“New England Colonies”
New England Colonies
The Voyage of the Mayflower
►In the early 1500s, King Henry VIII broke
away from the Catholic Church and
established the Church of England. He
made it the official Church, and it was
under his control.
*Some Protestant Reformers ruled after King Henry VIII (like Queen Elizabeth),
but the Church of England is reestablished when King James takes the
throne.
In the early 1600s, a religious group
called the Separatists called for a total
break from the Church of England
because they thought it was too much
like the Catholic Church.
The Pilgrims
The Pilgrims were a Separatist group. They were
treated badly by King James. To escape his
harshness, they fled to Holland. Eventually,
they approached the Virginia Company and
asked if they could settle in America. The
Company gave them land on the eastern coast
of North America.
In 1620, in a ship called the Mayflower, the
Pilgrims landed on the Massachusetts coast.
They landed in an area that John Smith
mapped and called New England. They landed
on a site that had been named Plymouth.
The Pilgrims
Establishing a government
►The
Pilgrims landed outside the limits of the
Virginia Company, and their charter did not
apply. They knew they needed order, so the
men aboard signed an agreement called the
Mayflower Compact.
In the Mayflower Compact, the men vowed to
obey laws agreed upon for the good of the
colony. They also agreed to majority rule.
►*This helped to establish the idea of selfgovernment and majority rule.
The Mayflower Compact
► The
The Pilgrims Found Plymouth
Pilgrims at Plymouth also endured a starving
time. The first winter, half of the Pilgrims died.
► The Pilgrims had angered the Native Americans by
taking their corn. Squanto, a Native American,
served as an interpreter between the Pilgrims and
the Native Americans. He helped them to
negotiate a peace treaty and showed them how to
plant, hunt, and fish.
► Sometime in the fall, the Plymouth settlement
celebrated the blessings of a good harvest by
holding a 3-day feast. It was the 1st Thanksgiving.
This Thanksgiving represented the peace that
existed between the Native Americans and the
settlers.
The
st
1
Thanksgiving
In 1863, President Lincoln made Thanksgiving an official U.S. holiday
The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay
Between 1630-1640, a religious group called
the Puritans left England to escape the bad
treatment of King James I. They were
different from the Separatists because they
did not want to “separate” from the Church
of England. The Puritans wanted to “purify”
its practices
Many Puritans invested in the Massachusetts
Bay Company, and in 1629 they received a
royal charter to settle land in New England.
The Puritans left for the Americas by the
thousands. Their leaving became known as
the Great Migration. They settled in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Puritans
Establishing a colony
The Puritans were well
prepared and did not
suffer through a starving
time.
John Winthrop was the
colony’s Puritan
governor. He stated that
the new colony would
be a common wealth,
which is a community in
which people work
together for the good of
the whole.
John Winthrop
The Government
The main unit of the commonwealth was the
congregation, which is a group of people who
belong to the same church. Each Puritan
congregation set up its own town. In each
town, people gathered in the meeting house for
town meetings. Town meetings are a form of
self-government in which people made laws
and other decisions for the community.
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, only male
church members could vote or hold office. They
elected representatives to a lawmaking body
called the General Court. The General Court
chose the governor.
The New England Way
► By
law, everyone had to attend
church services. At these
services, the “New England
Way” was used to describe their
beliefs and their society. They
did not have much leisure time.
They believed God required
them to work long and hard at
their craft.
► By law, all children were
required to learn to read
because the Puritans wanted
everyone to read the Bible.
Connecticut
► Some
Puritan congregations set up new
colonies. In 1636, Thomas Hooker moved his
congregation to the Connecticut Valley.
► They wrote and adopted the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut. These laws were a
constitution. They extended voting rights to
non church members and limited the power of
the governor. They expanded the idea of
representative government.
► *representative government- people elect
officials to represent them.
Thomas Hooker
Challenges to Puritan leaders
► Roger
Williams- minister in
Salem, Massachusetts; he
opposed forcing people to
go to church and opposed
colonists taking Native
American land by force. The
General Court forced
Williams to leave the
colony.
► Williams fled south and
founded the colony of
Rhode Island, which
guaranteed religious
freedom and separation of
church and state.
Challenges to Puritan leaders
► Anne
Hutchinson
believed a person
could worship God
without the help of a
church, minister, or
Bible. She challenged
church authority. She
was forced to leave
Massachusetts, and
she fled to Rhode
Island.
Challenges to Puritan leaders
Quakers- name came
from the phrase,
“tremble (quake) at
the word of the Lord.”
They did not believe
ministers or the bible
were needed to know
the Lord. They
believed in treating the
Native Americans
fairly. They were
whipped, imprisoned,
and hanged, so many
left for Rhode Island.
Quakers being led to execution
King Philip’s War
Cause: Europeans believed land could be
owned by individuals
BUT
Native Americans believed land belonged
to everyone
*This conflict develops into warfare.
1675- 1676: Puritan colonies fought a
brutal war with Native Americans. This
was known as King Philip’s War.
(King Philip- English name given to Metacom, leader of
the Wampanoag)
King Philip’s War
Results of King Philip’s War
1. The Wampanoag lost.
2. Many were killed, and
others were sold into
slavery in the West
Indies. Those who
remained lost their
land and were forced
to become laborers.
3. English settlers
expanded even further
onto Native American
land.
The Salem Witchcraft Trials
► Changes
in the society in Puritan New
England led to an atmosphere of fear and
suspicion.
► The witch hunts began in 1692. The church
saw the trials as a sign from God for the
village to return to a strict Puritan lifestyle.
► Hysteria spread through Salem. Those
accused were forced to name other witches.
More than 100 people were arrested and
tried, and 20 were put to death. This panic
was short, and Salem came to its senses.
► * This showed that societies can create
scapegoats for their problems.
The Salem Witch Trials
Chapter 3-3
“Founding the Middle and
Southern Colonies”
► The
The Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They were in
“the middle”- south of New England and
north of the Chesapeake region.
► Religious freedom attracted many groupsProtestants, Catholics, Quakers, and Jews.
► They were located on the Hudson and
Delaware rivers. The river valleys had rich
soil and mild winters. These conditions were
favorable for farming and raising livestock.
The Middle Colonies
New Netherland Becomes New York
► The
Dutch financed by the Dutch West India
Company, founded the colony of New
Netherland. To attract more settlers, the Dutch
West India Company used the patroon system.
► Patroon- A person who brought 50 settlers to
New Netherland. As a reward, the patroon
received a large land grant. He also received
special privileges in hunting, fishing, and fur
trading on his land.
► Many different kinds of people settled in New
Netherland.
New Netherland Becomes New York
England’s King Charles II decided that
his brother, the Duke of York, should
drive the Dutch out of New
Netherland. The Dutch colony was a
threat to England (English colonies in
New England were to the north and
Virginia was to the south.)
The Dutch surrendered to the English,
and New Netherland became the
proprietary colony of New York.
The Duke of York was now the
proprietor, or owner of the colony.
* Proprietary colony- colony with a
single owner
William Penn
► The
Duke of York became the
largest single landowner in
America. He gave part of New
Jersey to his friends.
► William Penn- another large
landowner in America. He
joined the Quakers. King
Charles II, who owed the Penn
family money, paid them by
giving William Penn a large
piece of land in America that
came to be called
Pennsylvania.
William Penn
William Penn
► Penn
created a colony where
Quakers could live according to
their beliefs. They believed people
should live in peace and harmony.
They welcomed different religions
and ethnic groups. Penn extended
religious equality and freedom to
all. Pennsylvania became one of
the wealthiest of the American
colonies.
► Penn granted the 3 lower counties
of Delaware their own assembly.
The counties later broke away and
formed the colony of Delaware.
The Southern Colonies
►The
new southern colonies were
Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
► The soil and climate here were
suitable for warm-weather crops like
tobacco, rice, and indigo.
The Southern Colonies
Maryland
► Lord
Baltimore established Maryland in
1632 for Roman Catholics fleeing
persecution in England. To attract settlers
who were not Catholic, Lord Baltimore
promised religious freedom when Maryland
passed the Toleration Act.
► Maryland based its economy on tobacco
which requires a lot of work to harvest.
Every 3 or 4 years, the tobacco used up the
nutrients in the soil, and more land had to
be cleared. Most laborers were servants or
slaves. There were few women here.
Maryland
Settling of Maryland
Lord Baltimore
The Carolinas
► The
Carolinas were founded in 1663. Carolina’s
colonists needed laborers to grow rice and indigo.
Wars often broke out between the settlers and
local Native Americans because the English
settlers were enslaving Native Americans and
taking tribal lands.
► Carolina’s proprietors or owners refused to send
help to stop a threatened Spanish attack. As a
result, the colonists overthrew the colony’s
proprietary rule. Carolina became a royal colony,
and then it was ruled by governor’s who were
appointed by the king. The colony was divided
into North and South Carolina.
Georgia
► In
1732, James Oglethorpe
founded Georgia as refuge for
people who were in debt. In
1739, during a war between
Spain and England, the
Spanish tried to force the
English out of Georgia, but
they were unsuccessful. All
religions were welcome here.
► Oglethorpe set strict rules that
upset the colonists. In
response, the king made
Georgia a royal colony in 1752.
By the early 1700s, there were 13 English
colonies along the eastern coast of North
America.