GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
FOR KHARIF CAMPAIGN 2015
GROUP - II
PROMOTION OF PULSES THROUGH
INTER-CROPPING IN KHARIF SEASON
(7th – 8th APRIL 2015)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
TELANGANA
1
TELANGANA STATE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
TELANGANA, HYDERABAD
2 of 14
TELANGANA - PROFILE
S NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CATEGORY
TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
GROSS CROPPED AREA
NET CROPPED AREA
GROSS IRRIGATED AREA
NET IRRIGATED AREA
NUMBER OF FARM HOLDINGS
A)MARGINAL
B) SMALL
C) OTHERS
TOTAL AREA OPERATIONS
A)MARGINAL
B) SMALL
C) OTHERS
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL
CROPPING INTENSITY
IRRIGATION INTENSITY
Unit
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Nos.
Lakh Nos.
Lakh Nos.
Lakh Nos.
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
Lakh Ha
mm
%
%
AREA (Lakh Ha)
114.84
56.90
46.54
25.57
17.74
55.54
34.41
13.27
7.86
61.96
15.67
18.69
27.60
906.5
1.24
1.44
3 of 14
Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana
Name of the
Sl. No.
Zone
Districts
Head
quarters
1
Northern
Telangana
Zone
Karimnagar,
Nizamabad,
Adilabad
2
Central
Telangana
Zone
Warangal,
Khammam,
Medak
3
Southern
Telangana
Zone
Mahbubnagar,
Nalgonda,
Palem
Rangareddy (+
Hyderabad)
Jagtial
Warangal
Geographi
cal area
(lakh ha)
No. of
mandals
Soil Type
Normal Rainfall (in
m.m)/ Important crops
grown
35.5
Red earths with loamy
144 soils (Chalkas) and black
cotton soils
900-1150 Rice, maize,
soybean, cotton, redgram
turmeric
30.6
Red earths with loamy
soils(Chalkas), Red sandy
132
soils and BC soils in
pockets
800-1150 Cotton, Rice,
Maize,
greengram,Mango,
Chillies
164Red soils, Chalkas
500-670 Cotton, Rice,
redgram, maize,
greengram
39.3
KHARIF PROSPECTS 2015 COMPARED TO KHARIF 2014
Area in lakh ha, Productivity in kgs/ha & Production in LMTs
Sl.
No.
Crop
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
8
Paddy (Planted)
Jowar
Bajra
Ragi
Maize
Redgram
Greengram
Blackgram
Total Pulses
Total Foodgrains
Groundnut
Sunflower
Soybean
Castor
Total oilseeds
Cotton (*)
Chillies
Sugarcane
Turmeric
Onion
Total cropped area
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Normal
10.04
0.89
0.055
0.02
4.66
2.90
1.53
0.50
4.93
20.60
0.26
0.04
1.61
0.93
2.93
15.34
0.58
0.38
0.50
0.04
40.38
AREA
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTION
Actual Target
Actual Target
Actual Target
Normal
Normal
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
9.20
19.99
3170
3054
3402
52.44
28.10
67.99
0.44
1.84
984
1119
1127
1.47
0.49
2.07
0.02
0.15
861
915
1000
0.12
0.02
0.15
0.01
0.03
1316
961
1500
0.03
0.01
0.05
5.22
7.30
3821
2720
4659
23.59
14.20
34.00
2.23
3.08
439
441
590
1.29
0.98
1.82
0.70
2.00
499
489
651
0.83
0.14
1.25
0.20
0.78
610
697
840
0.39
0.34
0.66
3.16
7.09
4.13
1.48
5.72
18.05
36.49
81.95
44.30 110.10
0.12
2.23
1700
1700
1833
3.33
0.20
4.10
0.01
0.51
977
648
970
0.31
0.01
0.49
2.46
2.55
1515
1070
1640
2.45
2.63
4.18
0.50
0.83
491
503
496
0.46
0.25
0.41
3.14
6.46
1357
1455
7.11
3.10
9.40
17.20
17.25
355
1051
429
31.97 106.34
43.50
0.55
0.78
3282
3103
3887
2.17
1.71
3.01
0.38
0.42 84158 77000 85793
32.03
29.26
35.88
0.43
0.49
5725
5197
6970
2.88
2.23
3.41
0.06
0.19 24370 16216 26385
3.53
0.97
5.11
39.81
62.18
( * ) Cotton production in lakh bales of 170 kgs. of lint. Kharif 2014 AYP figures are as per 2nd AE (DES)
5
ANNUAL RAINFALL (June2014 TO March 2015)
Normal
:
906.5 mm
Season Normal as on date :
860.4 mm
Received
:
591.5mm
Deviation
:
-31 % Deficit
6
AREA ,PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PULSES IN
TELANGANA STATE
Sl.
Area
Crop
Year
No.
Yield Kgs/ha)
(Lakh ha)
Production
(LMTs)
2006-07
6.85
537
3.68
2007-08
5.61
704
5.14
2008-09
2009-10
6.62
7.14
699
471
4.63
3.36
2010-11
7.55
624
4.71
2011-12
6.18
480
2.97
2012-13
6.11
804
4.91
2013-14
5.63
837
4.71
2014-15
4.02
(Base Year)
Total Pulses
2.49
RED GRAM
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
294
341
298.64
275.7
262
238.1
Yield
(kgs / ha)
378
446
304
554
531
441
Normal
284.9
442
Year
Area
(000 ha)
Production
(000 tons)
111
152
90.71
152.8
139
105
125
600
500
400
RED GRAM Area
(000 ha)
300
RED GRAM Yield
(kgs / ha)
200
RED GRAM Production
(000 tons)
100
0
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Normal
GREEN GRAM
Year
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Normal
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Area
(000 ha)
201
210
147.84
149.65
127
81
153
Yield
(kgs / ha)
Production
(000 tons)
129
533
552
735
693
489
521
26
112
81.58
109.97
88
39
76
GREEN GRAM Area
(000 ha)
GREEN GRAM Yield
(kgs / ha)
GREEN GRAM Production
(000 tons)
BLACK GRAM
Year
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Normal
Area
(000 ha)
Yield
(kgs / ha)
71
76
69.93
56.35
45
47
61
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
183
632
597
913
867
697
648
Production
(
QTLS)
130
480
417.5
514.6
390
330
330
BLACK GRAM Area
ha)
(000
BLACK GRAM Yield
ha)
(kgs /
BLACK GRAM Production
(QTLS)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Normal
Constraints of Pulse Production inTelangana
1. Grown under diverse situations 1. Grown under diverse situations Rain fed, ID crops, Under residual
moisture
2. Grown under diverse soil condition ;Black soils,Red soils,Chalka soils,Sandy
loams
3. Pests & Diseases-wilt, SMD, Maruca, Dry root rot , collar rot, helicoverpa,
YMV
4. Abiotic-terminal moisture stress
5. Dependent upon other crops in the crop rotation/cropping systems
6. Grown under poor management with less inputs
7. Short duration blackgram / greengram are prone to vagaries of monsoon.
8. Requirement of location specific high yielding varieties and production
technologies.
9 . Competition from dominant commercial crops in terms of returns – cotton,
chillies and maize.
.
11
SCOPE
FOR INCREASING AREA
• Pulse based cropping system equally
remunerative to sole cropping commercial
crops-Maize-bengalgram
• Inter cropping –cotton, maize, beans, jowar,
orchards, social forests
• Crop rotation with pulses in traditional
commercial crop growing areas
• Expansion of area through demonstration of
prepaddy/ chilli/ maghi jowar
SCOPE
• Expansion of area under rice fallow systems
specially in parts of warangal and khammam
districts
• Encouraging pre rabi/summer pulses with
limited irrigation facilities –Specially Bt cotton
• Pigeon pea on slopes / hills /bunds
• Cultivation under “Zero tillage”
• Encouraging rabi pigeonpea
INTERCROPPING
• Growing of two or more crops simultaneously
on the same piece of land utilising the space
between rows of main crop.
• There is a crop intensification in both space
and time.
• There is a intercrop competition during all or
part of the growth.
• The intercropping is usually is grown with
cereals and legumes .
Advantages of Intercropping
• Higher income per unit Area
• Serve as an insurance against failure of crop
among abnormal years
• Maintain soil fertility and Nutrient uptake.
• Reduce soil run off.
• Availability of fodder to the animals
• Better scope for INM and IPM
• Continuous work for the farmer throughout
the season
Limitation:
• Intercropping system is uneconomical and
undesirable during Rabi season.
• Therefore, there is lot of scope for
intercropping of pulses with cereals and other
crops during Kharif season.
Popularization of inter cropping
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Jowar /Maize/Bajra + Red gram
Cotton + green gram/black gram/Red gram
Castor+ cowpea/Red gram
Soya bean + Red gram
Groundnut + Red gram
Introduction of redgram on paddy bunds during Kharif.
Introduction of relay cropping of blackgram in paddy
In pigeonpea, for intercropping, varieties like PRG-100, PRG158, PRG-176, WRGE-96, WRGE-97 (under pipe line) with
140-160 days duration are desirable desirale.
• In green gram varieties such as WGG-37, MGG-295 maturing
in 65-70 days and WGG-42 (ready for lease) having YMV
resistance, matures in 60 days are best suited for
intercropping in cotton.
Strategies to be followed for promotion of intercropping of pulses
• Introduction of intercropping of Pulses in Non-traditional areas
• Growing of pulses in paddy fallows after harvest of paddy crop.
• Greengram as catch crop preceding rice in NSP command and tankfed
areas.
• Creating Awareness among the farming communities about the
advantage of intercropping , risk management and soil fertility
management.
• Organisation of training programme under intercropping of pulses in
Traditional sole crop areas.
• Organisation of block demonstrations with different crop of pulses to
get suitable combination of Intercropping for different regions.
• Involving the Print and Electronic media for creating awareness about
intercropping among farming community.
• Provision of subsidy on inputs for encouraging intercropping.
Critical Interventions to increase
Pulse Productivity and Production
• Seed Replacement Ratio(SRR):33% of the cropped area
• Varietal Replacement Ratio(VRR): Replacement of old
varieties 15 to 20% per year with recently released varieties of
less than 10 years
• Seed Rolling Plan for 12th Plan has been worked out and
required quantities of breeder seed of rice and pulses varieties
are indented to ANGRAU(State Agriculture University)
• Popularization of short duration varieties in water scarcity and
flood prone areas.
• Popularization of Yellow Mosaic virus resistant varieties in
green gram and black gram and wilt resistant varieties in
bengal gram
• Sowing through Multicrop planter for optimum population .
• Popularization of pre emergence weedicides for effective
control of weeds.
• Effective use of water through sprinkler sets , mobile rain
guns, pumpsets, and water carrying pipes in low water
availability areas.
• Capacity building : On farm training through FFS
Increase of Area in Pulses
Potential Districts
Pigeonpea
Mabhbubnagar, Adilabad, Ranga
Reddy,
Medak,
Nalgonda,
Warangal, Karimnagar and
Khammam
Green gram
Nalgonda,
Medak,Warangal,
Mahbubnagar, Karimnagar and
Khammam
Medak and Nizamabad
Adilabad and Nizamabad
Black gram
Soybean
Enhancement of Productivity Through INM
• Balanced use of NPK based on soil fertility
status (soil test base)
• Popularization of Phosphorus Soluble Bacteria
• Rectification of Micronutrient deficiency
through application of Znso4,Boron, iron and
gypsum
Enhancement of Productivity Through
IPM
• Seed treatment fungicides and Bio agents
• Popularization of Rhizobium culture
application
• Pest monitoring and control through
pheromone traps, Trichogramma cards for
stem borer management
• Training on identification of Pest/Disease and
their natural enemies, ETL for effective
management of pests through appropriate
chemical and dosage.
Productivity and production enhancement in
Pulses through .
1.Cropping system approach.
2.Replacement of Varieties.
3.Weed management
4.Nutrition Management.
5.Pest and Disease Management
6.Farm Mechanization
7.Post harvest.
1.Cropping system approach
• Exploiting the possibility of growing two crops under rainfed
conditions during kharif.
• Greengram/Blackgram followed by
Groundnut/Maize/Chillies.
• Maize/Groundnut followed by Greengram/Blackgram/Bengal
gram
• Intercrop of Red gram with Groundnut
(1:7),Greengram/Blackgram(1:7),Maize/Jowar/bajra(1:2)
Note:
• During Kharif, Cotton area is converted to Pulse followed by
Groundnut/Maize, Chillies/Vegetables depending upon the
availability of the water.
• Most of the farmers preferring intercrop of Red gram instead of
sole crop where no water source is available.
REDGRAM ON RICE BUNDS UNDER LOCAL INITIATIVES
2.Replacement of Varieties
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Replacement of existing varieties with recently released(less than 10 years) high
yielding varieties.
(Blackgram- PU-31,LBG-752 Greengram TMB-37,LGG-460,Red gram LRG41,Bengalgram JAKI 9218)
Selection of Greengram and Blackgram based on the soil type and ecological
conditions with appropriate variety(Greengram in light soils and Blackgram in
medium to heavy soils).
Varieties with smooth pods are preferred during kharif to minimize the absorption
of water and insitu germination.(LGG-460,LBG-752,LGG-685)
Varieties with Synchronization of flowering and erect type are preferred to
facilitate mechanical harvesting.(LGG-460,LBG-752)
Varieties resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus/Powdery Mildew in Greengram and
Blackgram(MGG-347,PU-31:)
Varieties resistant to Wilt in Red gram varieties of Red gram with a duration of
140-160 days to avoid terminal moisture stress.(PRG-158. ICP-8863, Durga) and pre release cultures-PRG-176, WRGE-96, WGRE-97 will be demonstrated and
promoted
3.Weed management
• Main reason for low productivity in Pulses both in
kharif and rabi rice fallow is due to excessive
Weed growth.
• Due to shortage of agriculture labour and the
increased wages, the hand weeding and hoeing is
not possible at appropriate stage of crop growth.
• Encouragement of Weed management through
weedicides (Pre emergence and Post emergence)
4.Nutrition Management
• Recommendation of balanced major nutrition(NPK)
based on soil testing.
• Rectification of Zn deficiency through Basal
application and /or through foliar spray of Zinc
sulphate
• Reclamation of problematic soils through
Gypsum/Lime
5.Pest and Disease management
• Seed treatment with bio agents like Trichoderma
Viridae
• Creating awareness about different pests and
diseases and their management through training and
field exposure.
• Creating awareness of proper dosage and timely
application of appropriate pesticide.
• Encouraging to select disease/pest resistant varieties.
• Community based plant protection measures in
cluster demonstrations.
THANK YOU
Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana
Sl. Name of
No. the Zone
Districts
Geograph
Head
No. of
ical area
quarters
mandals
(lakh ha)
Northern Karimnagar,
1 Telangana Nizamabad, Jagtial
Zone
Adilabad
Central
Warangal,
2 Telangana Khammam, Warangal
Zone
Medak
Mahbubnaga
Southern r, Nalgonda,
3 Telangana Rangareddy Palem
Zone
(+
Hyderabad)
Soil Type
Normal Rainfall (in
m.m)/ Important
crops grown
35.5
Red earths with loamy 900-1150 Rice, maize,
144 soils (Chalkas) and black soybean, cotton,
cotton soils
redgram turmeric
30.6
Red earths with loamy
soils(Chalkas), Red
132
sandy soils and BC soils
in pockets
800-1150 Cotton, Rice,
Maize,
greengram,Mango,
Chillies
164Red soils, Chalkas
500-670 Cotton, Rice,
redgram, maize,
greengram
39.3