同等学力基础班课程
Unit Three
编讲：吴梅
Review
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experience
limit
however
develop
popular
leisure
divide
various
length
necessary
cost
technical
equipment
knowledge
ballooning
balloon
it is/was not until
British
unusual
countryside
disappear
airplane
increasingly
pastime
in terms of
training
hi-tech
require
flight
Britain
usual
appear
Review
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rise
afford
produce
provide
hang gliding
step off
relative
involve
hilltop
accurately
sunrise
sunset
possible
producer
developer
instruction
on hourly basis
glide
realize
since
relatively
inexpensive expensive
face
course
land
take off
accurate
bottom
Review
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five-day course
normally reach
standard
should
wear
waterproof
airproof
bulletproof
clothing
special
protect
once
complete
join
common
gallon
bottled
plastic
contain
pure spring water
foreign
foreigner
mineral mine
Europe
European
Euro
soft drink
Review
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be interested in
United States US
United Nation/UN
taste tasty delicious
health value
list
content
company
add
term
misleading
except
purify air-purifier
pure
underground
choice
tap water
tap
doubt
safety
safe
supply
close
attention
cleanliness
government
responsible
responsibility quality
regularly
compare
pollution
pollute
Words for Passage One
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million [5miljEn]百万 millionaire [miljE5nZE]
billion [5biljEn] n. billionaire [biljE5nZE]
die v.死 dead a. death n.
lack v. n. 缺乏 lack of
weak a. 虚弱 weakness 弱点
strong a. 强壮, 强大, 浓的
strength [streNW] n. 力量, 力, 优点
disease [di5zi:z] n. 疾病 illness
cause n. v.(引起sth发生)原因
blame vt.责备, 谴责 ~for/who should be blamed for his
death?
reason n.理由, 原因
Words for Passage One
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false [fC:ls] adj.错误的, 假的 true
more than 比sth 多; 不仅
quantity [5kwCntiti] n. 量
throw [WrEu] v. 扔, 抛 threw [Wru:]
 thrown [WrEun]
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rapidly 迅速地, 快速地 rapid
production 生产 produce, producer
population [7pCpju5leiFEn] n. 人口, 数量
wealthy [5welWi] a. 富裕的
wealth [5welW] n. 财富
Sentences for Passage One
It is sad to know that millions of people
die every year because they do not have
enough food.
 Lack of food make people weak.
 Who should be blamed for this situation?
 Although the world’s population has
grown rapidly, food production has grown
faster than the population.
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Exercises for Sentences
缺钱使人具有依赖性.
 孩子能使父母幸福.
 超女节目使张靓颖家喻户晓.
 印度的人口增长比中国快.
 单亲家庭的孩子比其他的孩子承受更多的
社会压力.

Exercises for Sentences
Lack of money make people dependant.
 Children make parents happy.
 “Super Girl” makes Zhang Liangying
famous.
 Indian’s population grows faster than
China’s.
 Children from single parent family have
more social pressure than other children.

Words for Passage Two
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philosopher [fi5lCsEfE] n.哲学家
philosophy [fi5lCsEfi] n. 哲学
important a.重要的 importance n. 重要性
believe v. 相信, 认为, 想
character [5kAriktE] n. 角色,人物
create [kri5eit] v.创造, 引起,创作
creative [kri(:)5eiti] a. 创造性的,
创造力的
creativity [9kri:eI`tIEtI] n. 创造
性
summarize [5sQmEraiz] v. 总结,概述
summary [5sQmEri] n. 总结
short saying 谚语
Words for Passage Two
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wise a. 明智的, 聪明unwise
essay [5esei] n. 小品文, 短文
danger [5deindVE] n.危险, 危险物, 威胁
lazy [5leizi] a. 懒惰的, 懒散的
laziness [5leizinis] n.怠惰, 无精打采
ambitiousness [Am5biFEsnis] n. 抱负
ambitious [Am5biFEs] adj.有雄心的, 野心勃
勃的
accomplish [E5kCmpliF] v. vt.完成, 达到,
实现
expect [iks5pekt] v. 期待, 预期
Sentences for Passage Two
The philosopher and writer was one of
the most important men in the early days
of the United State.
 “Poor Richard”, a character Franklin
created, summarized Franklin’s ideas in
short sayings.
 People who spend all their time just
hoping will die without food.
 One day is worth two tomorrow.
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Exercises for Sentences
在改革开放前, 工人阶级是最受人尊敬的人
之一.
 哈里. 波特, 一个罗林夫人创造的角色, 深
受全世界的儿童以及成人的喜爱.
 那些把全部时间花在消费上的人将会身无
分文地死去.
 北京的一个两居室值洛阳的两个三居室.

Key to Exercises for Sentences
Before open and reform, the working
class is one of the most respected people.
 Harry Porter, a character created by Mrs.
Rowlling, is loved by children and adults
worldwide.
 These people who spend all their money
consuming will die without money.
 A two-bedroom flat in Beijing is worth two
three-bedroom apartments in Luoyang.
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Words for Dialogue
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employment [im5plCimEnt] n.雇用, 利用,
工作
employer [im5plCiE] n.雇主, 老板
retire [ri5taiE] n.退休
director [dai5rektE] n.主任, 主管, 导演,
董事
easygoing [5i:zi^EuiN] a. 随和的
personality [7pE:sE5nAliti] n.个性, 人
格, 人物
handle [5hAndl] n.柄, 把手 vt. 处理, 操作
kidding [kidiN] n. 开玩笑
nervous [5nE:Es] adj.神经紧张的, 不安的
Words for Dialogue
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challenge [5tFAlindV] n.挑战 vt.向...挑战
Tennis [5tenis] n.网球运动 table tennis
imagine [i5mAdVin] vt.想象, 设想
finance [fai5nAns] n. 金融, 财政学 vt.供给...
经费, 负担经费
pressure [`preFE(r)]n.压, 压力, 电压
impression [im5preFEn] n.印象, 感想, 盖
印, 压痕
unedible [Qn5edibl]adj.不适于食用的, 不
能吃的
undercooked [5QndEkukt] adj.煮得欠熟
Sentences for Dialogue
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Keep your finger crossed.
Whoever they choose is fine as long as it’s not me.
I mean, what kind of person does it take?
You got to be kidding.
I consider teaching tennis a challenge.
I can’t imagine myself managing a staff and
worrying about finances.
That’s not the impression I have of you at all.
It’s just that I’m too tired to do much talking after all
that walking around town.
There is no problem talking with Howard.
Suffix and Prefix
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collect n. 领取、收集 collection
situation n. 情况、状况 situate
sorrowfully adv. 悲哀地，忧愁地 sorrow
sorrowful
assistant n. 助手、助理 assist
suspiciously adv. 怀疑地，猜疑地 suspicious ,
suspect
different from 与……不同 difference, differ
examine v. 检查 examination, examiner,
examinee
nodding n. 点头 nod, shake
official n. 官员 office, officer
Suffix and Prefix
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psychologist n. 心理学家 psychology
agree v. 同意、赞同 agreement
compete v. 竞争、竞赛 competition n. 竞争
competitor, competitive
adopt v. 采用、采纳、收养 adoption
educator n. 教师、教育工作者 education,
educate
fashion n. 流行、时尚 fashionable
limit vt. 限制, 限定 limitation
develop vt. 形成、发展 development,
developmental
Suffix and Prefix
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divide v. 分,划分 division
various a. 多样的 vary
length n. 长度 long
necessary a. 必要的,必须的 necessity
training
trainer, trainee
technical a. 技术的, 技术上的 hi-tech [haitek]
technology, technological
equipment n.装备, 设备 equip
knowledge n. 知识，学问 know
require vt. 需要, 要求, 命令 requirement
Britain n. 英国 British
Suffix and Prefix
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unusual a.不平常的, 与众不同的 usual
disappear v. 消失，不见 appear, appearance
afford vt.提供, 供应得起 affordable
possible a. 可能的 possibility n. 可能性
producer n. 生产商 produce, production
provide v. 提供，供给 provision
instruction n. 教导、指示说明instruct
on hourly basis 以小时为基础 base, basis
realize v. 认识、实现 realization
relatively adv. 相对地, relative a. 相对的 n. 亲属
relation, relationship
Suffix and Prefix
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inexpensive a. 便宜的 expensive, expense
daily expense 日常开销, 日常花消
involve vt.包括, 涉及 involvement
accurately adv. 精确地 accurate inaccurate
normally adv. 正常地 normal a. norm n. 标准
waterproof adj. 防水的, 不透水的
airproof, bulletproof, soundproof
clothing n. 衣服 clothes, cloth
special specialty specialize
protect vt. 保护 protection
complete vt. 完成, 使完善 completion
Part I: Negative Prefixes（1）
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anti-
antibody, anticlockwise,
antisocial, antifreeze, antiaircraft
dis-
disapprove, disarm, disarrange,
disassociate, disbelief, discharge,
disclose, discomfort, discolor
disconnect, discontinue, discourage,
dishonesty
im-
immaterial, immature, immeasurable,
immobile , immodest, immoral,
impatience, impersonal
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Part I: Negative Prefixes（1）
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in-
inability, inaccurate, inactive,
inadmissible, inattention,
inaudible, incapable, incaution,
inconsiderate, inconclusive,
indecisive, independent
ir-
irrational, irregular, irresistible,
irresponsible, irrelevant
illiberal, illogic, illocal, illiquid
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il-
Grammar—Tense
构成式是have (has)＋done (过去分词)
 被动构成: have (has) been done
 现在完成时表示到现在为止的一段时间内
发生的情况或动作，强调的是对现在的影
响，可能是已完成的动作，也可表示多次
动作的总和，或习惯性的行为和持续的动
作.
 标志词: already, as yet, yet, ever, just,
never ,有“since＋时间点，for＋一段时间”
引导的状语时
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Grammar--Exercises
1. We have never ___ to Zhongshan Park.
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A. been B. being C. is D. are
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2. “Is Mary in?” “No, she ___ to school.”

A. went
B. has gone
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C. goes
D. has been
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Grammar--Exercises
中国政府已经采用了欧洲三号汽车尾气排
放标准来减少污染.
 你的作业我已经检查过两遍了.
 Joan还没有回来.
 从1998年开始我就住这儿.
 她已经为IBM工作了十年了.
 我从没去过伦敦.

Grammar--Exercises
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The government has adopted the European III
Vehicle Emission Standard.

I have already checked/examined your
homework twice.
Joan has not come back yet.
I have lived here since 1998.
She has already worked for IBM for 10 years.
I have never been to London.
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Grammar—Tense
Many public schools have adopted school
uniforms to cut down on competition.
 Several more forms of flying, however,
have developed into increasingly popular
leisure pastimes.
 Although the world’s population has
grown rapidly, food production has grown
faster than the population.

Grammar—Tense
过去完成式:
 构成: had+done
 被动构成: had been done
 表达在过去某个时间之前就以及发生并且
结束的动作,也就是过去的过去.
 标志结构: 一个表达过去的时间状语, 或是
一个过去的时态.

Grammar--Exercises
1. By the time the doctor arrived, the man

____ already.

A. died
B. has died

C. had dies
D. dies

2. When Jack arrived, he learned Mary

____ for almost an hour.

A. had out
B. have set off

C. left
D. had been away

Grammar—Tense

汤姆来中国之前曾学了些汉语.

在他们结婚之前,他们已经认识了有16年了.

在我从这里搬出去之前,我在这里以及住了
五年了.

到2003年年底, 已经售出了5000多辆车了.
Grammar--Tense
Before Tom came to China, he had
learned some Chinese already.
 Before they got married, they had known
one another for 16 years.
 Before I moved out, I had lived here for 5
years.
 By the end of 2003, over 5000 cars had
been sold.

Grammar—Tense
The man looked at me suspiciously as if
to say that he had heard this type of story
many times and asked me to describe the
case.
 By last Monday we had got everything
ready for the party.
 He told me that he had been to shanghai
several times.
 I didn’t want to see the film because I had
already seen it.

Grammar—Comparative Degree
In Europe, bottled water is as popular as soft
drinks are in the United States.
 Although the world’s population has grown
rapidly, food production has grown faster than
the population.
 There were hundreds of cases there and it
made it more difficult for me to find mine easily.

The philosopher and writer was one of the most
important men in the early days of the United
State.
Grammar—Comparative Degree
平级比较:
结构: as 形容词/副词 as
否定形式: not as (so) 形容词/副词 as
In Europe, bottled water is as popular as
soft drinks are in the United States.
In Europe, bottled water is not so (as)
popular as soft drinks are in the United
States.
Grammar--Exercises
未来的MP4 将跟现在的MP3一样受欢迎.
未来的MP4 不会像现在的MP3一样受欢迎.
Microsoft跟Intel一样的雄心勃勃.
Microsoft不如Intel雄心勃勃.
印度发展得跟中国一样快.
在过去的20年中, 印度发展得不如中国快.
他完成这个课程跟他的妹妹一样的快.
Grammar--Exercises
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The future Mp4 player will be as popular as Mp3 player
at present.
The future MP4 playe will not be so popular as MP3
player at present.
The future Mp4 player will be as popular as Mp3 player
is at present.
Microsoft is as ambitious as Intel.
Microsoft is not as ambitious as Intel.
Microsoft is as ambitious as Intel is.
India has developed as rapidly as China.
India has developed as rapidly as China has.
India has not developed so rapidly as China has over
the past 20 years.
Grammar—Comparative Degree
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比较级:
结构: 单音节形容词+er than
如: new-newer, long-longer
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个福音字母,须双写这
个字母, 再加er. 如: big-bigger hot-hotter thinthinner
more 多音节形容词 than
如: interesting-more interesting
important-more important
Although the world’s population has grown rapidly, food
production has grown faster than the population.
There were hundreds of cases there and it made it
more difficult for me to find mine easily.
Grammar--Exercises
未来的MP4 将比现在的MP3更受欢迎.
Microsoft比Intel更雄心勃勃.
印度发展得中国更快.
两居室的公寓比三居室的公寓便宜.
Grammar--Exercises
The future MP4 player will be more
popular than MP3 player at present.
 Microsoft is more ambitious than Intel.
 India has developed faster than china.
 Two-bedroom apartment is less
expensive than three-bedroom apartment.

Grammar—Comparative Degree
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最高级:
构成: the most 形容词/副词 +名词
the 形容词/副词-est + 名词
The philosopher and writer was one of the most
important men in the early days of the United
State.
Wal-Mart是全球最大的超市.
Wal-Mart是全球最大的超市之一.
中国有世界上最长的铁路.
近来, 两居室是最受欢迎的公寓.
Grammar--Exercises
Wal-Mart is the biggest supermarket
worldwide.
 Wal-Mart is one of the biggest
supermarkets in the world.
 China has world’s longest railway.
 Two-bedroom apartment is the most
popular apartment recently.

Long Sentences

There is a general support for
the argument Democrats are
beginning to make that priority
should be given to improving the
ability of the government to prevent
the smuggling of weapons of mass
destruction into the entry and to
respond effectively should such an
attack occur.

But now it is realized that supplies of
some of them are limited, and it is even
possible to give a reasonable estimate of
their “expectation of life”, the time it will
take to exhaust all known sources and
reserves of these materials.
over