Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Early English Settlements
Section 2: New England Colonies
Section 3: Middle Colonies
Section 4: Southern Colonies
Visual Summary
Early English Settlements
Essential Question Why did the English settle
in North America?
New England Colonies
Essential Question Why did the Separatists
and Puritans leave England and settle in North
America?
Middle Colonies
Essential Question How did the Middle
Colonies develop?
Southern Colonies
Essential Question How and why did the
Southern Colonies grow?
Why did the English settle in North
America?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• charter
• headright
• joint-stock
company
• burgesses
Academic Vocabulary
• expand
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Sir Francis Drake
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• Captain John Smith
• Pocahontas
• House of Burgesses
Which would be more important to
you—helping to settle a new colony
or remaining in your home country?
A. Settle a new colony
B. Remaining home
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
England in America
After defeating the Spanish Armada,
England became more interested in
establishing colonies in North
America.
England in America (cont.)
• Trading rivalries and religious differences
pushed England and Spain toward war for
years.
• English adventurers, such as Sir Francis
Drake, attacked Spanish ships and ports.
• The defeat of the Spanish Armada marked
the end of Spanish control of the seas and
cleared the way for England to start colonies
in North America.
Early English Settlements
England in America (cont.)
• The first group of settlers sent by Sir Walter
Raleigh returned to England after a hard
winter on Roanoke Island.
• The second group of settlers disappeared
from Roanoke Island and was never found.
Who was the ruler of England when
the Spanish and English were at war
in the 1500s?
A. King James
0%
D
0%
A
D. King Philip II
A
B
C
0%
D
C
C. Queen Mary
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Queen Elizabeth
Jamestown Settlement
The first permanent English
settlement in North America was at
Jamestown.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
• In 1606 several groups of merchants sought
charters from King James I in order to
establish colonies in North America.
• The Virginia Company, a joint-stock
company, established Jamestown.
• Captain John Smith helped the company
survive its first two years.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
• Relations with Native Americans improved
after a colonist married Pocahontas, the
daughter of Chief Powhatan.
• Land ownership was expanded when the
Virginia Company gave a headright of 50
acres to settlers who paid their own way to
the colony.
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)
• The House of Burgesses first met in 1619.
The burgesses were representatives of the
colony’s towns.
• In 1624 King James canceled the charter
and made Jamestown England’s first royal
colony in America.
The colony of Virginia began to
prosper due to which crop?
A. Tobacco
B. Maize
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Squash
B
C. Wheat
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
Why did the Separatists and Puritans
leave England and settle in North
America?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• dissent
• Pilgrim
• Puritan
• Mayflower Compact
• Separatist
• Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
Academic Vocabulary
• policy
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• William Bradford
• Squanto
• John Winthrop
• Roger Williams
Have you and a friend ever disagreed
so much on an issue that you
considered ending your friendship?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Religious Freedom
To practice their religion more freely,
a group of Separatists established
the Plymouth colony of North
America.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
• Many people in England were unhappy with
the Anglican Church, dissented, and then
were persecuted for their beliefs.
– The Protestants who wanted to reform the
Anglican Church were called Puritans.
– Those who wanted to leave and set up
their own churches were called
Separatists.
Religious Freedom (cont.)
• The Separatists who journeyed to North
America were called Pilgrims because their
journey had a religious purpose.
• The Pilgrims, led by William Bradford, drew
up the Mayflower Compact—the first step
in the development of representative
government in the new American colonies.
The Mayflower
Religious Freedom (cont.)
• The Pilgrims might not have survived without
the help of two Native Americans—Squanto
and Samoset.
Squanto and Samoset did NOT help the
Pilgrims do which of the following?
A. Grow crops
B. Build a town
0%
D
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
A
D. Make peace with the
Wampanoag people
B
C. Find where to hunt
and fish
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
New Settlements
To escape religious persecution in
England, thousands of Puritans
migrated to North America and set
up new colonies.
New Settlements (cont.)
• Tired of religious persecution, a group of
Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1629 and traveled to Boston.
– John Winthrop was the colony’s
governor.
New Settlements (cont.)
• More than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to
Massachusetts in the Great Migration to
escape religious persecution and economic
hard times in England.
• In 1639 the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and
Wethersfield formed a colony and adopted a
plan of government called the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut.
New Settlements (cont.)
• Roger Williams and other colonists who
were forced out of Massachusetts settled
Rhode Island and established a policy of
religious toleration.
• Many conflicts, such as King Philip’s War,
arose between the Native American people
and the settlers.
Puritans were very tolerant of
different religious beliefs.
A. True
B. False
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
How did the Middle Colonies
develop?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• patroon
• proprietary colony
• pacifist
Academic Vocabulary
• ethnic
• function
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Duke of York
• William Penn
• Quakers
If you were given the gift of a large sum of
money, how likely would you be to share it
with your friends and family?
A. Very likely
0%
D
0%
A
D. Very unlikely
C
C. Somewhat unlikely
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
B
B. Somewhat likely
England and the Colonies
After seizing the Dutch colony of
New Netherland, the English
renamed the colony New York and
formed the New Jersey colony.
England and the Colonies (cont.)
• Between the two groups of English-run
colonies in North America were lands that
the Dutch controlled.
• The Dutch West India Company offered
large estates—run by patroons—to anyone
who could bring at least 50 settlers to work
the land.
England and the Colonies (cont.)
• After the English defeated the Dutch forces
in New Amsterdam, King Charles II gave this
proprietary colony to his brother, the Duke
of York, who renamed it New York.
England and the Colonies (cont.)
• The Duke of York gave the southern part of
his colony to Lord John Berkeley and Sir
George Carteret, who named this area of
land New Jersey.
– Like New York, New Jersey was a place of
ethnic and religious diversity.
The Middle Colonies
In which colony did the first Jews
settle in America?
A. New Jersey
B. Virginia
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. New York
B
C. Maryland
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
Pennsylvania
William Penn founded the colony of
Pennsylvania and designed the city
of Philadelphia.
Pennsylvania (cont.)
• William Penn saw Pennsylvania as a “holy
experiment,” a chance to put his Quaker
ideals into practice.
– Quakers were pacifists and believed that
everyone was equal.
The Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania (cont.)
• Penn designed Philadelphia himself and
wrote Pennsylvania’s first constitution.
• The Charter of Privileges allowed the lower
counties of Pennsylvania, run by the
Swedes, to function as a separate colony
known as Delaware.
The Middle Colonies
Whom did William Penn believe
rightfully owned the land where he
planned to build Philadelphia?
A. The English
0%
D
0%
C
D. The Swedes
B
C. The Native Americans
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
A
B. The Dutch
How and why did the Southern
Colonies grow?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• indentured
servant
• constitution
• tenant farmer
• mission
• debtor
Academic Vocabulary
• estate
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
• Nathaniel Bacon
• James Oglethorpe
• Louis Joliet
• Jacques Marquette
• René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
If you were given the responsibility of writing a
constitution for a new state, which of the
following would be the most important to
include?
A. A bill of rights
0%
D
C
D. A clear process on how to
amend the constitution
B
C. A plan for the division of land
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
B. Responsibilities of
the government
Maryland and Virginia
While Maryland grew and dealt with
Protestant-Catholic conflicts,
Virginia settlers continued to push
westward.
Maryland and Virginia (cont.)
• Some people were forced to go work in the
colonies, such as English criminals and
prisoners of war, African slaves, and
indentured servants.
• Maryland arose from the dream of Sir
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who
wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics
who were being persecuted in England.
Slavery in Colonial America
Maryland and Virginia (cont.)
• Calvert’s son, Cecilius, gave large estates to
English aristocrats.
• Protestant settlers outnumbered Catholics
and in 1692 the Anglican Church became
the official church in Maryland.
The Southern Colonies
Maryland and Virginia (cont.)
• Nathaniel Bacon opposed the colonial
government’s pledge to stay out of Native
American territory and led attacks on Native
American villages in 1676.
The Southern Colonies
The Mason-Dixon line separates which
two states?
A. New Jersey and Pennsylvania
B. New York and Pennsylvania
0%
0%
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
D
C
D. Delaware and Pennsylvania
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
C. Maryland and Pennsylvania
The Carolinas and Georgia
The Carolinas and Georgia
developed into major Southern
Colonies.
The Carolinas and Georgia (cont.)
• In 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary
colony called Carolina.
• John Locke wrote a constitution for the
colony that covered topics such as land
divisions and social ranking.
Founding the Thirteen Colonies
The Carolinas and Georgia (cont.)
• However, in 1729, Carolina became two
royal colonies—North Carolina and South
Carolina.
• Georgia was founded by James
Oglethorpe, who received a charter for a
colony where debtors and poor people
could make a fresh start.
Which two crops came to dominate
Carolina agriculture?
A. Tobacco and corn
B. Rice and indigo
0%
D
C
B
D. Oranges and strawberries
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
C. Maize and squash
The French and Spanish in North
America
The French and Spanish expanded
their lands in North America.
The French and Spanish in North
America (cont.)
• In the 1670s, two Frenchmen—Louis Joliet
and Jacques Marquette—explored the
Mississippi River by canoe.
• A few years later, René-Robert Cavelier,
Sieur de La Salle, followed the Mississippi
River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico and
claimed the region for France, calling it
Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV.
The French and Spanish in North
America (cont.)
• French settlement in North America
advanced slowly.
– Estate holders received land in return for
bringing tenant farmers.
• To protect its claims in America, Spain sent
soldiers, missionaries, and settlers into
present-day New Mexico.
The French and Spanish in North
America (cont.)
• Spanish priests built a string of missions
along the Pacific coast that helped the
Spanish claim California.
• Rivalries between European nations carried
over into the Americas.
Who had better relations with the
Native Americans than any other
Europeans?
A. English
0%
D
0%
A
D. Dutch
A
B
C
0%
D
C
C. Spanish
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. French
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charter
a document that gives the holder the
right to organize settlements in an
area
joint-stock company
a company in which investors buy
stock in the company in return
for a share of its future profits
headright
a 50-acre grant of land given to
colonial settlers who paid their own
way
burgess
elected representative to an assembly
expand
to increase in size or scope
dissent
disagreement with or opposition
to an opinion
Puritans
Protestants who, during the 1600s,
wanted to reform the Anglican Church
Separatists
Protestants who, during the 1600s,
wanted to leave the Anglican Church
in order to found their own churches
Pilgrim
Separatist who journeyed to the
colonies during the 1600s for a
religious purpose
Mayflower Compact
a formal document, written in 1620,
that provided law and order to the
Plymouth colony
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
the first written plan for a government
in America
policy
plan of action
patroon
landowner in the Dutch colonies who
ruled like a king over large areas of
land
proprietary colony
colony run by individuals or groups to
whom land was granted
pacifist
person opposed to the use of war or
violence to settle disputes
ethnic
pertaining to a group sharing a
common culture
function
operate
indentured servant
laborer who agreed to work without
pay for a certain period of time in
exchange for passage to America
constitution
a list of fundamental laws to support a
government
debtor
person or country that owes money
tenant farmer
farmer who works land owned by
another and pays rent either in cash
or crops
mission
religious settlement
estate
property; land
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