Dr. Larry Thomas
General Psychology
Learning, Memory & Thinking 31
1) The three processes involved in memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval.
2) The sensory memory system briefly holds a largely accurate reproduction of the original sensory input.
3) The most effective way to keep information in short-tem memory (STM) is by rehearsing it over and over.
4) According to George Miller, the capacity of short-term memory (STM) is about
7 +/-2 pieces of information if the information has been encoded according to how it sounds.
5) The duration (time) limitation of short-term memory (STM) is about 30 seconds.
6) The memories you have of your first day of psychology class this semester are in your long term memory.
7) There is no evidence for any limit to the amount of information that can be stored in long-term memory.
8) Semantic and episodic memory are both included in declarative memory.
9) The semantic memory contains general, non-personal knowledge concerning the meaning of facts and concepts.
10) Recall, recognition and relearning are all ways to test memory.
11) Repeating vocabulary words with their definition and using the vocabulary words in a sentence is an example of elaborative rehearsal.
12) The technique (not method of testing) Ebbinghaus used to study LTM involving the study of the material until mastery is called relearning.
13) Memories that are not available to our conscious awareness are known as implicit memories.
14) When your friend makes you angry you tend to remember all the other times your friend made you angry. This phenomenon is called state-dependent memory.
15) You would most likely have a flashbulb memory of the 9/11 plane crashing into the twin towers.

General Psychology
Test 2 Review
Dr. Thomas
Page 2
16) When people try to remember information that is not consistent with their schemas, they tend to distort facts to fit their schemas.
17) You took two years of French in high school and then two years of German in college. Retroactive interference would account for the observation that you have more difficulty remembering French vocabulary words than German words.
18) Compared to rats reared in a regular laboratory environment, the brains of rats reared in enriched environments would show more dendritic spines and synapses.
19) From the case of HM (discussed in the text), it seems likely that the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in the transferring of information from
STM to LTM.
20) When studying for an exam you should distribute your study over days continuing to recall material after you have mastered the material.
21) When you mentally group objects or events into general cognitive categories, you form a concept.
22) According to the lectures, in order to think you must first have experiences, learning and memory.
23) Fuzzy is another name for a natural concept?
24) The planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
25) Heuristics do not guarantee a correct solution; while algorithms do guarantee a correct solution to a problem, but when they work they tend to allow for more rapid solutions.
26) When we are unable to think of a novel use for a given object that would aid in solving a problem, we experience functional fixedness.
27) As a result of confirmation bias, people might jump to a conclusion incorrectly in attempting to solve a problem because they stop an algorithm prematurely.
28) With inductive reasoning you can never be absolutely certain that you have reached a correct conclusion.
29) Alfred Binet developed the first accepted intelligence test.
30) Infantile amnesia occurs because the hippocampus is not fully developed until about 3 years of age.

General Psychology
Test 2 Review
Dr. Thomas
Page 3
31) Mnemonic methods that improve memory include method of loci, peg-word, systems while distributed study (spacing) also improves memory.
32) Metal organizations that help us understand and interpret the world are schemas.
Also study multiple choice questions in the book and know the theorist of intelligence and their contribution (see table 6.2 on page 208 in your text).