Atomic Structure
Atom
• Basic unit of matter
• Made of subatomic particles
Element
• Substance made of same type
of atom
Protons
• Positive Charge
• Located in the nucleus
• Mass = 1 amu
– Helps make up the mass of an atom
• # of protons never changes for an element
– Same as atomic number
Neutrons
• No Charge
• Located in the
nucleus
• Mass = 1 amu
– Helps make up the
mass of an atom
– Can differ in atoms of
the same element
How to Calculate Neutrons
Mass # - Atomic # = Neutrons
Electrons
• Negative Charge
• Located in the electron cloud
– Surrounds the nucleus
– Move very fast!
• Mass = 0 amu
– Does not really count towards an atom’s mass
• In neutral atoms, electrons = protons
Atomic Number
• Special for every element
• Tells # of protons (and electrons)
• Located on the periodic table (whole number)
Atomic Mass
• Located on periodic table
– Has decimals
• Average mass of the element’s isotopes
Mass Number
• Protons + Neutrons
• Whole Number (rounded atomic mass)
Practice
•How many protons
does nitrogen have?
Practice
•What is the atomic
mass of calcium?
Practice
•What is the mass
number of calcium?
Practice
•How many neutrons
are in chlorine?
Practice
•Name of Element:
•Atomic Number:
•Atomic Mass:
•Mass Number:
•Protons:
•Neutrons:
•Electrons:
Practice
•Name of Element:
•Atomic Number:
•Atomic Mass:
•Mass Number:
•Protons:
•Neutrons:
•Electrons:
Practice
•Name of Element:
•Atomic Number:
•Atomic Mass:
•Mass Number:
•Protons:
•Neutrons:
•Electrons:
Just How Small Are Atoms?
Isotopes
• Same element with different numbers of
neutrons; therefore, different masses
• EX: Carbon-12
Carbon-14
6
12
C
6
14
C
Practice
• How many neutrons in
Potassium-39
Potassium-41
Fluorine-19
Fluorine-18
Practice
• Ni-60
–Protons?
–Electrons?
–Mass number?
–Neutrons?
Practice
• Magnesium-26
–Protons?
–Electrons?
–Mass number?
–Neutrons?
Practice
•
29
P
–Protons?
–Electrons?
–Mass number?
–Neutrons?
15
Ions
• Charged atom
• Gain or lose 1 or more electrons
• Proton number does not change
Practice
How many electrons in a neutral
atom of Na?
How many protons in Na?
How many electrons in Na +1
Practice
How many electrons in a
neutral atom of S?
How many protons in S?
How many electrons in S
-2?