Chapter 5
Notes
Secession and Resistance
AHSGE Social Studies
Review
Vocabulary/ Terms/ People
Popular sovereignty- the people in each
territory vote whether or not to permit slavery
Neutrality- refusing to take sides in an issue of
war
Tariff- a tax on imported goods
Secede- leave the Union
Arsenal- a place for making or storing
weapons and munitions
Differences of the North & South
 South
 Agriculture
 Plantation
system relied on slavery
 Few immigrants
 Opposed high tariffs
 Very little manufacturing
 Did
not want a strong central
government- feared it would interfere
with slavery
Differences of the North & South
 North
 Economy
based on manufacturing
 Factories needed labor, but not slave labor
 Heavy immigration population (worked in
factories, built railroads, and settled the West)
 Wanted high tariffs
 Needed a strong central government
Countdown to Secession
 Missouri
Compromise (1820) Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as
a free state to continue the balance between slave
and free states
 Set the boundary line between slave and free
states
 Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state and territories
in Utah and New Mexico were open to slavery by
popular sovereignty
 Fugitive Slave Law- required escaped slaves be
returned to their owners in the South
Countdown to Secession
 Kansas-
Nebraska Act (1854)-
 Permitted
territories in Kansas and Nebraska
to choose whether or not to permit slavery
 Repealed the Missouri Compromise
 Bleeding
 Term
Kansas (1854)-
used to describe conflict in Kansas
territory between anti-slavery factions and proslavery groups
 Both sides suffered injuries and deaths
Countdown to Secession
 Republican
 Made
Party (1854)
up of a coalition of Democrats, Whigs,
and Free-Soilers
 The party most noted for opposing the
extension of slavery in the territories
 Free-soilers- a party believing slavery must not
be permitted in any new territory
Countdown to Secession
 Charles
Sumner (1856)-
 Senator
from Massachusetts who denounced
violence in Kansas and criticized Senator Andrew
Butler of South Carolina
 Was beaten with a cane until unconscious by
Senator Andrew’s nephew who was a member of
the House of Representatives
 Dred Scott Decision (1857) Sued for his freedom after his owner died. The
Supreme Court ruled he could not sue because
slaves were not citizens
Countdown to Secession
 Freeport
Doctrine (1858)-
 Stated
in a debate by Stephen Douglas when he
was running against Abraham Lincoln for the
Senate seat in Illinois
 If a territory had no slave laws, it could not
have slaves
 John
Brown (1859)-
 Anti-slave
agitator who seized an arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
 He was hoping to lead a slave revolt
Countdown to Secession
 1860
 Democratic
Party split along sectional lines
over the issue of slavery
 Northern
Democrats supported slavery in new
territories as determined by popular sovereignty
 Southern Democrats wanted federal protection of
slavery in the territories
 South
Carolina threatened to secede if Lincoln
won the presidential election of 1860
Countdown to Secession
 December
1860
 South
Carolina declared its secession from the
United States
 By February 1861, six other states followed
them:
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Florida
 Louisiana
 Texas
 Federal
forts were seized within their borders
Countdown to Secession
 February
4-18, 1861
 Delegates
from the seceding states met in
Montgomery, Alabama
 They drafted a constitution based on the US
Constitution, but more emphasis on state rights
 Slaves could be held as property, but slave
trade with Africa was prohibited
 Jefferson Davis selected as President of the
Confederate States of America
 Montgomery declared the capital of the CSA
Efforts to Restore the Union
 Senator
John Crittenden- tried to restore the
Union by proposing a new compromise:
 Restore
the Missouri Compromise border line
and apply it to all present and future territories
 Amend the Constitution to guarantee the right
to own slaves in states in the south of that line
 Former
President John Tyler- presided over a
special convention in Washington to promote
a compromise
Efforts to Restore the Union
 President
 Tried
James Buchanan-
to prevent the Civil War by inaction
(doing nothing)
 Blamed
abolitionists and the North’s
unrelenting agitation against the South for the
state of the nation
 Allowed Confederate forces to occupy federal
forts, arsenals, and navy yards
 Did not recognize the Confederacy as a new
nation
Efforts to Restore the Union
 Abraham
 Won
Lincoln-
the presidency based on a platform of
forbidding the extension of slavery into the new
territories, but not interfering with slavery
where it already existed
 Assured the nation that slavery would be safe
in the South
 Notified the governor of South Carolina that he
wanted to send only food to federal soldiers at
Ft. Sumter
 Confederate soldiers opened fire on the fort
before the relief ships arrived
Battle Lines
 Fort
Sumter- shots fired here began the Civil
War
 Border states who stayed with the Union
 Kentucky,
 Border
Missouri, Maryland
states who joined the Confederacy
 Virginia,
North
Carolina,
Arkansas,
and
Tennessee
 The capital of the Confederacy was moved to
Richmond, Virginia
Resistance to Secession
 Winston
County, Alabama- voted to remain
neutral during the Civil War
 Western
counties of Virginia- opposed
Virginia’s secession and became a state in
1863
Military Strategy- North
 Goal:
compel the Southern states to rejoin the
Union
 To accomplish the goal, the Union needed to:
 Invade
the South
 Destroy the South’s ability to wage war
 Lower morale of the South so they would no
longer fight
 Anaconda
Plan- squeeze the South by
applying naval blockades around the
southern coast and seizing the Mississippi
River while invading from the North
Military Strategy- South
 Goal:
force the Union to recognize the rights
of southern states to secede
 To accomplish the goal, the Confederacy
needed to:
 Prolong
the war until the North tired of
fighting and asked for peace
 Convince European nations to support the
South in its goals
Military Strategies- South
 Advantages
of the Confederacy over the
Union:
 The
South would fight a defensive war
 The South had better educated and more
competent generals than the North
 Bull
Run-
 first
battle after the attack on Ft. Sumter
 showed both sides that the war would not be
over quickly, but would be a long and hard war