Bellringer—Monday
1. Name the (8) parts of speech
2. What is the difference between primary and
secondary sources?
3. Give an example of a common error you or your
friends make that is considered plagiarism.
Bellringer—Monday
1. Name the (8) parts of speech
2. What is the difference between primary and
secondary sources?
3. Give an example of a common error you or your
friends make that is considered plagiarism.
Nouns
Nouns describe a
• Person
• Place
• Thing
• Idea (abstract)
Ex. Edgar Allen Poe
Jealousy
tomb
kingdom
Pronouns
• Words that take the place of nouns so that
writing isn’t unnecessarily repetitive.
Articles
• A, an, and the
That’s it!!!
Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns by
answering, “what kind, which one,
how many, or how much?”
Cursed kingdom
Beautiful Annabel Lee
• How do we turn nouns into
adjectives? (see video)
Example?
green
love
Plagiarism
• A writer duplicates
another writer’s language
or ideas and then calls the
work his or her own.
• http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=VnTPv9PtOoo
Credible Source
• A credible source is one that is considered
reliable for use in research.
• Watch the video and look for 5 characteristics
of a credible source! (add to your notes!)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehD
QB0
Credible Source
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehD
QB0&feature=related
Primary vs. Secondary Sources
PrimaryExample: letters and journals of Christopher
Columbus
SecondaryA biography, written years later, where the
explorer’s actions are explained and told
why his/her discoveries were important.
PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

Sort the following text types into Primary or
Secondary
Diary telegram photo biography
autobiography song encyclopedias speeches
Letters journals original documents newspaper
articles magazine articles textbooks
Primary
Secondary
PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

How did you do???
Diary telegram photo biography
autobiography song encyclopedias speeches
Letters journals original documents newspaper
articles magazine articles textbooks
Primary
Secondary
Diary telegram photo
Autobiography
songs/recordings
Speech letter journal
Original document
Notes
Biography
Encyclopedia
Newspaper
Magazine article
Textbooks
CREDIBLE SOURCES

Credible sources and civil rights- You Tube
Bibliography and MLA
• A bibliography is…
– a list of sources provided at the conclusion of a
research project, so that a reader may locate your
sources for future study.
• The Modern Language Association (MLA)…
– sets expectations and rules for citing sources so that
we all site sources the same way.
WHY MUST YOU DO A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
• 1. To acknowledge/give credit to sources for any
summarized or paraphrased material
• 2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing
other people’s ideas, not stealing them
• 3. To offer additional information to your readers
who may wish to further pursue your topic
• 4. To give readers an opportunity to check out
your sources for accuracy
• 5. Bibliographies are REQUIRED for ALL academic
papers
WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
•
•
•
•
•
•
AUTHOR
TITLE
PLACE OF PUBLICATION
PUBLISHER
DATE OF PUBLICATION
PAGE NUMBER(S) (For articles from magazines,
journals, periodicals, newspapers, encyclopedias,
or in anthologies).
Bibliography and MLA
Website
1. Title of Page: Children’s Alliance: Child
Obesity
2. Title of Website: Children’s Alliance
3. Date of access: use today’s date
4. URL (Web address):
http://www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/c
hildhood-obesity.cfm
Bibliography and MLA
Magazine Article
1. Author: Carmen Wong Ulrich
2. Article Title: Stop Stressing Over MoneyNow!
3. Magazine Title: Health
4. Date: April 2006
5. Pages: 126-128
Bibliography and MLA
Book
1. Author: Edward Cornish
2. Title: Futuring: The Exploration of the Future
3. City of Publication: Bethesda, Maryland
4. Publisher: World Future Society
5. Date: 2004
Primary vs. Secondary Source
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV7aZiJAB
ag&feature=related
•
GRAMMAR
• Nouns:
http://www.schooltube.com/video/21001073474c
19344891/
• Pronouns:
http://www.schooltube.com/video/cf3e7fff3db76
def26a8/
• Adjectives:
http://www.schooltube.com/video/964198d6a8d9
9911f4dc/
• Articles
Verbs—
http://www.schooltube.com/video/e388bbec8911133a9e35/school%20house%20rock%20ver
b
• A word that expresses action or a state of being
• Action
• ran, played, talking, jump, etc.
• State of Being
• am, is, are, was, were, will, can, etc.
• Remember verb tenses?
• -s, -ed, -ing
Adverbs—
http://www.schooltube.com/video/054c4aca89b412d90612/
• Tells…
• where—(then, now, etc.)
• when—(yesterday, today, etc.))
• how—(successfully, cheerfully, easily, etc.)
• how often—(always, never, daily, etc.))
• how long—(briefly, etc.)
• to what extent—(very, especially, etc.)
• how much—(often, etc.)
• Hint: Many end in –ly (quickly, daily, etc.)
Interjections—
http://www.schooltube.com/video/5eb2d59975159f0343b7/School%20House%20Rock%20%20Interjections
• A word that expresses emotion
• Interjections are usually..
• followed by an exclamation point—Yikes!
• set off by a comma—Well,…
• set off by two commas—I’d guess, oh, two
pounds.
Conjunctions—
http://www.schooltube.com/video/9d37200dbcb55fe20cfc/School%20House%20Rock%20%20Conjunction%20Junction%20(Grammar%20Rock)
• A word that joins words or word groups
• Two types:
• Coordinating (, conjunction)—FANBOYS
• Ex: My dog is afraid, so he is hiding under
the bed.
• Correlative/Subordinate—Glue words
• Ex: Since we played outside, we were tired.
• Ex: We were tired because we played
outside.
Prepositions—
http://www.schooltube.com/video/2163c5107660f0348ed2/Grammar%20Rock%20
Preposition
• A word that shows the relationship of a noun or
pronoun to another word
• Hint: anywhere a mouse can go! (above,
through, over, past, into, in, inside, etc.)
• Other examples—according to, from, out of,
throughout, without
Example:
The waves crashed…under, on, against, in front
of the rocks.
Begin sentence types and
sentence errors!
Practice quiz—class set
Sentence Fragment
Starting with pg. 4
Missing a:
 Subject OR
 Verb OR
 Not a complete thought
Fused Run-on sentence:
 (2) complete sentences without
any punctuation
 Add a semicolon
 Add a , conjunction
 Add a period
Comma Splice Run-on sentence:
 Inserting a comma between (2)
complete sentences---WRONG!
Simple Sentence:
Starting on pg. 3
 one independent clause
 no subordinate clauses
Compound Sentence:
 two or more independent
clauses
 no subordinate clauses
Complex Sentence:
 one independent clause
 at least one subordinate
clause.
Compound-Complex Sentence:
 two or more independent
clauses
 at least one subordinate
clause.
Whose voice guides your
choice?
Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002
Propaganda techniques
What is Propoganda?
Propaganda is the use of
facts, ideas, or claims to
persuade people to support
a particular opinion.
The trick: author’s only
provide facts and opinions
that support their view.
Propaganda is …
… form of communication
… aimed at swaying or
influencing your attitude
Experts vs.Big
Names
Experts? Professionals with
specialized knowledge
Big Names? Famous,
Example: Former U.S.
president Bill Clinton
thinks that junk food
should be taken out of
vending machines.
Big name or
expert?
Quoting Experts
• Experts are professionals who work and or
study a specific topic or area of knowledge.
• Often includes physicians, lawyers,
professors, researchers and analysts.
Big Names
• Insert celebrity Ad
Statistics
Factual information told in
numbers or some measurable
way.
Example: A
Snickers bar has
280 calories and 30
grams of sugar.
That’s not very
healthy.
Emotional Appeal/Loaded
Words
The use of words that evoke strong
emotional responses.
Compassionate moms
who love their babies
choose B diapers.
Gentle fibers nurture a
baby’s skin.
Emotional
Appeal/Loaded language
Specific words or images intended to
connect a reader’s emotional response to a
persuasion topic.
(sad puppy= adoption ads)
Example: Your generous
donation might just get
this puppy off the
street and into a safe
home.
Emotional words example:
luxury, beautiful, paradise, economical
Used to evoke positive feelings
Flag (patriotism)
Fun
Happiness
Glittering Generalities
• Similar to
emotional appeal,
language that works
hard to play on
your emotions, but
isn’t always logical.
“Pure,
fresh, mountain
spring water. Bottled
especially for you in Utah
from only our purest
mountain springs.”
What seems a bit
“illogical” to you?
Glittering Generality
example:
Gatorade: "Life is a
sport, drink it up!“
That sounds good,
but what does it
mean??
Repetition
A repeated phrase
used to create a
desired effect--sometimes with the
help of sound devices “You'll never put a
such as alliteration or better bit of butter
on your knife."
assonance.
~ Country Life
Butter slogan
Research
The use of scientific “study” to
form facts and gather info
Example: According to
Dr. Spock, a
representative from ABC
Medical Center, a recent
study found that
students who watch TV
during the week don’t do
as well in school.
Bandwagon
Strategy that insists that
“everybody’s doing it”—that the
audience should join the
“majority”
8 out of ten college
athletes depend on Z
sports drink to quench
their thirst during the
game.
Testimonial
Relies on the “story” or
“experience” of an individual
with whom the audience can
identify.
Example: It’s easy. It’s
fast. It feels good!
And now, thanks to my
purchase, I can shake it
up at home where it’s
convenient,”
What is Bias?
• Bias is an unfair prejudice about someone
or something.
• It doesn’t allow for exceptions.
• It usually shows extreme favor or disfavor
for a product, group, etc.
Examples of Bias
• Individuals that wear all black?
• Others based on appearance? (What types of
judgments do we place on certain styles of dress
and appearance?)
• Bias based on ethnicity? (What things do we
pretend to know about certain races or cultural
groups?)
• Gender? (What do or can all girls do? Boys? How
do boys act? Girls?)
• Geographic locations (like Kentuckians)
Relevant vs. Irrelevant
Relevant
“logical” argument
Info that is practical and supports a claim
well
Irrelevant
Off topic
Has claims that are unrelated
Let’s practice Persuasive terms on
the back of the practice quiz handout!
Claim/Thesis
Statement of your argument.
Example: I am going to
try to convince you that
chocolate is a healthy
snack.
Thesis Statement Format
Opposing side, my opinion
because three reasons.
Although it is popular in some states,
nuclear power is not a reliable power
source because it is dangerous, it is
more expensive than the alternatives,
and it causes pollution.
Example of a thesis statement:
A. Topic: nuclear power
B. Opposing View: Nuclear power is a popular in
some places.
C. Opinion: Nuclear power is a not an reliable
power source .
D. 3 Reasons
1.It is potentially dangerous
2. It is more expensive than other alternatives.
3. It causes water, land and air pollution.
Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a
reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more
expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
Now…write this example and
label it!
Opposing side, my opinion
because three reasons.
Although it is popular in some states,
nuclear power is not a reliable power
source because it is dangerous, it is
more expensive than the alternatives,
and it causes pollution.
Thesis statement = A+B+C + D
Although it is popular in some states, nuclear
power is not a reliable power source because
it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the
alternatives, and it causes pollution.
Thesis---Let’s Try this…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Topic : Keep Study Hall or Get Rid of
Opposing Opinion:
My opinion:
Three Reasons
-
Main idea
Main idea of the entire passage
Topic sentences:
States the topic of each paragraph
Points 1 2 and 3 from thesis
statement
Supporting Details:
Stay on topic and support your thesis
statement/topic sentences
Main Idea? Detail? Not
Supporting Detail?
1. ______A study at one prison show that owning a pet can change a
hardened prison inmate into a more caring person.
2. ______Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living
alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when
they were given pets to care for.
3. ______These animals are certainly helpful to mental illness, but require
a lot of care, money, and maintenance.
4. ______ Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to
smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy t o hold.
5. ______ Animals, then, can be a means of therapy for many kinds of
individuals.
Transitions - SORT THESE!
First, similarly, on the other hand, therefore, consequently,
finally, eventually, likewise, however, even though,
although, Later, as a result,
Sequence
Compare
Contrast
Cause and Effect
Formal vs. Informal?
• See video
• Letter editing activity (handout—class set)
Redundant
• Repetitive (repeating yourself over and over!)
Reading Strategies & Informational
Text—starting with page 1
 Inference is an educated guess. Every good
inference needs evidence from the text to
support it.
 Objective Summary: For a story, you should
retell the plot elements. For Nonfiction, retell
the main idea plus some major details.
Informational Reading
 MAIN IDEA- Central idea of the entire passage—every
paragraph has to support the main idea
 STATED- Main idea is written directly in the article. It is
usually the first sentence but can be anywhere in the
paragraph. (Same as topic sentence)
 IMPLIED- Main idea is found by reading each sentence and
deciding what major idea the author is trying to teach you
using these sentences.
Summary vs. Paraphrase
 Summarize- Use the basic idea of a source, but make
the summarized idea shorter and in your own words.
 Paraphrasing- Use the basic idea, but change the
language and the order of the words. The idea and
length do not change.
What activities make these concepts important? (Think
back to what we’ve written this year)
Author’s Purpose
 Persuade—advertisement, editorial, speech
 Inform—encyclopedia, textbook, documentary
 Entertain—movie, comic books, fiction stories,
poetry
Text Structures:
 Sequence/Chronological Order—steps Ex. Recipes,
directions, timelines first, lastly,
 Compare/Contrast—finds similarities and differences
between (2) things on the other hand, however
Ex: “Flipped,” Poetry O.R.Q.
 Problem/solution—states a problem and offers a solution
 Cause/effect—gives the causes of an issue and its effects
 Process/Procedure--how to do something
Verb Tense
 Describes when an action or state of being took place.
Parallel Structures:
 Keep the sentence the same tense when listing
 Maintain the same structure in sentences!
 Stacy enjoys the park, riding horses, and does painting.
 Why is the example wrong?
 Write a sentence in present tense
 Write a sentence in past tense
 Write a sentence in future tense
WARNING- Effort today may lead to a
successful final exam
Part 133. Sentence types
34. Sentence Errors
35. Redundancy
36. Transitions
41. Commas
A, B, C, D, and E
42. Colons
43. Semi-colons
44. Dashes
45. Quotation Marks
46. STOP
If a term or item has an
explanation next to it, note it
PLUS at least one example
exercise! Take this practice
seriously, and tomorrow, you’ll be
glad you did!