National Account
Federal Bureau of Statistics
1
What is National Accounts
• The National Accounts is a systematic framework
for the presentation of statistics that provide a
wide range of information about the economy
• National accounts or System of National Accounts
(SNA) provide a summary of national economy
• There are a number of aggregate measures in the
national accounts, most notably gross domestic
product or GDP and investment.
2
Uses of National Accounts
• The National Accounts helps economists to
measure the level of economic development
and the rate of economic growth, the change
in consumption, and investment etc for the
total economy.
• It serves as a framework for macroeconomic
analysis. It presents an overall picture of the
functioning of an economy.
3
Uses of National Accounts
• GDP at constant prices indicates economic
growth to measure the performance of the
economy over time or in comparison with other
countries/in comparison with previous periods.
• With data from NA, economists can forecast the
future growth of the economy.
• impacts on the economy and its sectors of
alternative government policies. It also serve as a
tool for policy making and planning.
4
Framework of Pakistan’s NA
 Regular Activities:
 GDP/GNP (factor costs) by industrial origin (by “sector”)
 Expenditure on GNP (market prices)
 Estimates of GFCF (market prices) by industrial origin for
private & public sector and for general government
 Other Activities:
 Input-Output Tables
 Rebasing of National Accounts from 1999-2000 to 2005-06
 National Health Accounts
5
Sectors of the Economy
A. Agriculture Sector
•
Crops
Major Crops
Minor Crops
•
Livestock
•
Fishery
•
Forestry
6
Sectors of the Economy
B. Industrial Sector
 Mining and Quarrying
 Manufacturing
Large Scale
Small Scale
Slaughtering
 Construction
 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
7
Sectors of the Economy
C. Services Sector
 Transport, Storage & Communication
 Wholesale & Retail Trade
 Finance & Insurance
 Ownership of Dwellings
 Public Admn. & Defence
 Social, Community & Personal Services
8
CROPS
Major crops:
Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Gram, Maize,
etc.
Minor crops:
Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits, Oil seeds,
Condiments, etc.
Intermediate
Consumption:
Seeds, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Water, Transport
Charges, etc.
Sources:
Provincial Agriculture & Irrigation Departments,
IRSA, WAPDA,
Federal Directorate of Fertilizer, Pesticides
Association, etc.
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output including by-products (minus)
Intermediate consumption
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Inputs
Output
125 kinds of
Crops
Quantity
Prices
(of Production)
(Crops)
•Seeds
•Fertilizers
•Ploughing & Planking
•Pesticides, weeding, Spraying etc
•Water
•Transportation charges
•Wastages
Value
Gross Value Added of Crop Production
(Output minus Input)
LIVESTOCK
Composition:
Cattle and their products
Poultry and their products
Intermediate
Consumption:
Roughages (green and dry), Concentrates
(Grains, Oilcakes), Grass & Grazing, salt,
Medicines, etc.
Sources:
Livestock Division,
Agriculture Census Organization,
Pakistan Poultry Association etc.
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output including by-products (minus)
Intermediate consumption
11
Gross Output
Net Sale (Sale of Animals – Purchase
of Animals)=Sale for Slaughtering)
Natural Growth
Livestock Products
1.
2.
3.




Milk
Draught Power
Dung & Urine
Wool & Hair
Poultry Products
4.







Broilers (Farming)
Layers (Farming)
Poultry (Desi)
Ducks, Drakes & Ducklings
Breeding Stock (Farming)
Eggs (Farming)
Eggs (Desi)
Intermediate Consumption
• Fodder
– Green
– Dry
– Concentrate
• Poultry Inputs
• Other Inputs
–
–
–
–
–
–
Transportation, POL, etc
Medical care etc
Interest (Bank charges)
Repair & Maintenance
Rent Paid (Building, Machinery etc)
Value of chicks
FISHING
Composition:
Fish, Prawn, Shrimps, crabs, etc. from:
Ocean, Coastal and Offshore water, Fish
farms, Rivers, Canals, Lakes, Ponds, and
inundated tracts, etc.
Intermediate
Consumption:
Salt, Ice, Fuel & Lubricants, Medicines,
Chemicals, etc. and Auction Charges.
Sources:
Marine Fisheries Department, Provincial
Fisheries Departments & Federal Bureau of
Statistics.
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output
consumption
•Marine
•Inland
(minus)
Intermediate
14
Gross Output
Production
Price
Value of Output
Intermediate consumption
Marine Fishing
• Ice
• Salt
• Fuel
• Gas
• Others
Inland Fishing
• Seed
• Feed
• POL /Elect
• Water
• Other
FORESTRY
Composition:
Timber, Firewood, Ephedra, Grass & Grazing,
Resin, Medicinal herbs, and other Minor
Forest Products/Output.
Intermediate
Consumption:
Seeds, plantation, fertilizer, etc.
Sources:
Federal Inspectorate General of Forests.
Provincial Forest Departments.
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output (minus) Intermediate
consumption
17
Forestry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gross Output
Timber
Firewood
Medicinal Herbs
Mazari & Gum
Wild Mushroom
Honey & Wax
Silk Worms
Wild
FruitsConsumption=24.99% of Timber and Firewood
Intermediate
MINING & QUARRYING
Composition:
Intermediate
Consumption:
Crude oil, Natural Gas, Coal including other
minerals, e.g.
Rock Salt, Lime Stone,
Dolomite, Gypsum, Fire clay, Phosphate,
Marble, Surface Minerals and Allied Services.
Blasting Material, Fuel and Lubricants, etc.
Sources:
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources,
OGDC, etc. Coal and other Mineral
Establishments, Provincial Mineral
Departments
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output (minus) Intermediate
consumption
19
LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING
Composition:
Sources:
Food, Beverages, Tobacco, Textile, Leather,
Wood & Wood Products, Paper & Boards,
Chemicals, Pharmaceutical, Petroleum, Metal,
Engineering, Electrical, Automobile and other
Industrial products/ groups.
Ministry of Industries, OCAC, Provincial
Bureaus of Statistics, Federal Bureau of
Statistics.
For calculating growth rate of value added, Quantum Index of Manufacturing
(QIM) is computed based on production data of 100 items having 75.07%
weight (bench-mark 1999-2000) of Large Scale Manufacturing Sector.
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SMALL-SCALE MANUFACTURING
Composition:
Benchmark
Estimates of
Gross Value
Added:
Annual Growth:
All un-registered small and household
manufacturing establishments
Based on special study and SHMI
Surveys.
7.51 % based on Study on SSMI
1999-2000
21
SLAUGHTERING
The slaughtering industry relates to manufacturing whereas the livestock
is a part of agriculture sector.
The products meat (beef, mutton, chicken) and
Composition:
other products (hides, skins, bones and blood
etc) constitute output of slaughtering.
Intermediate
consumption:
Value of Animals (Buffalo, Cattle, Sheep, Goat,
etc and Poultry (Farm and Desi). Other inputs
Benchmark
Estimates of
Gross Value
Added:
Based on special study (1999-2000).
Value of output (minus) Intermediate
consumption
Source:
Livestock Division,
MINFAL
Annual
Growth:
For calculating GVA of subsequent years,
growth of meat is applied
CONSTRUCTION
Composition:
All major construction activities including
repairs, additions/alterations, Land
Improvement; Buildings; Roads, Bridges,
Streets; Highways; Runways; Transport &
Railway Tracts; Telephone, Power, Gas, Oil,
Utility lines; Canals; Dams; Harbour &
Barrages etc.
Sources:
Federal, Provincial & Local Bodies,
Development Authorities, Major Public &
Private
Construction
Establishments,
Federal Bureau of Statistics.
Value added coefficients of Investment by kind of construction are multiplied to
Investment made in that activity during the year. Value additions of all activities are
summed up.
23
ELECTRICITY, GAS DISTRIBUTION & WATER
SUPPLY
Composition:
Electricity, Gas distribution and Water supply
Intermediate
Consumption:
Furnace Oil, Gas, Water, etc.
Sources:
Electricity:
Gas:
Water:
Gross Value
Added:
WAPDA, KESC, KANUPP, Pak Steel, IPPs and
Captive Power units.
Sui Southern and Sui Northern Gas Cos., Mari
Gas etc.
IRSA, Provincial Irrigation Departments.
Value of Electricity, Gas & Water Supply (plus)
Misc. Receipts (minus) Industrial cost &
Electricity/Gas purchases.
24
TRANSPORT, STORAGE & COMMUNICATION
Composition:
Railway, Air, Water, Road, Pipeline
Transport, Storage & Communication
Sources:
Pakistan Railways, PNSC, KPT, PQA, KICT,
QICT, PICT,CAA, PIA & other Airlines. NTRC,
Asia Petroleum, PARCO, etc. Boats. PTCL,
NTC,Mobile Phones,ISPs,PCOs, Post Offices,
Courier Services, NLC, Town Committees (for
Non-mechanized)
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output (plus) Misc. Receipts (minus)
intermediate consumption
25
FINANCE & INSURANCE
Composition:
State Bank of Pakistan, Scheduled Banks,
DFIs, Insurance Companies, Modaraba &
Leasing Companies.
Sources:
State Bank of Pakistan, Scheduled Banks,
Development Financial Institutions, Life
and General Insurance Cos, Modarabas &
Leasing Companies.
Gross Value
Added:
Value of output (plus) Misc. Receipts
(minus) intermediate consumption
26
WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE
Composition:
All Agricultural, Industrial Produce and
Imports
Sources:
Provincial Governments &
Federal Bureau of Statistics
Value Added:
Total value of trade margins applied on
the marketed portions of Agriculture and
Industrial Output as well as Imports.
27
OWNERSHIP OF DWELLINGS
Coverage:
Housing Units (rented as well as self
occupied) and in urban and rural areas
Sources:
Housing Census & Rent Surveys
Value Added:
Gross Rentals (No. of Dwellings
multiplied by average annual rent
(minus)
Value of current repairs and
maintenance.
28
PUBLIC ADMN. & DEFENCE
Composition:
Federal, Provincial and District
Governments and Cantonment Boards.
Sources:
Budget documents of Federal, Provincial,
District Governments and Cantonment
Boards.
Gross Value
Added:
Sum of the compensation of employees
(all Civil and Defence)
(Plus)
Depreciation on Govt. fixed assets
29
COMMUNITY, SOCIAL &
PERSONAL SERVICES
Composition:
Education, Health, Business
(Accounting, Auditing, Advertising,
Photography etc.), Recreation, Social,
Personal & Domestic Services, etc.
Sources:
Ministry of Education, PMDC, PNC, PBA,
PEC, ACA, PAA, PHA, etc.
Gross Value
Added:
Per Worker Value Added multiplied by
Number of Workers
30
Gross National Product of Pakistan
At constant factor cost of 1999-2000 –
Rs. Million
S. No
Sectors/
2008-09
2009-10
Final
Revised
2010-11
% age change
Provisional
2009-10/
2008-09
A.
1201945
1216523
0.58
1.21
539336
519132
509393
-3.75
-1.88
i) Major Crops
402135
392651
376822
-2.36
-4.03
ii) Minor Crops
137201
126481
132571
-7.81
4.81
620253
646783
670743
4.28
3.70
3. Fishing
21319
21626
22041
1.44
1.92
4. Forestry
14094
14404
14346
2.20
-0.40
1385669
1500345
1499360
8.28
-0.07
1. Mininig & Quarrying
137348
140378
140971
2.21
0.42
2. Manufacturing
998846
1054276
1085440
5.55
2.96
i) Large Scale
665285
698062
704936
4.93
0.98
ii) Small Scale
258173
277562
298407
7.51
7.51
iii) Slaughering
75388
78652
82097
4.33
4.38
3. Construction
112884
144985
146169
28.44
0.82
4. Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
136591
160706
126780
17.65
-21.11
Commodity Producing Sector
2580671
2702290
2715883
4.71
0.50
Services Sector
2895045
2979241
3101523
2.91
4.10
1. Transport, St. & Communication
558703
574101
581388
2.76
1.27
2. Wholesale and Retail Trade
921375
963368
1000477
4.56
3.85
3. Finance & insurance
312818
277555
260172
-11.27
-6.26
4. Ownership of Dwellings
150629
155916
158707
3.51
1.79
5. Public Administration & Defence
332108
340508
385506
2.53
13.21
6. Social, Community & P. Services
Gross Domestic Product (FC)
619412
667793
715273
7.81
7.11
5475716
5681531
5817406
3.76
2.39
2. Livestock
A+B
C.
D.
2009-10
1195002
Agriculture Sector
1. Crops
B.
2010-11/
Industrial Sector
31
Rebasing/Linking Practice
•
•
•
•
•
First base: 1959-60
Second:
1980-81
Third:
1999-2000
Fourth:
2005-06 (work in progress)
The backward and forward revision will be
undertaken after rebasing of 2005-06.
32
Studies for Rebasing of NA
o Inland Fishing
o Marine Fishing
o Road Transport (Intercity and Intra-city)
o Public Call Offices and Pay Phone Companies
o Cable Operators and Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
o Courier Services/ Franchised Post Offices
o Shipping, Goods Forwarding and Custom Clearing Agents
o Travel Agents, Tour Operators & Franchised Booking Agents
Studies for Rebasing of NA
o
Study on Input output Structure of Crops
o
Foreign Exchange companies
o
Stock Exchange Brokers
o
Inland Water Transport
o
Study of Miscellaneous Services
o
Study of News Papers, Weekly/Monthly Periodicals
o
Study of Cooperative Societies
o
Study of Stone Crushing Establishments
o
Study of International Freight Forwarders
Surveys for Rebasing of NA
o Family Budget Survey
o Census of Electricity & Gas Distribution (including CNG, LPG)
o Census of Mining & Quarrying
o Census of Manufacturing Industries
o Survey of Small & Household Manufacturing Industries
o Survey of Whole Sale and Retail Trade, Hotel and Restaurants
o Construction Survey
o Rent Survey
o Survey of Water Supply & Sanitation
o Survey of Warehousing and Storage
o Survey of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
o Survey of Social, Recreational, Community and Personal Services
Why rebasing of National Accounts
• To capture the real and reliable estimates of Gross Domestic
Product(GDP). Gross Fixed Capital Formation(GFCF) by
enlarging the sphere and coverage of macro - economic data
and estimates as per guidelines of System of National
Accounts(SNA)
• The rebasing is a requirement of the government policy and
decision makers, researchers and national and international
users of Pakistan macro-economic data and it is also
international practice.
36
Why rebasing of National Accounts
• The present National Accounts estimates are based on 19992000 and have become outdated due to fast and rapid
changes in economy and economic structure. National
Accounts Committee recommended that the base should be
changed to 2005-06 and new estimates may be prepared.
Therefore, a project “Rebasing of National Accounts from
1999-2000 to 2005-06” was initiated in 2006.
–
–
–
–
The implementation involves the following activities:
New surveys / studies ,
New classifications,
New methods and concepts and new price bases .
37