volumes of gases, at the
same temperature and pressure, contain the
same number of particles, or molecules.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
Do not over pump the
“Fizz Keeper” or it can
shoot-off violently.
Please wear safety goggles!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
– Drop a small tied balloon into a
plastic soda bottle.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
– Drop a small tied balloon into a
plastic soda bottle.
– Cap bottle with the “Fizz Keeper”
and pump many times.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
– Drop a small tied balloon into a
plastic soda bottle.
– Cap bottle with the “Fizz Keeper”
and pump many times.
– Observe what happens to the
balloon during the pressurizing.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Pressure and Volume
– Drop a small tied balloon into a
plastic soda bottle.
– Cap bottle with the “Fizz Keeper”
and pump many times.
– Observe what happens to the
balloon during the pressurizing.
– Unscrew cap and observe
balloon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions.
– What happened to the balloon when pressure
was added and then removed?
– What is the connection between pressure and
volume of a gas?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions.
– What happened to the balloon when pressure was
added and then removed?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions.
– What happened to the balloon when pressure was
added and then removed?
– Answer: The balloon got smaller when the pressure
was added and then larger when removed.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions.
– What is the connection between pressure and volume
of a gas?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions.
– What is the connection between pressure and volume
of a gas?
– Answer: When pressure was increased, volume of the
gas decreased. When pressure was decreased,
volume increased.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which container below has the lowest air
pressure if the balloons are similar?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which container below has the lowest air
pressure if the balloons are similar?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: The one on the right because the balloon
has expanded since it has less pressure acting on it.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The container on the left must have higher air
pressure because it is decreasing the volume of the
gas in the balloon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume are inversely
proportional.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

“I’m Pressure.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, volume decreases.
 As volume decreases, pressure increases.

“I’m Volume.”
“I’m Pressure.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very Important!
Record in Journal.
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Activity! Syringes
• Activity! Syringes (Safety Goggles Needed)
• Activity! Syringes
– Depress plunger on the syringe.
• Activity! Syringes
– Depress plunger on the syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
• Activity! Syringes
– Depress plunger on the syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
– Try and pull handle (gently please).
• Why is it difficult?
Keep thumb
on opening.
• Activity! Syringes
– Depress plunger on the syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
– Try and pull handle (gently please).
• Why is it difficult?
Keep thumb
on opening.
• Activity! Syringes
– Answer: It was difficult because your finger
created a sealed vacuum and prevented air
from entering the chamber.
Keep thumb
on opening.
• Activity! Syringes
– Answer: It was difficult because your finger
created a sealed vacuum and prevented air
from entering the chamber. Atmospheric
pressure is 1 kilogram per square centimeter
at sea level.
Keep thumb
on opening.
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
– Fill syringe.
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
– Fill syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
– Fill syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
– Try and push handle (gently please).
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
– Fill syringe.
– Cover hole with finger.
– Try and push handle (gently please).
• How does this represent Boyles Law?
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
• How does this represent Boyles Law?
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
• How does this represent Boyles Law?
• Answer: As you depress the plunger, you
increase pressure and the volume of the
gas is decreased.
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
• How does this represent Boyles Law?
• Answer: As you depress the plunger, you
increase pressure and the volume of the
gas is decreased.
• Please determine how many milliliters you
were able to compress the gas inside
using the numbers on the syringe.
• Activity! Syringes (Opposite)
• How does this represent Boyles Law?
• Answer: As you depress the plunger, you
increase pressure and the volume of the
gas is decreased.
• Please determine how many milliliters you
were able to compress the gas inside
using the numbers on the syringe.
• Answer: You should be able to compress
the gas to about 50% of it’s starting
volume by hand and then it gets difficult.
“Can’t wait
to eat my
yogurt.”
• As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out
allowing your chest to expand and allows
more air to flow into your lungs.
• As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out
allowing your chest to expand and allows
more air to flow into your lungs.
– Air pressure decrease, air then rushes into
your lungs.
• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to
a normal state. Space in chest decreases.
• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to
a normal state. Space in chest decreases.
– Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of
your lungs.
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
A
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
•
A
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
A
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
A
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
Exhale
A
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
A
A
B
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
A
A
B
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
A
A
B
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
A
A
B
B
• Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale?
• Inhale
Exhale
A
A
B
B
• The Bends (Decompression Sickness) –
Bubbles form in blood if you rise to quickly
because of the rapid decrease in pressure.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Bends (Decompression Sickness) –
Bubbles form in blood if you rise to quickly
because of the rapid decrease in pressure.
– A diver must save time to travel to surface
slowly so body can adjust.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Activity – Pressure and temperature.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity – Pressure and temperature.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity – Pressure and temperature.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity – Pressure and temperature.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Temp and Pressure.
• Activity! Temp and Pressure.
– Record temperature inside bottle with cap off
under normal atmospheric pressure.
• Activity! Temp and Pressure.
– Record temperature inside bottle with cap off
under normal atmospheric pressure.
– Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much
as you can until it doesn’t create more
pressure.
• Activity! Temp and Pressure.
– Record temperature inside bottle with cap off
under normal atmospheric pressure.
– Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much
as you can until it doesn’t create more
pressure.
– Record temperature in bottle under pressure.
• Activity! Temp and Pressure.
– Record temperature inside bottle with cap off
under normal atmospheric pressure.
– Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much
as you can until it doesn’t create more
pressure.
– Record temperature in bottle under pressure.
– Observe the temperature as you unscrew the
cap.
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– What was the
temperature
change?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– What was the
temperature
change?
– How are pressure
and temperature
related?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– What was the
temperature
change?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– What was the
temperature
change?
– The temperature
increased a few
degrees with
increased
pressure.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– How are pressure
and temperature
related?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions for the
“Fizz Keeper
Activity”
– How are pressure
and temperature
related?
– They are inversely
proportional.
When one goes up,
the other goes
down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Very Important!
Record in Journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, temperature increases.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
As pressure increases, temperature increases.
As pressure decreases, temperature decreases.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Pressure and temperature: Can you explain how
this bird will continue to drink thinking about
temperature and pressure?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:
– Your body heat warms the fluid in the
abdomen.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:
– The heat increases the vapor pressure in the
abdomen relative to the head (the reverse of
what happens when you wet the head).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:
– The fluid rises into the head in response to
the pressure difference (moving from high
pressure to low pressure).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:
– The bird becomes top-heavy, and tips.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:
– The bird becomes top-heavy, and tips.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Temperature and Pressure
 As
temp rises, pressure increases – “Watch
out”
 As pressure increases, temperature increases
”Watch out”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Temperature and Pressure
 As
temp rises, pressure increases – “Watch
out”
 As pressure increases, temperature increases
”Watch out”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Temperature and Pressure
 As
temp rises, pressure increases – “Watch
out”
 As pressure increases, temperature increases
”Watch out”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Temperature and Pressure
 As
temp rises, pressure increases – “Watch
out”
 As pressure increases, temperature increases
”Watch out”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
+
+
+
• This photoshop job might look “Funny”.
• Caution! Graphic Images of burns / the
dangers of pressure and temperature.
• The consequences of severe burns and
explosions are not “funny”.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The ideal gas law: PV = nRT (pressure times
volume equals the number of molecules
times the gas constant times temperature).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
P=Pressure
V=Volume
is equal to the..
n= Number of molecules
R= Gas constant = 8.134 JK m
T= Temperature
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video Link! (Optional) Khan Academy
• Ideal Gas Law (Advanced)
– http://www.khanacademy.org/video/ideal-gasequation--pv-nrt?playlist=Chemistry
• Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator
• http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish
er/Thermo1.html
• How you can use this gas law to find…
• Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator
• http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish
er/Thermo1.html
• How you can use this gas law to find…
– Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P
• Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator
• http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish
er/Thermo1.html
• How you can use this gas law to find…
– Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P
– Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V
• Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator
• http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish
er/Thermo1.html
• How you can use this gas law to find…
– Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P
– Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V
– Calculating moles of gas: n = (PV) ÷ (RT)
• Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator
• http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish
er/Thermo1.html
• How you can use this gas law to find…
–
–
–
–
Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P
Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V
Calculating moles of gas: n = (PV) ÷ (RT)
Calculating gas temperature: T = (PV) ÷ (nR)
• Activity! Gas Law Simulator.
• http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lab
oratory/GLP.htm
• What happens to molecules when…
– Temperature is increased.
– Pressure is increased.
– Volume is decreased.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Gas Law Simulator.
• http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lab
oratory/GLP.htm
• What happens to molecules when…
– Temperature is increased.
– Pressure is increased.
– Volume is decreased.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Gas Law Simulator.
• http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lab
oratory/GLP.htm
• What happens to molecules when…
– Temperature is increased.
– Pressure is increased.
– Volume is decreased.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Gas Law Simulator.
• http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lab
oratory/GLP.htm
• What happens to molecules when…
– Temperature is increased.
– Pressure is increased.
– Volume is decreased.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gas Laws and more available sheet.
• Activity / Happy Face
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie.
the balloon!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie.
the balloon!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the
balloon!
– Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small
face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if
nose is the end of the balloon).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the
balloon!
– Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small
face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if
nose is the end of the balloon).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the
balloon!
– Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small
face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if
nose is the end of the balloon).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie.
the balloon!
– Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small
face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if
nose is the end of the balloon).
– Tie off balloon and face should shrink.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity / Demonstration!
– Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie.
the balloon!
– Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small
face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if
nose is the end of the balloon).
– Tie off balloon and face should shrink.
– Release and then add pressure to one side of
the balloon so that your face expands. Have
fun for a bit!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to the balloon poking.
– How did the balloon and face change when you
squished it?
– How is pressure distributed when you squeeze the
balloon?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: By squeezing the balloon tightly,
pressure is distributed equally in all directions.
The face gets bigger evenly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! The Blob. Trying to understand Pascal’s
Law.
– Can we create our own mini blob and send
something flying with trash bags and textbooks.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2b8s4VxD60&feat
ure=fvwrel
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! The Blob. Trying to understand Pascal’s
Law.
– Can we create our own mini blob and send
something flying with trash bags and textbooks.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2b8s4VxD60&feat
ure=fvwrel
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that
are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids
will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure
in all directions at the same rate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that
are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids
will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure
in all directions at the same rate.
Cool Picture of a Gnome
being squeezed and yelling
something about Pascal in a
different language.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that
are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids
will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure
in all directions at the same rate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Hydraulics - The branch of applied science that
deals with fluids in motion.
• Hydraulics - The branch of applied science that
deals with fluids in motion.
• Activity – Pascal’s Law and Hydraulics.
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
– Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill
tube.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
– Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill
tube.
– Attach hose to one side.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
– Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill
tube.
– Attach hose to one side.
– Depress syringe until water comes out of
tube.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
– Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill
tube.
– Attach hose to one side.
– Depress syringe until water comes out of
tube.
– Attach other syringe that is depressed fully.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side.
– Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill
tube.
– Attach hose to one side.
– Depress syringe until water comes out of
tube.
– Attach other syringe that is depressed fully.
– Push one side down at a time.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.
-High Viscosity = Difficult to flow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.
-High Viscosity = Difficult to flow.
-Low Viscosity = Easy to flow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you
just built?
– Answer: When the syringe is depressed, the fluid is
sent out (transmitted) equally in all directions and flows
through the tube to the syringe on the other side.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive.
– Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut
butter? Explain your answer using viscosity.
– It would work better with oil because it has a lower
viscosity (resistance to flow)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

High Viscosity = Travels slow because of
high resistance.

Low Viscosity = Travels fast because low
resistance.
• Activity! What is more viscous?
– Remember, Viscosity is resistance to flow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! The peanut butter doesn’t flow as
much as the ketchup so it has more
viscosity.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Viscosity Olympics Available Sheet
• Activity! The Condiment Olympics.
– Official / ceremony / entrance of the condiments
required. Volunteers needed to march each
condiment into the classroom.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbHw8DBCXQ8
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Create the following spreadsheet in your journal.
Condiment
Finish Time
Mustard
Ketchup
Jelly
Maple Syrup (Fake)
Chocolate Syrup
Mystery Fluid
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Create the following spreadsheet in your journal.
Condiment
Finish Time
Mustard
Ketchup
Jelly
Maple Syrup (Fake)
Chocolate Syrup
Mystery Fluid
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Viscosity.
– Lay tray on table.
• Activity! Viscosity.
– Lay tray on table.
– Place condiments at one side along a starting
line.
• Activity! Viscosity.
– Lay tray on table.
– Place condiments at one side along a starting
line.
– Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off
the vertical at start of race.
• Activity! Viscosity.
– Lay tray on table.
– Place condiments at one side along a starting
line.
– Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off
the vertical at start of race.
– Record the times each condiment takes to
cross the finish line. (DNF = Did Not Finish)
– I needed green text here to complete
the Olympic colors.
• Activity! Viscosity.
– Lay tray on table.
– Place condiments at one side along a starting
line.
– Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off
the vertical at start of race.
– Record the times each condiment takes to
cross the finish line. (DNF = Did Not Finish)
– I needed green text here to complete
the Olympic colors.
• Visual of Set-Up
Top View
Start
Finish
Side View
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The
River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and
The Science Skills Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human
Body Systems and Health Topics Unit
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Entire Science Skills Unit includes a…
• Five Part 3,700 Slide PowerPoint roadmap full of class
activities, video links, red slide class notes, discussion
questions, games, and much more.
• 18 page bundled homework package that chronologically
follows the PowerPoint slideshow. Modified version and
answer keys are provided.
• 19 pages of unit notes with visuals for students who
require assistance and support staff.
• 3 PowerPoint review games, 14 worksheets that follow
slideshow activities, many video and academic links,
rubrics, help sheets, curriculum guide, and much more.
– http://www.sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_U
nit.html
Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit
Part I: Matter and Phase Change
Part II: Gas Laws and more
Part III: Energy, the EM Spectrum
and much more.
Part IV: Energy and Electricity, Magnetism Topics
Part V: The Environment