Emerging Technology Services
Green Offerings:
An IBM Overview
Dr Peter Waggett
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Why should clients care?
Is climate change happening and is human activity the
cause?
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| 9th August 2007
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Why should clients care?
Climate change is happening and human activity is (at
minimum) one of the ‘causes’…
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th
Assessment Report 2007 www.ipcc.ch
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
IBM: A Longstanding Commitment
 Publicly committed to environmental leadership for decades
 First corporate environmental policy established by its CEO 36 years ago (in 1971),
followed by corporate energy conservation policy in 1974
 Global Environmental Management System covers all intersections between IBM and
the environment

1st company to earn a single global registration to ISO 14001 (10 years ago in 1997)
 Publicly disclosed environmental performance each year for 17 years in a row (since
1990) via a voluntary corporate environmental report

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Made possible by global environmental management system (can't report unless you're already measuring
and managing)
| 9th August 2007
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Who is affected how?
Legislation
Aim of UK Policy on Climate Change is:
 Putting a price on Carbon through:
 Emissions trading
 Taxation
 Regulation
 Technology transformation
 Mobilising behaviour change
Main Business measures are:
 Energy White Paper – incentives, market confidence, accelerate transition to low carbon
economy.
 Climate Change Bill – targets and budgets, enabling powers – e.g. to introduce emissions trading
quickly, reporting.
 EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading Scheme), Climate Change Levy and Climate
Change Agreements – largest emitters (generating companies and heavy industry)
 Carbon Reduction Commitment – all companies with electricity bill over £250K by 2010.
Affects different organisations in different ways, but ALL of our clients
will be affected by 2010 at the very latest…
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Show me the money…
We plan to spend $8bn over the next 10 years
- to build a range of low carbon assets and
within 10 years deliver carbon dioxide
emissions reductions equivalent to those
currently emitted by a city the size of Chicago.
CITI Targets $50Bn over 10years to address
global climate change; includes significant
increase in investment and financing of
alternative energy, clean technology and other
Carbon Emissions Reduction activities
Ford in UK to Invest at least £1Bn on reducing
emissions and fuel consumption technologies,
it marks the largest environmental investment
by a carmaker in UK
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Plan A - £200M investment; We'll aim to make
our UK and Irish operations carbon neutral
within 5 years. We'll maximise our use of
renewable energy and only use offsetting as a
last resort.
Virgin Group founder Richard Branson
will spend $3Bn in the next 10 years on
a variety of projects to combat global
warming and reduce dependence on
fossil fuels.
Under a program to cut costs and reduce
carbon emissions from its light-duty fleet
by 15 percent, the British Government will
spend $1.33Bn to replace 78,000
vehicles. Fifteen manufacturers will
supply cars over the next four years. The
cost will be shared by 38 government
departments.
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Energy & Climate: Early Action and Results
CO2 Emissions Reduction
 Documented baseline for energy conservation and CO2 emissions reduction
goes back to 1990. From 1990 through 2006, IBM’s energy conservation
actions:

Conserved 4.5 billion kWhrs of electricity

Avoided approximately 3 million metric tons of CO2 emissions (equivalent to 44% of the
company’s 1990 emissions)

Saved $290 million
PFC Emissions Reduction
 Led voluntary efforts to reduce PFC emissions from semiconductor
manufacturing
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
Reduced PFC emissions 55% from 2000-2006

1st semiconductor manufacturer to announce numeric goal for reducing PFC emissions (1998)
| 9th August 2007
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Energy & Climate: Early Action and Results (cont.)
Renewable Energy
 Significantly increased procurement of renewable energy
 11 million kWhrs in 2001
 368 million kWhrs in 2006 (7.4% of IBM’s global electricity purchases)
 272 million kWhrs of renewable energy
 96 million kWhrs of RECs
Employee Mobility
 Pioneer of employee telecommuting and work-at-home programs
 Helps employees balance demands of work and life
 Nearly 1/3 of global workforce participates (>100,000 employees)
 Conserved approximately 8 million gallons of fuel and avoided over 68,000 tons of CO2
emissions in the U.S. alone in 2006
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Energy & Climate: Looking Ahead
Next Generation Goal
 Notwithstanding early action and results, IBM has established a "next
generation" CO2 emissions reduction goal:

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Extend existing achievements in CO2 emissions reduction by reducing CO2 emissions
associated with IBM's energy use by 12% between 2005 and 2012 based on
conservation, use of renewable energy, and/or funding RECs.
| 9th August 2007
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Highlights of IBM’s Operational Leadership in Climate Protection
The Climate
Group
Awards & Recognition
Early Results
2005
Between 1990 and 2006, IBM’s global
energy conservation actions reduced or
avoided CO2 emissions by an amount
equal to 44% of its 1990 emissions.
44%
semiconductor company to
set a numerical target for
PFC emissions reduction
500
400
200
2005
‘98, ‘99, ‘01
Become the first
1998 Became
600
300
2005
USEPA
Climate Protection Award
1998 and 2006
58%
55%
Green Power Purchaser Award
2 0 0 6
Present Goal
100
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Charter
member
2000
Further
Further extend
extend IBM’s
IBM’s early
early accomplishments
accomplishments by
by reducing
reducing CO
CO22
emissions associated
associated with
with IBM’s
IBM’s energy use 12% from 2005 to
emissions
2012
via
energy
conservation,
use of
of renewable
renewable energy,
energy,
2012 via energy conservation, use
and/or funding
funding CO
CO22 emissions
and/or
emissions reductions
reductions with
with Renewable
Renewable
Energy
Energy Certificates
Certificates or
or comparable
comparable instruments.
instruments.
Early Support for Disclosure
Business Environmental
Leadership Council
Computer
Program
Charter
member 1992
CHARTER
MEMBER
2002
S i n c e
WRI GREEN POWER MARKET
DEVELOPMENT GROUP
Charter member 2000
10
FORTUNE 500
Top 20
2004, 2005,
2006
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i n c e p t i o n
Charter member 2003
1605(b) voluntary
emissions
reporting
SSi in nc ce e 1 19 99 95
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
The ‘Big Green Initiative’ will begin with four core areas
Advanced Energy
& Analytics**
Green Operations
and Supply Chain
Advanced Water
Management
“Maximizing the efficiency &
effective-ness of water
provision for human,
agricultural & industrial
consumption”.
Scenario modeling:
 Weather
 Demand
 Availability
 New technologies
Water network management
 Sensors
 Systems integration
Filtration technologies
Consulting services
“Minimizing the carbon
footprint of companies’
operations and supply
chains”.
Diagnosis
Modeling/analysis
Process and product
redesign
Consulting services
(Green buildings
 Data centers++
 Fabs++
 Offices++)
“Minimizing the carbon
footprint of energy creation,
storage and transmission”.
Scenario modeling:
 Environmental
 C02
 Demand/availability
 New technologies
Power grid management
 Sensors
 Systems integration
 Analytics
PV technologies
Consulting services
Computational Modeling
Support for computational and business/process modeling and analytics associated with
improving global environmental health
“Center for Earth System Intelligence”
Support for the above and areas such as weather, climate, hydrology, pollution, pandemics….
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Carbon
Trading
 “Enabling buyers and
sellers of carbon credits
to trade these, within
industries, countries
and internationally”
 Tentative at this stage
until we ascertain the
basic business
model(s) that would be
needed. However we
are pursuing various
consulting leads.
++Separate but related
developments
**Joint development with
Energy and Utilities
leading
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
“Innovation That Matters” for Energy & Climate Protection
 Green Data Centers
 Intelligent Utility Networks
 Intelligent Transport Systems
 Big Green Innovations
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Innovation for Energy Efficient Data Centers
 Reallocating $1B per year to accelerate
green technologies & services and
dramatically improve data center energy
efficiency
 IBM expects to double the computing
capacity of its data centers by 2010 without
increasing power consumption
 Five key steps: Diagnose, Manage &
Measure, Cool, Virtualize, Build
 Nov 2007: Launched industry’s 1st corporateled Energy Efficiency Certificate program.
Provides clients with third party
documentation of energy savings and
tradable energy efficiency certificates.
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
The Green equation for the next 2-3 Years
Businesses are actively looking at Greener IT
 Datacentres waste 875,000,000kWH of energy a
year, or 436,000,000 tonnes of CO2
 By 2008 50% of all Datacentres are power
constrained
 Energy Second Highest cost in 70% of Datacentres
by 2009
 Global Power usage growing by between 2.7% and
4.4% per annum
 60% more power needed by 2030
Green Computing is more than Operational
Issues
 Manufacture, Managing Suppliers*, Logistics, and
Disposal
 Political Pressure for ‘Green Position’
 Optimisation of Assets
 Increasing asset utilisation
 More efficient software and application design and
coding
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
STG - Power and Cooling Advantage
140
120
How many processors fit into a
given power/cooling envelope.
Processors
100
4KW
80
1U
HP BL20
Dell 1855
BladeCenter
60
40
7KW
17
18
19
23
15KW
30
31
34
41
21KW
66
68
73
88
93
96
102
123
20
0
4KW
1U
7KW
HP BL20
15KW
Dell 1855
21KW
BladeCenter
Power/Rack
 Less power per server means more processing capacity per KW
 Customers constrained by either power or cooling can pack more processors into
the same power/cooling envelope
 Better utilization of data center floor space
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Energy in data centres
Power and cooling exceeds server
Spending – IDC 2006
Spending
Installed base
(US$B)
(M units)
Power and cooling
18
$80
16
New server spending
$70
14
$60
12
$50
10
$40
8
$30
6
$20
4
$10
2
$
1996
16
1997
1998
1999
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2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Where are the Watts consumed ?
Servers
Hardware
Data Center
100
Server
Loads
50
0
Typical Utilization
Mainframe 80 – 90%
Unix
10 – 20%
Wintel
5 – 12%
AC/DC
losses; 25%
Fans; 9%
Used Resource
Idle;
20%
= 3,6% of total
80%
HVAC,
UPS
40%
IT
power
60%
Processor
DC/DC
losses; 10%
30%
Standby; 2%
Drives; 6%
PCI; 3%
Planar; 4%
Memory; 11%
Need one more W of
compute energy ?
27 W data center
X1,7
16 W equiv IT power
SPL Sites & Facilities GTS
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x3
5 W equiv processor
x5
+1 W equiv. used ressource
STG Systems Design
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Mainframe vs Intel servers – Power and Space
Power and Space Consumption
SPACE:
System z9 vs. Linux on Intel
POWER:
System z9 vs. Linux on Intel
120
250
IBM z9
Intel
200
IBM z9
In a consolidation, the
100
IBM System z9
may provide:
 up to 4 times the same
100
work in the same space
80
Square Feet
Kilowatts
Enterprise Class (EC)
150
Intel
60
40
 upto 12 times the work
50
for the same power
consumption
0
1 vs.
22
8 vs.
157
18 vs.
319
28 vs. 38 vs.
465
602
Processors
54 vs.
789
20
0
1 vs.
22
8 vs.
157
18 vs.
319
28 vs.
465
38 vs.
602
54 vs.
789
Processors
The Linux on Intel servers selected in this example are functionally eligible servers considered for consolidation to a System z running at low utilization
such that the composite utilization is approximately 5%. The utilization rate assumed for System z EC is 90%. This is for illustration only actual power and
space reductions, if any, will vary according to the actual servers selected for consolidation.
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
The IBM Watson Labs are developing a modeling tool that will
capture the carbon and cost impact of key levers
•
•
•
•
Suppliers
Component
Supply
$
CO2
Process Options
•
•
•
•
•
Order fulfillment process
Manufacturing process
Shipment process
Quality control process
Organizational
management process
• Demand/supply planning
• Vehicle
Routing
• Transportation
options
• Energy
options
Levers
Transportation
options
•
•
•
•
Modes
Shipment frequency
Load consolidation
Vehicle
routing
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Energy options
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oil
Diesel
Hybrid
Ethanol
Natural gas
Other
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Supply options
Inventory policy options
Packaging options
Energy options
Process options
Inventory policy
options
• Component options
• Inventory policy
options
• Packaging options
• Energy options
• Process options
Assembly
Manufacturing
$
CO2
• Vehicle
Routing
• Transportation
options
• Energy
options
• Safety stocks
• Lot sizes
• Planning
frequency
• Replenishment
programs
(e.g. JIT, VMI)
• Substitutable
component choices
• Sourcing choices
• Location choices
• Supplier consolidation
Levers
• Inventory policy
options
• Packaging options
• Energy options
• Process options
Packaging
options
• Package size options
• Package recycling
options
• Corrugated box
• Styrofoam
• Plastic
• Paper work / manuals
Distribution
$
CO2
• Vehicle Routing
• Transportation
options
• Energy options
Customers
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Innovation for Intelligent Utility Networks
 Provide processes, technology and partners
to deliver informed decision-making through
an IP-enabled continuous sensing network
that connects all parts of a utility
(equipment, control systems, applications,
employees)
 A new level of enterprise information and
integration
 Enables continuous monitoring & feedback
about a utility's assets and operations to
improve situational awareness, reliability,
efficiency, flexibility, and environmental
stewardship
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Emerging Technologies here now…
Power Meter
http://realtime.ngi.ibm.com/powermeter
|
0-20p/hour – green
20-40p/hour – amber
40-60p/hour – red!
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Water Meter Mote
http://realtime.ngi.ibm.com/watermeter
|
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
“UIF” - Universal Information Framework
•Live dashboard display
•SMS/IM-style messaging
•Alerts and notifications
•Action buttons to activate/respond
•Image and sound delivery
|
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Live data in
Second Life
Live Meter reading
in Virtual World
Could be used in a
variety of ways
from education to
simulation
|
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Innovation for Intelligent Transport Systems
 Real time monitoring & forecasting of congestion in
cities enables real time action to reduce traffic and
emissions
 Can charge drivers at point of use for access to city centers
 Stockholm Congestion Tax Project
 Involves 18 barrier-free control points
 Allows differentiated pricing by time of day, congestion level, and
potentially emissions level
 1st month pilot results:
 Traffic reduced by 100,000 vehicle passages per day (25%)
 Public transportation passengers increased by 40,000 / day
 Congestion during peak hours dramatically reduced
 Corresponding reductions in CO2 emissions
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
IBM Cool Bluetm Portfolio
Services Components:
SERVICES
LAYER
 Data Center Modeling & Planning
 Support for Technology Components
 Facilities Integration – Power/Cooling Vendors
System Components:
SOLUTIONS
SYSTEMS
LAYER
VIRTUALIZATIO N
LAYER
Thermal Map
 Enterprise Management Integration
 Power Capacity Planning tools
 Power Executive : Measure, Monitor, & Control
 Policy based Mgmt:
 Deployment-Power-Performance-High Availability
Technology Components:
TECHNOLOGY
LAYER
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 Power Supplies : DC/AC Measure, Efficiency, iPDU
 CEC: Intel, AMD, Power P6/P7
 I/O: Networking, Storage
 Virtualization
 Packaging : BladeCenter, Rear/Side Heat Exchangers
| 9th August 2007
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
IBM portfolio of system design and
management tools that demonstrate
IBM’s leadership and sets the
industry agenda for optimal
thermal efficiency.
IBM has designed and
built 30 million sq ft of
client raised floor, 100
IBM data centers and 5
of top 14 green / intelligent
buildings in Japan.
IBM processes an
estimated 40,000 used
systems per week through
their centers worldwide.
In 2006 IBM processed over
100 million pounds of used IT
gear sending less than 1%
to landfills.
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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007
Emerging Technology Services
Thank you.
peter_waggett@uk.ibm.com
+44 (0)1962 817717
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2007