Q1. Why do Allomerus ants cut off the flower buds of the Cordia
nodosa tree they colonize.
Q2. Some species of Yucca moths are parasitic. When do these
parasitic yucca moths lay their eggs?
Q3. How does Dischidia major (Malaysian urn plant) benefit
from its relationship with Philidris ants?
Q4. The North American black cherry tree (Prunus serotina)
produces extra-floral nectaries as long as the Eastern tent
caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) larvae are _____________.
Q3. What relationships are mutualistic?
Q5. Why are the piggyback ants present on
the leaf fragments?
Q4. (a) Mean, mode, and median are measures of
______________________?
Q4. (b)
SE = SD ??
Q1. The SD of the tail length of 9 kittens is 3 cm. What is
the SE?
Q2. What structures of the Acacia tree provide food for
the ants? (a) _________________ , (b) _______________ .
Q3. The relationship between the aphid-milking ants and
aphids is best described as
A. neutralism.
B. commensalism.
C. amensalism.
D. mutualism.
E. competition.
F. antagonism.
Q4. The relationship between the buffalo and cattle
egrets is commensalism. The table summarizes buffalo
and egret populations when the buffalo and egret are
together and alone. Complete the table.
Buffalo
Cattle egret
Alone
237
1,086
Together
237
??
Q5. In “The Marriage of Figaro” what is the relationship
between Marcelina and Figaro?
Q1. When do parasitic yucca moths lay their eggs?
Q2. Why do Allomerus ants cut off the flower buds of the
Cordia nodosa tree they colonize.
Q3. How does Dischidia major benefit from its relationship
with Philidris ants?
Q4. The nest of leaf-cutter ants is characterized by
symbiosis between attini ants, Leucocoprinus, Escovops, and
Streptomyces. Specify the nature of the relationship:
a) Leucocoprinus
and Escovops.
b) Streptomyces
and Attini ants.
Q5. The variance of a data set of 49 measurements equals
25. What is the Standard Deviation of the data?
Q1. State Gause’s
Competitive Exclusion
Principle.
Q2. What did A.C. Crombie’s work with Oryzaephilus and
Tribolium suggest about the survival of competing
species in the environment?
Q3. List three reasons why multiple leaf-eating species
infest a single tree in the tropical rainforest.
Q4. What principle explains why can the Lappet-faced,
Ruppell’s, and Egyptian vultures all feed on the same
carcass?
Q5. How do you summarize the distance kittens jump:
22, 21, 23,25, 22, 33, 24, 20, 22, 21, 25?
Q1. What two phenomena are illustrated (directly or
indirectly) by the observations on the slide?
Q2. What does the following graph tell you about the ants
and rodents of the southern desert?
Q3. Based on the results of the table what is the symbiosis
between ants and rodents in the Sonoran desert? Explain
WHY!
Q4. If the Lodge pole ground squirrel aggressively
removes the Alpine ground squirrel from the lodge pole
forest then
for the Alpine ground squirrel:
fundamental niche realized niche,
for the Lodge pole squirrel:
fundamental niche realized niche
(Fill in: < or > or =)
Q5. How will you completely define the mass of the acorns
of the pin oak of which you measured 7328 individual
acorns.
Q1. What type of
relationship
between the orchid
that resembles and
smells like a female
wasp and the
corresponding
wasp?
Q2. What is the function of the yellow dots at the base of
the Passion flower leaves?
Q3. What is the relationship between Milkweed and
Monarch butterfly?
Positive, negative, or no effect on
population size of symbiosis.
Milkweed Monarch
A
B
0
0
C
+
-
D
E
0
+
+
+
Q4. Why are feather mites of the body white (or
black) but those of the head both colors?
Q5. What type of defense against predation is used
by the toad? (one word)
Q1. Under which conditions did Gause obtain the
demonstrated results?
Q2. What is the conclusion of the Kaibab plateau
experiment?
Q3. What controls (a) the snowshoe hare population and
(b) the lynx population?
Q4. Express in no more
than four words why
the Asian honey bees
can defend themselves
against marauding Asian
giant hornets but the
European honey bees
can not.
Q5. What property of the predators makes Batesian
mimicry successful?
Apheloria sp.
Brachoria mendota
Q1. (a) What are the white grains? (b) Of what is
the picture an example?
Q2. What is the type of antagonism between
the Alcon blue butterfly and red ants?
Q3. A clumped
distribution
results from:
(a) uneven
distribution of
resources,
(b) scattered
protection
from
predators, and
(c)__________
__
Q4. What is the distribution of a population when
intraspecific competition for space is strong?
Q5. What type of population are these
mushrooms?
Q1. What is the distribution of a population when
intraspecific competition for space is strong?
Q2. A clumped distribution results from:
(a) Uneven distribution of resources,
(b) Scattered protection from predators,
(c) _______________________________.
Q3. The fairy ring is an example of a _______________
species.
Q4. Atlantic puffins form a metapopulation along the coast
of Scotland. What does this mean?
Q5. What populations (NAME!) are characterized by
migrations.
Q1. How does the clutch size in the
following year change with the clutch size
of the current year?
Clutch size
following
year
Clutch size current year
Q2. Note on the graph the Lack and
optimal clutch size.
Reproductive
success
Clutch size
Q3. What is (are)
the independent
variable(s) of an
age-structure
pyramid?
Q4. Compare the size of the prereproductive population to the
reproductive population in a graying
society.
A. Pre-reproductive > reproductive
B. Pre-reproductive = reproductive
C. Pre-reproductive < reproductive
Q5. The life table of Poa annua, a shortlived grass, includes 843 individuals. What
is the death rate of this cohort for the 3 to
6 month interval?
Age
interval
Number
alive
Number
death
0-3 month
843
121
3-6 months
722
195
6-9 months
527
211
9-12 months
316
172
Q1. How does the clutch size in the following year change
with the clutch size of the current year?
Clutch size
following
year
Clutch size current year
Q2. What is the definition of semelparity?
Q3. Note on the graph the Lack and optimal clutch size.
Reproductive
success
Clutch size
Q4. Complete the expression:
TRV = CRV + ____
Q5. What is the correlation between annual fecundity and
annual mortality in birds?
Q1. What is (are) the
independent variable(s)
of an age-structure
pyramid?
Q2. Compare the size of the pre-reproductive
population to the reproductive population in a graying
society.
A. Pre-reproductive > reproductive
B. Pre-reproductive = reproductive
C. Pre-reproductive < reproductive
Q3. The life table of Poa annua, a short-lived grass, includes
843 individuals. What is the death rate of this cohort for the 3
to 6 month interval?
Age
interval
Number
alive
Number
death
0-3 month
843
121
3-6 months
722
195
6-9 months
527
211
9-12 months
316
172
Q4. Draw a type II survivorship curve and give
particular attention to the labeling of the axes.
Q5. Using the same axis show how N, G, and r change in
function of time.
Q1. When resources are limited, per capita growth rate
changes with population size as ….. (formula)?
Q2. Intra-specific competition is highest when
(a) N =
(b) G =
Q3. Use a graph to indicate how per capita birth and
death rates of an exponentially growing population
change with population size.
Q4. In r-selected species, ___________ growth regulators
keep ____________ well below carrying capacity (K).
Q5. Question:
(a) How old is the earliest evidence for domestication of
the cat?
(b) (b) What is the only natural American cat breed?
Q3. A population (size) that remains rather constant over
time is regulated by ________ ?
Q3. In modern biological terms when would a population
face Malthus’ dire predictions of famine, disease, fighting,
and war?
Q3. The absence from the environment of ____________
growth regulators guarantees exponential growth of a
population.
Q3. Complete the table:
Prodigial species Prudent species
Age of first
reproduction
# offspring per
reproductive
event
# reproductive
event in life
Q1. What are the cost of territoriality?
Q2. The tail of the peacock is a reflection of
_____________ competition.
Q3. What factors may affect the mating type of a species?
Q4. What is the mating type of the peacock?
Q5. Where do the peacock brothers and cousins assemble?