PROJECT SCOPE, SCHEDULE,
AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
TRIPLE CONSTRAINTS
Project Management Triple Constraints or “Iron Triangle” is a
model of constraints of project management
PROJECT SCOPE MANAGEMET
SCOPE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Collect Requirements: Determining and
documenting stakeholder needs
Define Scope: Developing detailed description of
project and product
Create WBS: Subdividing project deliverables and
project work into smaller, more manageable parts
WORK BREAKDOWN
STRUCTURE
(WBS)
WHAT IS WBS?
Project Management Inctitute (PMI) defines
WBS as:
“A hierarchical decomposition of the total
scope of work to be carried out by the project
team to accomplish the project objectives
and create the required deliverables”
WHAT IS WBS?
Wikipedia defines WBS as:
“A work breakdown structure (WBS), in project
management and systems engineering, is a
deliverable oriented decomposition of a project
into smaller components. It defines and groups a
project's discrete work elements in a way that
helps organize and define the total work scope
of the project.”
“A work breakdown structure element may be
a product, data, service, or any combination.”
WBS TYPES
Approaches to break activities into detail by:
Product component approach
Examples: Design documents, manuals, the running
system
Functional approach
Analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing,
delivery, reviews
Geographical area
Examples: TUM team, CMU team, off-shore team, ...
Organizational approach
Research, product development, marketing, sales
WBS LEVELS
Each level of WBS represents an increasingly
detailed definition of project
WBS lays out the individual elements that will
construct the project
Each element must be numbered
Lowest level elements are called “Work
Packages”
WBS LEVELS AND NUMBERING
Major project deliverables or activities are identified
Codes assigned to each WBS component
Level 0 - project itself
Level 1 - major deliverables
Level 2 - individual components of each
deliverable
Etc.
Final level – work package
WBS NUMBERING SYSTEM
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.2.1
1.3.1
1.2.2
1.3.2
1.2.3
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
The project is the
overall project under
development
Deliverables are
major project
components
Sub-deliverables are
supporting deliverables
Work Packages are individual
project activities
05-11
PRODUCT WBS
PROCESS WBS
WBS PURPOSE
Project Scope: Shows all project activities that will
be necessary to do
Project Chart: Project organization shows structural
hierarchy of project team. WBS shows structural
hierarchy of project work to be done
Project Time & Cost Estimation: Work packages are
used to estimate time & cost, and they are rolled-up
(aggregated) upwards
Project Measurement & Control: Each work package
is assigned a cost account, and its status is tracked
WBS DESIGN
Top-Down
Bottom-Up
Both Top-Down & Bottom-Up
Rolling Wave – greater decomposition occurs
as project components becomes more defined
over time
Each level should contain around +/- 7
elements
WORK PACKAGE
Work packages should contain activities
that are short in duration (1 or 2 weeks)
Work package activities can be completed
by an individual or a small team
All work packages should be similar in size
or effort needed unless work package is
being outsourced to another company
WBS REPRESENTATION
Organization Chart (Tree-Structued like in
previous examples)
Indented List
Bubble-Chart
PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT
TIME MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Define Activities: Identify specific actions to be
performed to produce project deliverables
Sequence Activities: Identifying relationships
among project activities
Estimate Activity Resources: Estimate type of
quantities of material, human resources,
equipment, or supplies to perform each activity
Estimate Activity Durations: Estimate number of
hours to complete each activity
Develop Schedule: Analyze activity sequences,
durations, resource requirements, and schedule
constraints to create schedule model
DEFINE ACTIVITIES
Break down work packages into activities
that provide a basis for estimating,
scheduling, executing, monitoring, and
controlling
Activity definitions include description,
name, identifier, WBS (Work Package) ID,
predessor & successor activities, leads &
lags, resource requirements, imposed dates,
constraints, and assumptions, person
responsible, etc.
ACTIVITIES IN MS PROJECT