The Internet
ICS4U
Submitted to: Mr. Krnic
By: Danny Shields and Harri Pahirathan
What Will be Covered
Slides
Topic
3-6
History of the Internet
7-8
Infrastructure of the Internet
9-10
Services of The Internet
11-13
Computer Languages
14
Key Terms
15
Conclusion
History and Development
● The origin of the Internet can be traced to the launch of the
first artificial earth satellite. In 1957, the USSR, successfully
launched Sputnik, and the United States of America
responded with ARPA.
● The Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA) was started by
the Department of Defense to establish US supremacy in
science and technology applicable to the
military and it was within ARPA that
the seed for today's Internet was
sowed
1961-1962
● In 1961, Leonard Klienrock presented the first paper on packet-
switching. The concept of being able to transfer data in packets
is the very core of the Internet.
● Around 1962, in a US Governmental agency RAND, Paul Baran
was given the task of creating a super resilient network, which
would allow the US army to communicate, and retain control
over its missiles and bombers, in the event of a nuclear attack.
● His final proposal was a packet-switched network. This
technology involved breaking down the data into packets that
would be transferred from one computer to the other until the
final destination computer was reached, if the destination was
not reached the information was resent.
1971-1975
● Ray Tomlinson in 1971 came up with the
first email program, to send messages across
the network.
● This became an instant hit, with the @ sign
from Tomlinson's Model 33 Teletype still in
use today.
● In 1974, "A Protocol for Packet Network
Interconnection" is published using the term
'Internet‘ for the first time as well as
detailing out TCP.
● In 1975, satellite links connected Hawaii and
UK as the first TCP tests were run through
them by Stanford, BBN and UCLA.
1990s-Present
● The beginning of the 1990s saw the first commercial
provider of Internet dial-up access, world.std.com. Making
the Internet available to everyone.
● The year 1994 saw the arrival of Internet shopping
● The late 90s saw the independent Internet Service Providers
like AT&T, Sprint, BBN planet etc. carrying most of the
Internet traffic on their backbones.
● Finally, the present with the Internet’s influence and usage
increased, and is still increasing, at a mind-boggling rate.
With an estimated 2,405,518,376 Internet users in June
2012, the future is wide open.
Infrastructure Concept
● Internet is a connection of multiple
networks
● Computers connect directly or
through a Local area network (a
group of computers) to an Internet
Service Provider (ISP)
● They connect through Application
ports: Which is a number assigned to
user sessions and
server applications in an IP network.
● ISP: are companies that provide
connection to the Internet e.g.
AT&T, Sprint.
● Since there are multiple different ISP
companies. They connect to each
other through Network Access Points
(NAP) in order to be able to
intercommunicate.
Infrastructure Hardware
● The ISP’s are made up of actual physical buildings
called point of presence (POP) located in each region.
● POP’s contain many modems in which individual
users and networks modems connect
● All of an ISP’s POP’s are connected by a fiber optic
cable backbone to transmit data at high speeds up
to 100 000 mbps as seen in the graphic
● Mbps:(megabits per second)a measure of data
transfer speed. Equal to a million binary (1/0) bits
being transferred per second.
● Network Access Points (NAP)’s are located in cities
connected with routers that are computers that
deliver the data where it needs to go
● IP (Internet Protocol)address: a number separated
by periods that allows the location of your
computer to be pinpointed
● The IP address allows the router to deliver the data
precisely where it needs to go, without causing
unnecessary traffic
Services
The Internet offers
services such as:
● E-mail
● File sharing
● Streaming media
● Gaming
● The World Wide
Web
World Wide Web
● The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of webpages
found on the Internet which allow users to access
immense quantities data and media
● The (WWW) is stored on Web Servers: which are
computers or computer systems that store and deliver
web page data to the client computer
● The World Wide Web is Made possible by:
● Domain Names: Easy to remember names that
correspond to specific IP addresses
● Domain Name Servers (DNS): A server that maintains
domain names and converts them into IP addresses to
access specific resources.
● Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol
that allows computers to communicate. It comes at the
beginning of most website addresses, and signals a
request to receive or transmit files over the Internet.
● Uniform Resource Locater (URL): Is a web address that
specifies the location of a web resource on a computer
network, which allows the resource to be retrieved
Scripting Languages
● Scripting languages are a programming language which is
interpreted at run-time. This means that every time you want
to run the program, a separate program needs to read the
code, interpret it, and then follow the instructions in the code.
● Compiled code is code that has already been interpreted into
machine language, so it is will typically execute faster
because the conversion into machine language has already
been done.
● PHP is an example of a scripting language, PHP: Is freely
available and used primarily on Linux Web servers, in order to
process data inputted onto web pages.
MarkUp Languages
● Markup languages (HTML, XML) are simply a set
of tags that are used to "mark up" text
documents so that sections of text can be
logically arranged and labeled.
● These documents can be viewed as plain text, or,
more commonly, are viewed through a browser.
The browser parses the document, looking for
markup tags, and it then arranges the text and/or
formats it according to the values in the tags.
● Most of the web pages on the WWW are written
using the HTML Markup language, HTML:
Hypertext Markup Language, is a standardized
system for tagging text files to achieve font,
color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World
Wide Web pages.
ActionScript
● ActionScript: An object oriented programming language designed
specifically for website animations.
● Action script is used to create onscreen environments for which the
user can interact, applications such as games and tutorials
● The language is similar to JavaScript JavaScript: is another objectoriented computer programming language which is commonly used
to create interactive effects within web browsers.
● Java script is simplified using jQuery: which is a library designed to
simplify the client side of object oriented programming in HTML.
● Originally released with macromedia Flash 4, derived from another
language called HyperTalk
● ActionScript works with Flash Player
● New versions of both ActionScript and Flash Player are consistently
released by Adobe
Key Terms Review
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ISP:(Internet service provider) is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the
Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting.
Mbps: stands for millions of bits per second or megabits per second and is a measure of bandwidth (the
total information flow over a given time) on a telecommunications medium.
IP addresses: a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the
Internet Protocol to communicate over a network
DNS: Domain Name System, a system for naming computers and network services that is organized into
a hierarchy of domains.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet.
Domain names: the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain.
application ports: TCP/IP port. TCP/IP port. A number assigned to user sessions and
server applications in an IP network.
web servers: are computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and
possibly a domain name.
HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol and is defined as the beginning of most website addresses, used to
signal a request to receive or transmit files over the Internet.
JavaScript: an object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive
effects within web browsers.
PHP: script language and interpreter that is freely available and used primarily on Linux Web servers, in
order to process data inputted onto web pages.
jQuery: cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side of object oriented
programming in HTML.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color,
graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
ActionScript: an object-oriented programming language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. (now
dissolved into Adobe Systems).
Conclusion
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The Internet comes from the conflict between the U.S. and
the U.S.S.R and was created to control armaments, where
the packet-switching network was first introduced
The 70’s saw the creation of email and interconnection of
university networks
The 90’s created the boom in personal Internet use
The Internet involves many physically interconnected
networks
WWW is one of the services of the Internet and is used to
provide data and media from the Internet
The Internet uses scripting and markup languages to
provide content
Markup languages like HTML provide the layout and design
Scripting languages like Action Script and PHP provide web
animations through object oriented programming
Bibliography
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http://forum.roblox.com/Forum/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=42498352
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_services_.html
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