Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
Part Four
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ENTER
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
Language Study
I.
Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
Word list:
1. abundance
9. damp
17. intensify
2. assault
10. deliberate
18. modify
3. colossal
11. emerge
19. potent
4. confine
12. evolve
20. subject
5. consent
13. flicker
21. suppress
6. considerable 14. harmony
22. tamper
7. contaminate 15. impetuous
8. contend
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16. indiscriminate
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
1. abundance
n. a great or plentiful amount, fullness, affluence
Examples:
Carpets are available in abundance.
abundant a.
This area is abundant in petroleum deposit.
abound v.
Streams abound with fish.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
2. assault
v./n. violent physical or verbal attack
(usually implying sudden, intense violence)
Examples:
Muggers often assault their victims on dark
streets.
increases in violent assaults over the past
decade
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
3. colossal
a. enormous (a hugeness that elicits awe)
Examples:
Even by modern standards, the 46, 000
ton Titanic was a colossal ship.
colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient
temple
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
4. confine
v./n. to keep within bounds; restrict
Examples:
Please confine your remarks to the issues at
hand.
The sick child was confined to bed.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
5. consent
v./n. to agree; accept; approve of
Examples:
• Mary's parents refused their consent to her
marriage.
• Has the minister consented to having his
speech printed?
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
6. considerable
a. large in amount, extent, or degree;
significant
Examples:
She is a writer of considerable influence.
The economy was a considerable issue in the
campaign.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
7. contaminate
Word formation
v. a. to make impure or unclean by contact or n. contamination
mixture
b. to expose to or permeate with
radioactivity
Examples:
The river was contaminated with waste.
Don't be contaminated by bureaucracy.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
8. contend
v. a. to strive in opposition or against
difficulties; struggle
b. to compete, as in a race; maintain
Examples:
The armies in the two countries are
contending for control of the strategic
territory.
They had to contend with long lines at the
airport.
The defendant contended that the evidence
was inadmissible.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
9. damp
a./v./n. a. slightly wet
b. moisten
c. to restrain or check; discourage
Examples:
I don't like to sleep between damp sheets.
His clothes were damped in the rain.
The rain damped their spirit.
His remarks damp down their enthusiasm.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
10. deliberate
a. a. intentional
b. arising from or marked by careful
consideration
Examples:
He mistook the oversight for a deliberate
insult.
He told us a deliberate lie.
They took a deliberate action yesterday.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
11. emerge
v. a. to rise from or as if from immersion
b. to come forth from obscurity
c. to come into existence
Examples:
Sea mammals must emerge periodically to
breathe.
The sun emerged from behind the clouds.
Advanced figures are emerging in multitude
in this era of ours.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
12. evolve
v. a. to develop or achieve gradually
b. to work out; devise
Examples:
The British present political system has evolved
over several centuries.
The developmental history of the society tells
us that man has evolved from the ape.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
13. flicker
v./n. a. to move waveringly
b. to burn unsteadily or fitfully
• shadows flickering on the wall
• a flicker of doubt
• leaves flickering in the wind
•The candle flickered in the wind.
•flames that flickered in the night
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墙上摇曳的影子
一丝疑虑
在风中摇晃的树叶
蜡烛在风中闪烁不定。
黑夜中闪烁的火光
Translation
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
14. harmony
n. a. agreement in feeling, interests, and
opinions, etc.
b. pleasing combination of related
things
racial harmony
domestic harmony
Everyone lives in harmony.
Tourism should develop in
harmony with environment.
harmonious relationships
harmonize different approaches
into unified strategies
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 种族和睦
 家庭和睦
 每个人和睦生活在一起。
 旅游业应与环境同步发
展。
 和睦的关系
 将不同的方法统一起来
使其成为统一的策略
Translation
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
15. impetuous
a. impulsive and passionate (forceful
impulsiveness or impatience)
Examples:
impetuous, heaving waves
impetuous promise
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奔腾汹涌的浪花
冲动的许诺
Translation
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
16. indiscriminate
a. a. unselective; widespread; wholesale
b. confused; chaotic; unrestrained
Examples:
indiscriminate taste in music
无特殊音乐品味
indiscriminate violence
大规模的暴力事件
the indiscriminate use of pesticides 杀虫剂的广泛使用
the indiscriminate policies of
前任内阁令人困惑
the previous administration
的政策
 indiscriminate spending
无节制的挥霍




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Translation
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
17. intensify
v. to make intense or more intense
Translation
More examples
Examples:
放大像
intensified image
The press has intensified its 新闻界已增强了对他
背景的调查。
scrutiny of his background.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
Cf.
intense
intensive
intense intensive
Translation
•
•
•
•
•
•
intense emotions
intense heat
an intense writer
intensive training
research-intensive
intensive care
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





深情
酷暑
感受深刻的作者
强化训练
研究密集型的
悉心照顾
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
18. modify
v. a. to change in form or character; alter
b. to make less extreme, severe, or strong
Examples:
The equipment may be modified to produce
VCD sets.
refuse to modify her stand on the issue
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To be continued on the next page.
More examples
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
Cf.
Compare: change, alter, vary
•
•
•
He then changed into overalls and spent the
next eight hours as a dustman.
She had her dress altered the other day.
The action he takes varies according to the
nature of the complaint.
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change
alter
vary
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
Word
formation
19. potent
a. powerful
Examples:
potent liquor
a potent toxin
potent arguments
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potency
impotence
potential
impotent
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
20. subject
v. a. to experience
b. to expose
c. to submit to the authority of
a. prone; exposed
Examples:
The patients on that ward were subjected to
infection.
The campers were subjected to extreme
weather.
a child who is subject to colds
be subject to misinterpretation
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
Synonyms
21. suppress
v. to put an end to forcibly, prohibit the
activities of (suggesting the exercise of
force that drastically inhibits or crushes)
Examples:
suppress anger/annoyance/delight
suppress a sneeze
suppress the urge
The virus suppresses the body’s immune
system.
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repress
stifle
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Word Study
22. tamper
v. a. to interfere in a harmful manner
b. to tinker with rashly or foolishly
Examples:
He tried to tamper with the decedent's will.
tampering with the timing mechanism of the
safe
Don't tamper with my feelings.
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More examples
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
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Word Study
Cf.
Compare: interfere, meddle, tamper
It was his peculiar doctrine that a man has a
perfect right to interfere by force with the
slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave.
I don’t like people meddling in my affairs.
A large number of persons were accused of
tampering with ballot boxes.
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The end of Word Study.
interfere
meddle
tamper
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
List:
1. be caught up in
5. lay down
2. be geared to
6. life-and-death
3. within bounds
7. a limit on
4. immune to
8. set the stage for
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
1. be caught up in
Cf.
v. a. to captivated
b. If you get caught up in sth. you become
involved in it often without wanting to.
Examples:
I was caught up in the mood of the evening.
He got caught up in the drugs business.
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To be continued on the next page.
catch up with
catch up on
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
catch up with, catch up on
Examples:
You start first, walk on and I'll catch up
with you later.
I have to catch up on my work so I can't
go out.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
2. be geared to
v. to adjust or adapt so as to make
suitable
Examples:
Education should be geared to children's
needs.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
3. within bounds
being under legal or moral obligation
out of bounds
a. If a place is out of bounds, people are not
allowed to go there.
b. If something is out of bounds, people are not
allowed to do it, use it, see it, or know about it.
Examples:
All our trading activities are within the bounds
of the law.
This area is out of bounds to persons not
concerned.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
4. immune to
a. a. not affected by a given influence
b. not subject to an obligation imposed on
others
Examples:
immune to persuasion 不能被说服的
immune from taxation 免于纳税
immune from criminal prosecution 免于刑事诉讼
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
5. lay down
v. a. to give up and surrender
b. to specify
Examples:
lay down their arms
lay down the rules
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
6. life-and-death
a. a. involving or ending in life or death
b. vitally important
.
Examples:
a life-and-death battle
a life-and-death struggle between union and
management
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
7. a limit on
n. 限度，极限
Examples:
What’s the limit on how many bottles of
wine you can bring through customs?
attempt to set a limit on customer waste
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
II.
Phrases and Expressions
8. set the stage for
v. to prepare for
Examples:
The president’s recent death set the stage
for a military coup.
Will this agreement merely set the stage for
another war?
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The end of Phrases and Expressions.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
III. Word Building
List:
1. Prefix—sup, sub
2. Root—po(t)
3. Suffix—ial
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
III. Word Building
root
sup,sub-: under;
subordinate; secondary
suppress (6)
prefix
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supply
提供
supplicate
恳请
subsoil
底土
subplot
次要情节
subway
地铁
substandard
不合规格的
subcontinent
次大陆
subdivide
细分
sublet
转租
subculture
次培养基
subtitle
副标题
sub-editor
副主编
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
III. Word Building
suffix
pot: power
potent (6)
root
当权者，有权势的人
potentate
potential
impotent
omnipotent
plenipotentiary
multipotent
potentiality
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潜在的，有潜在能力的
无力的，软弱无能的
全能的，无所不能的
全权大使
多能的
可能性，潜在性
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
III. Word Building
suffix— -ial
a. having, belonging
aerial
commercial
partial
crucial
cordial
celestial
substantial
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空气的
商业的
部分的
至关紧要的
热忱的, 诚恳的, 兴奋的
天上的
坚固的, 充分的
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The end of Word Building
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
IV. Grammar
Use of prepositional phrases
Definition:
A phrase that consists of a preposition and
its object and has adjectival or adverbial value.
It can function as attributive or adverbial
modifiers and object complements.
Example:
The book was written by him.
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To be continued on the next page.
“By him” is a
prepositional
phrase
indicating the
agent of the
verb.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
IV. Grammar
Prepositional phrase
It was a spring without voices.
More examples
Attributive
modifiers
qualifying “a
spring”.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
IV. Grammar
Prepositional phrase
Insect problems arose with the intensification
of agriculture…
“Of phrase” is an attributive
of ‘intensification’.
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“With phrase”
is an adverbial
of manner.
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
IV. Grammar
Prepositional phrase
When the boy woke up three days later, he
found himself in the bedroom.
Prepositional phrase functions
as object complement.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
IV. Grammar
Prepositional phrases
One important natural check is a limit on the
amount of suitable habitat for each species.
Among them are many that are used in
man’s war against nature.
The mid-1940’s over 200 basic chemicals
have been created for use in killing insects,
weeds, and other organisms described as
“pests”; and they are sold under several
thousand different brand names.
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The end of Grammar.
Analyze the
grammatical
function of
the italic
parts.
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
Part Four
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